1QQChoose only one to answer:

#1 Which two tracts are involved with fine motor control of the extremities and for facial expression?

# 2 Which brain region is most likely affected in a patient who exhibits an oscillating movement of the hand and fingers that increase in amplitude as the person attempts to touch his nose?

6 November 2009Begin Ch 12

Cardiovascular Physiology6 sections p. 359-439

2 CV labs: 1 Frog heart,

1 Human EKG and Blood Pressure

Circulatory System Circulates

• Nutrients: glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, ketones, etc• Wastes:• Hormones: bound & free

• Gases: CO2 and O2

• Formed Elements: Cells and Cell Fragments– Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes = Platelets

Other roles of the Cardiovascular System

Thermoregulation

Blood Clotting

Reproduction (ex: penile erection)

Figure 12.01Blood volume ~ 5 liters

Serum = plasma – clotting factors

Formed elements

Components……

Blood doping & erythropoietin (hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production in bone marrow) to increase hematocrit

Entering and Exiting the blood

Discontinuous capillaries in bone marrow, spleen, & liver permit erythrocytes to enter and exit blood.

Hct = percentage of blood volume occupied by RBCs

Anemia

The Scoop on Tissie

Fig. 12.02Arteries..away from heart

Veins..return to heart

Regional blood flow determined by arteries and arterioles.

Resting Cardiac Output = 5L/min for each side!

When left heart can’t pump all the blood it receives from pulmonary circuit (due to high aortic pressure and/or damage to left ventricle) blood accumulates in pulmonary circuit. This is congestive heart failure. Symptom: shortness of breath.

Figure 12.04

CO = 5L/minfor each circuit

Up to 35 L/min in strenuous exercise

What’s missing?

Microcirculation

Pulmonary circuit

Systemic Circuit

CO = 5 liters/minCO = 5 liters/min

Exchange Vessels

Resistance Vessels

Capacitance vessels

F=Q=ΔP/RFlow = Pressure gradient/Resistance

A version of Ohm’s Law (V=IR)

R = 8Lη/πr4

Q= ΔP πr4

8LηPoiseulle’s equation

Smooth muscles determine radius

Double radius … 16x flow

Half radius….1/16th flow

Radius of arterioles regulates Q to organs