Post on 12-Apr-2016
description
Presented by -Aditi Bhadra (0612031004)Abha Singh (0612031001)Divya Tiwari (0612031034)Garima Govind (0612031035)Manisha Gupta (0612031053)
The focus of this project is to develop a microcontroller based methodology to assist decision-makers in identifying and ranking bus stops in high auto-pedestrian collision concentration areas. An enhanced bus identification system is one possible solution to address the growing congestion problems in urban areas.
Project Objective
Overview of project
RF Technology Microcontroller
MICROCONTROLLER AND WIRELESS BASED
VEHICLES IDENTIFICATION
Radio Frequency Technology
Radio Frequency (RF) in the range of 3 Hz and 30 GHz. RF communications are typically support 1200 to 9600 baud. Recently developed modulation schemes and spread spectrum technologies are achieving up to 19,200 baud.
RF TRANSMITTER
RF RECIEVER
The microcontroller facilitates coding together with system controlling.
Used for - To indentify stoppage code. Interfacing with LCD for display. To provide control signal to buzzer.
POWER SUPPLY
UNIT
TRANSMITTER SECTION
RECIEVER SECTION
MICROCONTROLLER WITH LCD
TRANSMITTER SECTION
Battery
RFEncoder
4 Pin DIP Switch
ASK MODULATOR
ANTENNA
TRANSMITTER
TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT
Transmitter ModuleTWS-434:
Designed by Reynolds Electronics
Frequency of operation: 433.92 MHz
4 pins chip Small in size Range about 150
feet
The 212 encoders are a series of CMOS LSIs for remote control system applications.
They are capable of encoding information which consists of N address bits and 12N data bits. Each address/ data input can be set to one of the two logic states.
The programmed addresses/data are transmitted together with the header bits via an RF or an infrared transmission medium upon receipt of a trigger signal.
Encoder
HT12E-18 DIP
μcAT89C
51
LCD2×16
BUZZER
POWER SUPPLY
230V A.C.
RECEIVER
ASKDEMODULATOR
RFDecoder
ANTENNA
Receiver SECTION
RECIEVER CIRCUIT
Receiver ModuleRWS-434:
Designed by Reynolds Electronics Frequency of operation 433.92 MHz
Power supply: 5V (AA batteries) Size: small and compact
Same frequency as Transmitter
The 212 series of decoders are capable of decoding information that consist of N bits of address and 12N bits of data.
The decoders receive serial addresses and data from a programmed 212 series of encoders that are transmitted by a carrier using an RF or an IR transmission medium. They compare the serial input data three times continuously with their local addresses.
Decoder
HT12D-18 DIP
Microcontroller
The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM).
The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology.
The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer.
By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.
Pin Diagram
Features
• 4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory – Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles• Three-level Program Memory Lock• 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM• 32 Programmable I/O Lines• Two 16-bit Timer/Counters• Six Interrupt Sources• Programmable Serial Channel• Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
LCD’s are passive display having low power consumption and contrast ratio.
Basically, LCD consist of thin layer of NLC liquid about 10 micron thick placed between two glass plates having an electrode at list one electrode is transparent.
The operation of LCD is base on the use of certain organic material, which retains a regular crystal like structure even when they have been melted.
Liquid Crystal Display
Interfacing LCD with 8051
LM015
8051
P1.7-P1.0 D7-D0
RW
RS
E
P3.4
P3.5
P3.3
MICROCONTROLLER-LCD INTERFACE
Power Supply Unit
A device or system that draws unregulated input AC or DC from an electrical power source at one voltage level and converts it to controlled and precisely regulated DC power at its output in a form that is required by the load.
PowerSource
DCPowerSupply
Load
A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which performs a particular function.
For example a 5V regulated supply:
Each of the blocks is described in more detail below: •Transformer - steps down high voltage AC mains to low voltage AC. •Rectifier - converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying. •Smoothing - smooths the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple. •Regulator - eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage.
Continue…
o The Keil (µVision2)
The Keil C51 Cross Compiler is an ANSI C Compiler that is written specifically to generate fast, compact code for the 8051-microcontroller families. The C51 Compiler generates object code that matches the efficiency and speed of assembly programming.
Using a high-level language like C has many advantages over assembly language programming:
Knowledge of the processor instruction set is not required. Rudimentary knowledge of the memory structure of the 8051 CPU is desirable (but not necessary)
Programs get a formal structure (which is imposed by the C programming language) and can be divided into separate functions. This contributes to source code reusability as well as better overall application structure.
Programming and program test time is drastically reduced.
The Keil The Keil (µVision(µVision22))
Project Application
Can be used in bus for the identification of coming stoppage.
Can be use as a Bus route indicator
Can be used by big organizations to locate their private vehicles.
Project Features No radio frequency interference (RFI) to the existing terrestrial
wireless systems. We have used 434MHz frequency band for the data transmission, which is specially allotted for experimental purpose.
Digital transmissions make more efficient use of spectrum and have better threshold margins.
Digital modulations are more robust, are error free, and predictable under most conditions.
Signal transmission at a rate of 1200 bps.
Coverage range up to 100 feets.
Conclusion
We have given a brief introduction of our project “Microcontroller Based Wireless Stop or Station Identification in Bus”. Hope we have enlighten a lot on its technical and functional description .Our aim towards is to provide a simple, cost–effective, and moreover future expandable system, to provide a reliable facility for common people in term of navigation.
Reference
Circuit diagram and details : http://www.google.com/ LCD : http://www.freewebs.com/maheshwankhede/lcd.html Kiel : http://www.kiel.com/dd/ and (Electronics For You ;Feb 2010) LCD-AT89S52 interface : http://microcontrolleravr.com/lcd-
interfacing-to-microcontroller-at89s52/ http://www.microcontroller51.blogspot.com/2010/01/alpha-
numeric-lcd-interface-with-micro.html AT89X52.h : http://www.keil.com/dd/docs/c51/atmel/AT89X52.h LCD.h : http://homepage.hispeed.ch/peterfleury/avr-lcd44780.html
http://mmmhilda.googlecode.com/files/LCD.h
Questions