Medicinal Properties And Insecticidal Properties Of (Wild Watermelon) Citrullus colocynths (Linn.) Schrad.

IT is genarally found in farms as a weed means there is no use of this climber.

Their different part perform different medicinal properties as follow

1. Seed 2. Fruit and Fruit Pulp3. Leaves4. Root

SEED

The Seeds are rich in fatty acids such as myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids.

Citrullus oil has a good potential use as cooking oil.

The Investigation revealed that seed extract have an insulin tropic effect which show anti diabetic activities.

FRUIT AND FRUIT PULP

The fruit is pungent, a cooling purgative, antihelmetic, antipyretic and carminative.

The fruit pulp is purgative, diuretic and is used against gonorrhea.

A fruit of Citrullus colocynthis is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes, microbial diseases, ulcer, inflammation, jaundice and urinary diseases in Asian and African countries.

LEAVES The leaves exhibit anti-inflammatory

activity and are diuretic.

ROOT

INSECTICIDAL PROPERTIES

Cucurbitacin E Glycoside Isolated from Citrullus colocynthis show insecticidal effect against Aphis craccivora.

Aphis craccivora can spread viruses. After NMR and IR spectrophotometer analysis

we confirmed that the compound which isolated from Citrullus colocynthis and has insecticidal effect against Aphis craccivora was 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosylcucurbitacin E. (Torkey.H.M and Abou-Yousef,H.M.,2009)

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

METHODS - In this procedure we can use either 1st

or 2nd methods to examine antimicrobial activity

AGAR- WELL DIFFUSION METHOD. DISC DIFFUSION METHOD.

AGAR- WELL DIFFUSION METHOD

Petriplates -- 20ml medium -- 24hr culture of bacterial strains.

Wells -- 20 µl of the plant extracts added.

Incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Measure diameter of obtained

antimicrobial activity.

DIAGRAM - AGAR- WELL DIFFUSION METHOD

Bacteria growing on medium.

Zone of inhibition

Plant extract

DISC DIFFUSION METHOD

Prepare agar plates Inoculation of test microorganisms with

spread plate method Filter paper discs -- 6mm in diameter --

soaked with 15µl of the plant extract Place (and press) in agar plate but no closer

than 24 mm from each other, center to center

Incubate -- 37ºC -- 16 to 18 hours. Measure diameter of obtained antimicrobial

activity.

DIAGRAM – DISK DIFFUSION METHOD

Bacteria growing on medium.

Zone of inhibition

Filter paper disk with plant extract.

PROCEDURE

Collection and identification of plant material

Collect fresh climbing plant. Confermed by botany teacher. Expose to air till it completely dried. Preparation of extract Leaf(Citrullus colocynthis) – Dried –

Powdered – extract by soxhlate (aqueous) – concentrated by Rota evaporator – Extract prepared.

Leaf(Citrullus colocynthis) – Dried – Powdered – extract by socslate (Ethanol) – concentrated by rota evaporator – Extract pripared.

Seed = Dried–powdered- extract by socslate (aqueous) – concentrated by rota evaporator – Extract pripared.

Root = Dried–powdered- extract by socslate (aqueous) – concentrated by rota evaporator – Extract pripared.

POWDERED STEM AND LEAF…

Material - 15 Petri plates – Conical flask containing

nutrient agar – 15 suspension tubes containing saline were sterilized for further use.

Bacterial Strains – E.coli Bacillus megaterium Bacillus cereus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Streptococcus mutans

Actual Method – Pour agar (20ml) in each Petri plate Bacterial strains were poured and

spread Make well (about 6mm) in Petri plate at

center Fill the well with respective extract. Finally incubate the plates for 24 - 48

hrs

OBSERVATIONS After incubation we get a zone of

inhibition around these well. The zone of inhibition is as follow Leaves -

Bacterial Strains

Zone of inhibition Aqueous Ethanol

E.coli

Bacillus megaterium

Bacillus cereus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Streptococcus mutans

OBSERVATIONS Seed and Root –

E.coli

Bacillus megaterium

Bacillus cereus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Streptococcus mutans

Bacterial Strains

Zone of inhibition

Seed Root

RESULT –

The bitter water melon (Citrullus colocynthis) has antimicrobial (bacteria) activity.

CONCLUSION - There is a great promise for development of

novel drugs from the plant Citrullus colocynthis for dreadful human diseases.

They affects the growth of insect and degrade them so it can use in several insecticide, pesticide etc.

They have some medicinal properties i.e antidiabetic activity,

They shows the antibacterial activity which helps to inhibit the growth of bacteria which affects the plants.

REFERENCES

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