Post on 29-Jan-2016
1QQChoose only one to answer:
#1 Which two tracts are involved with fine motor control of the extremities and for facial expression?
# 2 Which brain region is most likely affected in a patient who exhibits an oscillating movement of the hand and fingers that increase in amplitude as the person attempts to touch his nose?
6 November 2009Begin Ch 12
Cardiovascular Physiology6 sections p. 359-439
2 CV labs: 1 Frog heart,
1 Human EKG and Blood Pressure
Circulatory System Circulates
• Nutrients: glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, ketones, etc• Wastes:• Hormones: bound & free
• Gases: CO2 and O2
• Formed Elements: Cells and Cell Fragments– Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes = Platelets
Other roles of the Cardiovascular System
Thermoregulation
Blood Clotting
Reproduction (ex: penile erection)
Figure 12.01Blood volume ~ 5 liters
Serum = plasma – clotting factors
Formed elements
Components……
Blood doping & erythropoietin (hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production in bone marrow) to increase hematocrit
Entering and Exiting the blood
Discontinuous capillaries in bone marrow, spleen, & liver permit erythrocytes to enter and exit blood.
Hct = percentage of blood volume occupied by RBCs
Anemia
The Scoop on Tissie
Fig. 12.02Arteries..away from heart
Veins..return to heart
Regional blood flow determined by arteries and arterioles.
Resting Cardiac Output = 5L/min for each side!
When left heart can’t pump all the blood it receives from pulmonary circuit (due to high aortic pressure and/or damage to left ventricle) blood accumulates in pulmonary circuit. This is congestive heart failure. Symptom: shortness of breath.
Figure 12.04
CO = 5L/minfor each circuit
Up to 35 L/min in strenuous exercise
What’s missing?
Microcirculation
Pulmonary circuit
Systemic Circuit
CO = 5 liters/minCO = 5 liters/min
Exchange Vessels
Resistance Vessels
Capacitance vessels
F=Q=ΔP/RFlow = Pressure gradient/Resistance
A version of Ohm’s Law (V=IR)
R = 8Lη/πr4
Q= ΔP πr4
8LηPoiseulle’s equation
Smooth muscles determine radius
Double radius … 16x flow
Half radius….1/16th flow
Radius of arterioles regulates Q to organs