26.2 A New Kind of War• Objective: We will explore the new

warfare tactics used, and the effects this had on populations of the world.

Western Front•Germans sweep through France towards Paris. •First Battle of the Marne drives Germans back.

•Schleiffen Plan no longer an option. Russia now invades and Germany fighting 2 fronts.

http://www.diggerhistory.info/images/trenches/turks-trench-anzac.jpg

noviomagus.tripod.com

TRENCH WARFARE

Trench Warfare• Started along Western Front for

protection and because they were outnumbered. W/ modern tech. Small numbers could hold out.

• “Race to the Sea”• Life in trenches• What was “No Man’s Land”? • Casualties

ARTILLERY

http://www.worldwar1.com/heritage/bbertha.htm

Tanks• First used during the Battle of the

Somme (British Mark 1 Tank) 1916• Designed to break stalemates and

cross “no man’s land”

http://www.pilotfriend.com/century-of-flight/Aviation%20history/airplane%20at%20war/images/17a.jpg

WAR IN THE AIR: Zeppelins & Biplanes

GAS

•Germans first use chlorine gas at Ypres in 1915•Allies retaliate•Delivered by artillery

TYPES:Chlorine Gas (Phosgene)Mustard Gas

http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/Heller/images/hellerp81.jpg

http://www.firstworldwar.com/weaponry/machineguns.htm

MACHINE GUN

http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/gabrmetz/wwi_tank.gif

Machine Guns - European

Naval Warfare

Eastern Front•German/Russian border•Nationalistic fighting w/Russians and Serbs vs. Austria, Germany, Ottoman Empire. •Repeated offensives by both sides led to massive casualties.•Tannenberg is example.

•10,000 of 150,000 escaped

Russia• Continuous lack of supplies for

troops• Germans/Ottomans blocked naval

support.• What did Russia do for the allies?

• Didn’t allow Germany to use full force in the West.

• Lost massive amounts of men, continued to recruit and lose more. Leads to domestic problems.

• World War spreads to Africa and Asia.

Global War•Japan and Italy join Allies, widening conflict. •Gallipoli campaign looked to take the Dardanelles (1915-1916).

•Allies suffered over 250,000 casualties, disaster.

Japanese Expansion

Around the World

• T.E. Lawrence and Britain topple Ottoman cities.

• Allies took German colonies in Africa• Colonial subjects fighting for allies.

The U.S. Enters•Unrestricted submarine warfare bc of blockade and Lusitania. •Last straw was Zimmerman note. •April 2, 1917 Wilson and Congress declare war.•Doughboys bring new energy/money/resources to the fight.

Unterseeboot

http://www.vth.de/modellbau/werft/Wer08_02/32.htm

Lusitania warningThough New York newspapers carried warnings from the German embassy about the dangers of transatlantic travel, the passengers who boarded the Lusitania on May 1, 1915, probably did not imagine themselves in serious danger from submarine attack. The ship was sunk on May 7. Of the 1,959 passengers and crewmembers, 1,198 died, including 128 Americans. (Cobb Heritage Centre, England; photo by Larry O. Nighswander/NGS)

Lusitania warning

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Great War Sacrifices•Government responsibilities increase in desperate times:

•“Total War” for European governments. •Economy revolved around war needs. Led to rationing. Government control of press=Propaganda.

Turning the Tide of War

Demise of Central Powers•German “Ludendorff Offensive” fails at 2nd Marne. Why?

•Fresh American, French, Moroccan forces

US Tanks after Marne 2

THE COLLAPSE OF GERMANY• Nov. 3, 1918: German sailors mutiny• Nov. 9. 1918: Berlin rebels• The Kaiser flees to the NetherlandsCEASEFIRE: 11th hour, 11th day, 11th

month

FINAL TOLL: 4 years of fighting, involving 30

nations26 million dead ( half are civilians)20 million wounded10 million refugeesCOST= $350,000,000,000

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/hq/wfront1_02.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/hq/wfront1_02.shtml

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTY7v1Q_vnc