Post on 02-Jun-2018
8/10/2019 4. processing section.ppt
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PROCESSING
Definition: It is the process that produces a visible
lasting image from a latent image created by
the x- ray.
It includes developing, fixing,washing and
drying.
x-ray→light senstive silver bromideon the
film→latent image→processing→final lasting
image.
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Processing methods: 1-Manual method.
2-Automatic method.
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The manual method:
It is the simplest way to
develop, rinse,fix and wash
the dental film.
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4-Thermometers and timer.
There are 2 types of thermometers : a-Tank thermometer that contain centigrat
and feherenhiet scale,it also
contain a steel clip to hold it in the tank.
b-Floating stirring rod thermometer that can
stirr the solution and measure the temp.
the timer is used to adjust needed time fordeveloping and fixing.
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5-Safe light.
Slight illumination is needed in the dark
room to perform the Processing steps, it is usually
yellow or red as x-ray film emulsion is less senestive
to it than the blue and green color,GBX-2 red filter is
used to get the needed light.
6-Processing hanger:
Used to hang the films in it.
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Dark room
The place in which the processing
steps take place, it should be cleanand equipped.
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Steps of the manual processing: 1-Stirr the solution.
2-Check the solution level.
3-Check the solution temp.
4-Turn safe light on.
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5-Unrap the exposed film.
6-Develop the film 5 min 70F
(The main function of the
developer is to reduce the silver
in the exposed silver bromideinto black metallic silver the
unexposed silver bromide is not
affected by the developer).
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7-Rinse the film for 20-30 sec.
8-Fix the film for 8-10 min(Themain function of the fixer is to
make the unexposed silver
bromide soluble to be washed by
water and leave a translusent
area,so it sometimes calledclearing agent ).
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Developing solution:
1-Reducing agent →Metol
Hydroquinone
2-Activator →Sodium carbonate
3-Preservative→Soduim sulfite
4-Solvent →
Water5- Restrainer
potassium bromide
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The fixer solution
1-fixing agent → Ammonium thiosulfate.2-Acidifier → Acetic or sulfuric acid (stop devoloping).
3-Hardener → Aluminium chloride(harden the emulsion)
4-Preservative→Sodium sulfite.
5-Solvant →water.
9-Wash the film (15 min) to remove the chemicals and
Disolve the unexposed silver bromid.
10-Dry the film.
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Automatic method:
In this method the process of processingdepend on a roller that transport the film on
the various
solutions(developer,water,fixer,water and finally dryer).
The main advantages here are:
1-Decrease the processing time.
2-Constant film quality.
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Film
Exit Dryer
(heater, fan)
Film
Entry
Wash
Automatic ProcessorAutomatic processors come in various shapes and sizes, but
they all function the same. The film is inserted in the inlet slot
where it is fed into a series of rollers (see photo next slide).These rollers transport the film through the developer, fixer,
wash and dryer and the film exits the processor ready to
mount. The rollers “squeegie” the excess chemicals off of the
film as it exits each solution; no rinse is needed between the
developer and fixer. (Click to process film).
FixerDeveloper