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Unit 2A
Human Form & Function
Body systems
The heart & circulation
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Exterior view of theheart
Image created by Patrick Lynch
Pulmonary
arteryLeft atriumPulmonaryvein
Leftventricle
Rightventricle
Inferiorvena cava
Superior
vena cava
Aorta
Right atrium
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Section through theheart Aorta
Left atrium
Pulmonary vein
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Inferior vena cava
Superior venacava
Pulmonary artery
Semilunar valve
Tricuspid valve
Septum
The Miles Kelly Art library, Wellcome Images
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The chambers
The heart consists of four muscularchambers.
The two on the LHS are separated
from the two on the right by theseptum.
The upper chambers - the atria
receive blood.
The lower chambers - the ventricles
are the pumping chambers.
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The chambers
Leftatrium
Leftventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Septum
The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration (The Parthenon Publishing Group, P. Cull, ed., 1989)
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The blood vessels
Aorta
Pulmonaryvein
Inferior vena
cava
Superior venacava
Pulmonary
artery
The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration (The Parthenon Publishing Group, P. Cull, ed., 1989)
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The blood vessels
Carries From To
Vena cava Deoxygenatedblood
The body Rightatrium
Pulmonaryartery
Deoxygenatedblood
Rightventricle
The lungs
Pulmonaryvein
Oxygenatedblood
The lungs Left atrium
Aorta Oxygenatedblood
Leftventricle
The body
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The valves
Aortic
semilunarvalve
Bicuspid
atrioventricularvalve
Pulmonic
semilunarvalve
Tricuspidatrioventricular
valveChordaetendinae
The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration (The Parthenon Publishing Group, P. Cull, ed., 1989)
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The valvesThe direction of the blood flow iscontrolled by four valves.
The atrioventricular valves are heldin position by strong tendons, thechordae tendinae (tendineae).
The heart soundslubb dubb result from the valves snapping
shut.
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Blood circulation through the heart
To thebody
From thelungs
From the
upperbody
To thelungs
From thelowerbody
From thelungs
The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration (The Parthenon Publishing Group, P. Cull, ed., 1989)
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Heart beatThe heart contains specialised conductive
tissue which regulates the heartbeat.
The sinoatrial node (SA node or
pacemaker) is a cluster of specialisedcardiac cells in the wall of the right atriumwhich initiates the heartbeat.
The atrioventricular node (AV node) is thesecondary pacemaker which regulates the
beating of the ventricles.
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Conductive tissue
Sinoatrial (SA)node thepacemaker
Atrioventricular(AV) node
Perkinje fibres
The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration (The Parthenon Publishing Group, P. Cull, ed., 1989)
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The circulatory system
The blood vessels &
circulation
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The blood vessels
Arteries - muscular bloodvessels that carry blood awayfrom the heart.
Arterioles small arteriesthat direct blood flow tovarious tissues.
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Capillaries
microscopicblood vessels that connect
arterioles and venules. They
enable the exchange ofsubstances between bloodand surrounding tissues.
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Venules
small veins.
Veins - blood vessels thatcarry blood toward the
heart.
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Arteries, veins and capillaries
The Miles Kelly Art library, Wellcome Images
Artery
Arteriole
Capillarybed
Vein
Venule
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Blood vessels - structure
Arteries & veins have three layers (the tunicae) thetunica externa, tunica media & tunica interna
Tunica interna(endothelium)
Tunica media
Tunica externa
The Miles Kelly Art library, Wellcome Images
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Blood vessels -structure
Arteries Capillaries Veins
Tunica interna Present Present Present
Tunica media Well
developed
None Relatively thin
Tunicaexterna
Relatively thin None Welldeveloped
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Arteries and veins
VEIN
ARTERY
Notice the
relatively thinwall and largelumen.
Notice therelatively thick,muscular walland small lumen.
G. Meyer
ANHB, UWA
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Veins contain valves toprevent the back flow
of blood
ValveopenValve
closed
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Section through a vein showing avalve
The Miles Kelly Art library, Wellcome Images
Valve
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Capillaries are where the exchange of materials takes placeand consist of one layer of cells only
The Miles Kelly Art library, Wellcome Images
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A capillary bed
Jean Wade and Linda Sharp, Wellcome Images
Artery Vein
Capillaries
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Capillaries
Capillary
G. Meyer
ANHB, UWA L. Slomianka
ANHB, UWA
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Medical Art Services, Munich, Wellcome Images
The
circulatorysystem
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Double circulation
Humans, like all mammals, have a
double circulation:
The systemic circulation
andThe pulmonary circulation.
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The pulmonarycirculation
The pulmonary circulationtakes deoxygenated blood from
the right ventricle to the lungsand returns oxygenated bloodto the left atrium.
The right ventricle is the pumpfor the pulmonary circulation.
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The systemiccirculationThe systemic circulationtakes oxygenated blood from theleft ventricle to all the tissues ofthe body and returnsdeoxygenated blood to the right
atrium.The left ventricle is the pump for
the systemic circulation.
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Double circulationLUNGS
Pulmonary circulation
HEART
Systemic circulationOTHERPARTSOF THEBODY
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Pulmonary circulation
LUNGS
Pulmonary circulation
HEART
Leftatrium
Rightventricle
Pulmonaryvein
Pulmonaryartery
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Systemic circulation
HEART
Systemic circulation
ALL PARTSOF THEBODY
Left ventricle
Rightatrium
AortaVena
cava
M j i
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Major arteries
HEART
Carotid A
Subclavian AAorta
Renal A
Commoniliac A
Femoral A
Celiac A
Mesenteric A
The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration (The
Parthenon Publishing Group, P. Cull, ed., 1989)
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Major veinsJugular V
Subclavian V
Inferior venacava
Superior venacava
Renal V
Commoniliac V
Hepatic V
HEART
The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration (The Parthenon Publishing Group, P. Cull, ed., 1989)
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Study Guide
Read:
TEXT BOOK
Chapter 6
Complete:
Activity 6.1
RQ 1-12