2009 IECC – RESIDENTIAL ENERGY

CODE TRAINING

6/23/08

6/23/08

Summary of Changes• Windows U-0.35• Basement Walls R-10 to Frost Line• Slab Insulation – R-10• Recessed Lights – Air Tight and IC rated• Ducts in Unconditioned Space

– Supply Ducts in Attics R-8– All Other Ducts R-6

• Attic insulation at extends to outside edge of top plate R-30

3

Summary of Changes

• Duct systems that extend into unconditioned space must be visually inspected (mastic) or tested for leakage.

• Air tightness of the building must be visually inspected or tested.

• Access hatches and doors to unconditioned spaces must be insulated and weatherstripped.

4

Summary of Changes

• Fireplaces must have gasketed doors and outside combustion air.

• Using the Performance Option the efficiency of the HVAC system is not considered. The building envelope annual energy use must be equal to a building meeting the prescriptive requirements.

5

Definitions

Conditioned Space: An area or room within a building being heated or cooled, containing uninsulated ducts, or with a fixed opening directly into an adjacent conditioned space.

6

Definitions

Building Thermal Envelope: The basement walls, exterior walls, floor, roof, and any other building element that enclose the conditioned space. This boundary also includes the boundary between conditioned space and any exempt or unconditioned space.

Building Thermal Envelope

Conditioned space

attic

7

Building Thermal Envelope

• Components:• Fenestration

• Windows, doors, skylights• Ceilings• Walls

• Above grade• Below grade• Mass walls

• Floors• Slab• Crawl space

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The Building Envelope Can Be Deceiving

9

STAIRCASE WALLS

Notes:Door to unconditioned space: insulated, weather stripped

Wall to unconditioned space: insulated and sealed on all 6 sidesArea above the stairs: insulated same as floor

Not required with conditioned basement.

Carefully consider how to define the thermal envelope with an unconditioned basement or attic in the area surrounding the stairs

10

Builder

11

1. Will there be an HVAC system in the attic and will there be insulation on the ceiling?

2. Performance vs Prescriptive

3. Where and how the thermal barrier will be established (insulation location)

4. Where or how the air barrier will be established (insulation type)

5. Details of meeting Prescriptive requirements, such as ceilings without attic spaces

12

6. What sub-contractor will be responsible for what job function

7. Insure all mandatory provisions are met

8. Provide blueprints with all insulation levels, window and door U-factors specified– If blueprint includes insulated area square

footage it will simplify calculations–Areas should be provided for every unique

external condition, such as walls next to an unconditioned attic.

8. Estimated air leakage rate

13

Foundation Contractor

14

Slab-on-grade floors • R-10 (typically 2 inches) insulation in Zone 4• Downward from top of slab a minimum of 24” • Insulation can be vertical or extend horizontally under

the slab or out from the building (must be under 10 inches of soil),

• Can be angled at edge of slab

15

Foundation: Typical Slab Installation

How to insulate the top edge internally?

16

Foundation: Typical Slab Installation

Local optionallowed

17Add taper to top of slab

Framer

18

Needs to know1. Will there be an HVAC system in the attic and

will there be insulation on the ceiling?a) must build platform and insulation dam

2. Where blocking is needed for air barriera) Kneewallb) Cantilevered floorsc) Bonus room over garage

3. Foam strip needed under wall plate

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HVAC Platform

20

Extension added to ceiling joists to allow the depth of insulation need to provide an R-38 or R-30, total height of 10 to 12 inches.

Attic Insulation Dam

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Corner Framing to Allow Insulation

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Ladder Framing to Allow Insulation

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No insulationpossible

Insulationwith somebridging

Insulationwithoutbridging

Insulationwithoutbridging

Insulated Header

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2x Member

2x Member

½” RigidInsulation

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Framer - Air Leakage ControlRim Board

Glue or Foam Strip

Glue or Foam Strip

Glue

Glue

Foam Strip

Preparing for Insulation

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Kneewall Blocking

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Kneewall Blocking

28

Unconditioned Space

ConditionedSpace

UnconditionedSpace

Conditioned Space

ConditionedSpace

UnconditionedSpace

Kneewall Blocking

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Walls

30

All walls must have 6 solid side, top, bottom, front, back

No top plate

2x4 Flat – How to insulate???

Cantilevered Floor Blocking

Who does what, when?Ductwork in cavity must maintain R value 31

Dropped Soffit – Framer

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v Must be insulated before soffit installation

Interior Wall Exterior Wall

Dropped Soffit – Air Sealer

33

Must be insulated before air barrier installation

Interior Wall Exterior Wall

Skylight Air Barrier

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Fireplace Wall Air Barrier

35

Must be insulated before air barrier installation

36

Filler blocking much simpler shape with dimensional lumber

Filler blocking much harder shape with Engineered lumber

GARAGE BAND JOIST AIR BARRIER

Two types of joist-gaps created between garage and conditioned space.

Incorrect Correct

Air Blocking and Insulation Behind Tub or Shower

37

Must be insulated before air barrier installation

38

Air Blocking Needed for Fire Code

Plumber

39

• Needs to insure– Exterior walls are insulated and an air barrier

installed prior to installing tubs or showers on exterior walls

• Needs to do normally– R-2 insulation on a circulation hot water

system with automatic or manual switch to turn off system when not in use (cost factor in bid)

40

Air Blocking and Insulation Behind Tub or Shower

41

Must be insulated before air barrier installation

Electrician

42

• Needs to do normally– Provide IC airtight rated recessed lights

installed to manufacture’s specifications– Prescriptive - 50% or more of permanently

installed lighting be high-efficacy• Compact fluorescent lamps, T-8 or smaller

diameter linear fluorescent lamps

43

Recessed Lighting Fixtures

• Type IC rated, and labeled with no penetrations between the inside of the recessed fixture and ceiling cavity (sealed and caulked)

• Sealed with a gasket or caulk between housing and wall or ceiling covering

• Type IC rated, in accordance with ASTM E 283 to be an “Air-Tight” enclosure

44

• Applies to lamps in permanently installed lighting fixtures

• Requires 50% to be high-efficacy Compact Fluorescent T-8 Linear Fluorescent Lamps with a minimum

efficacy ofo 60 lumens per watt (for

lamps > 40 watts)o 50 lumens per watt (for

lamps < 15 watts) o 40 lumens per watt (for

lamps fr0m 15 to 40 watts)

Prescriptive Requirements

Lighting Equipment

45

HVAC Contractor

46

• Needs to know– Location of the thermal envelop– Is the house meeting energy by Performance

certification– Insulation levels including windows and doors

on blueprint for load calculations– The estimated air leakage rate

47

• Needs to provide– Estimated duct leakage rate– Heating and cooling load calculation using

Manual J or approved software– R-8 supply ducts in unconditioned attic unless

house is Performance Certified then R-6– R-6 for all other ducts in unconditioned

spaces– Sealed duct work that can pass duct test and

meet estimate used for load calculations

48

• Needs to provide (continued)– One programmable thermostat– Heat pump control to prevent backup heat

operation in mild weather– R-3 insulation on all piping carrying fluids over

105°F or under 55°F

49

Programmable Thermostat • At least 1 thermostat for each

separate heating and cooling system.• Programmable thermostat required when

forced-air furnace is primary heating system

Heat Pump Supplementary Heat • Controls for heat pumps with

supplementary heat

Mandatory Requirements

Controls

50

• All ducts, air handlers, filter boxes… used as ducts must be sealed

• Locate All Ductwork in Conditioned Space

OR IF ANY DUCTWORK IS IN UNCONDITIONED SPACE…

• Duct testing must be performed on the system

or

Mandatory Requirements

Ducts

51

Duct Systems Air Sealing

52

Non-Compliant

53

No return boot through floor.Consumer duct tape used on duct system

Square insert does not seal I-joist

• Seal all ducts, air handlers, filter boxes, and building cavities used as ducts.

• Seal and securely fasten all joints, transverse seams and connections with:– welds– gaskets– mastics– mastic-plus-embedded fabric systems– tapes

• Unlisted duct tape is not permitted as a sealant on any metal ducts – must be UL-181 A/B listed

Mandatory Requirements

Ducts

54

• Ventilation– Outdoor air intakes and exhausts shall have automatic or

gravity dampers that close when the ventilation system is not operating

• Equipment Sizing– Load calculations determine the proper capacity (size) of

equipment– Calculations shall be performed in accordance

with ACCA Manual S and Loads from ACCA

Manual J or other approved methods

Mandatory RequirementsMechanical Ventilation and

Equipment Sizing

55

Duct InsulationIf ducts are NOT located

within building thermalenvelope:– Supply ducts in attics:

R-8• R-6 allowed with

Performance option

– All other ducts: R-6

Building framing cavities shall not be used as supply ducts (return ducts still OK- but not recommended)

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Two Options for Checking Duct Sealing

Duct Leakage TestDuct Joint Inspection

Duct Tester

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• Needs to provide– Certification that ducts meet Postconstruction

minimum standard or• To outside - 8 cfm per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor

area serviced by that system OR• Total - 12 cfm per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area

serviced by that system

– Certification that ducts meet Rough-in minimum standard• Total - 6 cfm per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area

serviced by that system with air handler OR• Total - 4 cfm per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area

serviced by that system without air handler

59

Duct Leakage Testing Options• Duct Blaster

– Seal supply and return registers– Pressurize to 25 Pascals– Measures Total Leakage (12 cfm per 100 ft2 requirement)– Combined with Blower Door to measure Leakage to Outside (8

cfm per 100 ft2 requirement)

• Subtraction (Can not measure Total Leakage)– Seal supply and return registers– Pressurize to 25 Pacals– Difference between reading with and without sealed registers is

duct Leakage to Outside (Must meet 8 cfm option)

• Delta Q– No commercial software available

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Duct Sealing Inspector

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Inspection for duct sealing of the following:• All joints sealed with mastic

– All joints must remain visable – ??? Building Cavities used as return ducts

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Insulation/Air Sealing Contractor

63

• Needs to do normally– Sealing of all penetrations through thermal

envelop– Air blocking for all insulation if not provided by

framer– Sealing around windows (air barrier must be

provided)– Batt insulation cut to fit around an items in

cavity being insulated, wiring, pipes, etc

64

Air Sealing

65

Air permeable insulation can not be used for air sealing

402.4.1 Building Thermal EnvelopeRequires the envelope to be sealed to limit

air infiltration.Sealing methods between dissimilar

materials should all for differential expansion and contraction.

All sources of infiltration should be caulked, gasketed, weatherstripped, or otherwise sealed with an air barrier material, suitable film, or solid material.

Mandatory Requirements

Air Leakage

66

67

Air Leakage Materials Selection

Care must be taken on the selection and use of air sealing materials, such as caulk to insure they are appropriate for the application and applied in the appropriate manner.

Areas for Air Leakage (Infiltration)Need to be addressed• Site-built windows,

doors and skylights• Openings between

window/ door assemblies and their jambs/framing

• Utility penetrations• Dropped ceilings

/chases adjacent to the thermal envelope

• Knee walls

68

Areas for Air Leakage (Infiltration)Also…• Walls/ceilings

separating a garage from conditioned space

• Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls

• Common walls between dwelling units

• Attic access openings• Rim joist junction

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Air Barrier System

Some is created by the required fire and smoke blocking.

71

Batt Insulation is not an Air Barrier

Air Leakage ControlPlumbing Pipes and Vents

72

Air Leakage ControlChimney Chases

73

Plumbing Services…

74

Foam sealant must be tested to ASTM 184 for use in fire-rated assemblies

Air Leakage ControlElectrical penetrations

75

Chimney Chase Air SealingFlashing, caulk (possibly fire rated) at each sideSee IRC 1001.11

Rock wool with heavy duty aluminum foil rolled around it -- Caulk to chimney and framing

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Duct Penetrations…

77

78

Air Leakage ControlCaulking Rim Board

Seal foundation penetrations!

Foundations

79

Insulation

80

Identification

Sec. 303.1.1 Building thermal envelope insulation – Insulation installers shall provide a certificate listing type, manufacturer and R-value 81

Identification

Sec. 303.1.1.1 Blown or sprayed roof/ceiling insulation – Blown in attic floor insulation must have a depth marker for every 300 sq ft. throughout the attic space Note: Depth of blown

insulation is not a good measure of proper insulation R-value because blown insulation can be fluffed. Blown insulation bags give the manufactures coverage for a desired R-value.

82

Identification

Sec. 303.1.2 Insulation mark insulation – Insulating materials shall be installed such that the manufacturer’s R-value mark is readily observable upon inspection.

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Insulation Installation

“Cut-To-Fit!”

Right Wrong

For Wiring

Right Wrong

Electrical Boxes

84

Insulation Installation

85

Insulation Installation

86

Insulation Installation

87

Insulation Installation

NO GAPS!

88

Insulation Installation – Good Examples

89

Assumes an air barrier on the back side.

Knee Wall Insulation

90

Insulation Options for EavesWood-Framed Roof

R-38 R-30

Access Hatches and Doors

Attic Hatches– Air sealed & weatherstripped– Same insulation level as floors

around them

Vertical “Hatches” (in Kneewalls)– Also air sealed and insulation

equal to wall insulation level.

92

Insulation Note: Above Grade Walls

Insulate walls including those next to unconditioned spaces

Don’t forget to insulate rim/band

joists

93

Floors• Space can be an

unheated basement, a crawlspace or outdoor air

• Zone 4: R19

• Insulation must maintain permanent contact with underside of subfloor

• Example of poor insulation job 94

Basement Walls

Zone 4: R10 (continuous) or R13 (cavity)

- down to frost line

95

Exterior Foam

Interior Studding

Basement Walls – Good Examples

96

97

Insulating Rim Board

98

Insulating Rim Board

Insulated Crawl Space Walls

Crawl Wall Insulation: This practice eliminates the need for insulation in the raised floor above the crawl.

Crawl space may not have ventilation openings to the outside

Must be mechanically ventilated or supplied with conditioned air (1 cfm/50 sq. ft)

Crawl floor must be covered with an approved vapor retarder material

99

Crawlspace Wall Insulation

If insulating crawlspace walls

• R-10/13 (same as basement wall requirement)

Nice Job!100

Crawl Space Wall Insulation

101

Vented Crawlspace

102

Insulation Installation Inspector

103

Inspection for proper insulation installation of the following:• Continuous thermal barrier around

conditioned space• No gaps• Not compressed – fills space• Cut to fit around items in the cavity such

as wiring, pipes, etc• Insulation under a floor is supported to

maintain contact with the floor

104

Inspection for proper insulation installation of the following:• Blocking between conditioned and

unconditioned spaces– Cantilevered floor cavity– Floor cavity of bonus room over garage– Top plates exist

• Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls• Common walls between dwelling units

105

Inspection for proper insulation installation of the following:• Attic access cover

– Includes both access scuttle doors and pull down stairs

– Approximately 8 inches for rigid foam insulation for R-38

• Platform provided to any equipment in unconditioned attic space

106

Drywall Contractor

107

• Needs to know– Construction details expected to reduce air

leakage, such as:• Top plate to drywall joint detail

• Needs to do Normally– Carefully cut openings where needed– Mud gaps where larger than necessary

openings have been cut• Especially true on any openings on the ceiling

108

Air Leakage Tester

109

• Needs to provide– Certification that the house air leakage meet

the minimum standard• 7 ACH50 maximum

– Measured air leakage with estimate of natural air leakage for minimum ventilation rate considerations

110

Blower Door Test (Testing Option)

111

Air Leakage Inspector

112

Inspection for air sealing of the following:• All joints, seams and penetrations• Site-built windows, doors and skylights• Openings between window and door

assemblies and their respective jambs and framing

• Utility penetrations• Dropped ceilings or chases adjacent to the

thermal envelope

113

Inspection for air sealing of the following:• Knee walls• Walls and ceilings separating a garage

from conditioned spaces• Behind tubs and showers on exterior walls• Common walls between dwelling units• Attic access openings• Rim joint junction• Other sources of infiltration

114

PrescriptiveRequirements

(sec. 402-404)

Performance(sec. 405)

MandatoryRequirements

(sec. 301, 303, 401-403)

REScheckSoftware

(sec. 402.1.4 - UA Alternative)

Overview of MandatoryCompliance

Requirements

115Mandatory Requirements Handout

PrescriptiveRequirements

(sec. 402-404)

Performance(sec. 405)

MandatoryRequirements

(sec. 301, 303, 401-403)

REScheckSoftware

(sec. 402.1.4 - UA Alternative)

Prescriptive Compliance

Requirements

116

PrescriptiveRequirements

(sec. 402-404)

Performance(sec. 405)

MandatoryRequirements

(sec. 301, 303, 401-403)

REScheckSoftware

(sec. 402.1.4 - UA Alternative)

Complianceusing REScheck

Software

117

U-Factor and Total UA Compliance Path

(Enables REScheck Approach)• Total UA Alternative

– Same as U-factor alternative but allows trade-offs across all envelope components• Approach used in REScheck software

118

PrescriptiveRequirements

(sec. 402-404)

Performance(sec. 405)

MandatoryRequirements

(sec. 301, 303, 401-403)

REScheckSoftware

(sec. 402.1.4 - UA Alternative)

Simulated PerformanceAlternativeCompliance

119

Simulated Performance

• Requires computer software with specified capabilities (local official may approve other tools)

• Compliance path allows greatest flexibility - credits such features as:– Tight building envelope– Tight ducts (must be leak tested) or hydronic

systems– Exterior shading, favorable orientation,

thermal mass, SHGC, etc.

120

Simulated Performance Alternative

• Analysis includes– Proposed R-values/U-factors– Solar Gain– Various duct and distribution efficiencies– Service Water Heating– Infiltration – Duct tightness– Orientation

• Mandatory requirements still necessary– Sections 401, 402.4, 402.5 and 403

121

Simulated Performance Alternative

• Analysis limits on standard reference house– Limits Widows area to a maximum 15%

of condition floor area – Uses standard efficiency HVAC

equipment for both the houses– Does not credit tight houses without

mechanical ventilation

122

Calculation Procedure and Compliance Software Tools

ProposedDesign

(“Proposed Building meeting the energy code requirements”)

StandardDesign

Energy Useof Proposed Design less

than

Energy Useof Standard

Design

Energy Estimation

Tool

In KY – Most Likely Software Used will be REMRate 123

Unique Residence

• 1488 ft2, slab on grade, one story• Walls = Block with R-3 on exterior• Ceiling = R-38• Windows = U-0.35, SHGC-0.40• Slab = R-10• Air Leakage = 0.25 ACHn• HVAC system in attic

– Duct leakage = 119 cfm (8 cfm per 100 ft2)

124Will it meet 2009 IECC?

Unique ResidencePrescriptive – Fails

Wall R below requirement

UA Compliance - Passes• 2009 Code = 320.7• As Designed = 311.6

Energy Cost Compliance - Fails• 2009 Code = $1,728• As Designed = $1,766

125

HERS Rating Benefits• Provides necessary inspections,

insulation, and testing, blower door and duct leakage, to prove compliance with 2009 IECC

• Supported by many utilites• Sales tool to demonstrate house’s energy

efficiency• Energy Smart Builder designation

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