1.Consider the following about Harrapan civilization-

1. In drainage system they followed grid pattern

2. There were no windows in the walls along the ground level.

Choose the correct answer

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1& 2

d) none

• Ans-C

DRAINAGE SYSTEM• One of the most distinctive

features of Harappan cities was the carefully planned drainage system.

• If we look at the plan of the Lower Town we notice that roads and streets were laid out along an approximate “grid” pattern, intersecting at right angles.

• It seems that streets with drains were laid out first and then houses built along them.

DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE• The Lower Town at Mohenjodaro

provides examplesof residential buildings.

• Many were centred on a courtyard, with rooms on all sides.

• The courtyard was probably the centre of activities such as cooking and weaving, particularly during hot and dry weather.

• What is also interesting is an apparentconcern for privacy: there are no windows in the walls along the ground level.

• Besides, the main entrance does not give a direct view of the interior or the courtyard.

2. Consider the following facts about Md Bin Tughlaq-

1. He celebrated Holy in his court

2. He was the first king in the world to issue Token currency

Choose the correct answer

a) Only 1

b) Only 2

c) Both 1& 2

d) none

• Ans-A

•MBT was a very attractive character in the history of medieval India for his innovative schemes & policies

Muhammad bin Tughlaq (1325-1351)

Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the only Delhi Sultan who had

received a comprehensive literary, religious and philosophical

education.

• Nobility was subjugatedMonarchical Despotism

• he didn’t allow the ulemas to dominate politico-administrative matters

• Celebration of Holy in his court

• Jain scholar Jaina Prabhu Suri was his close friend

Secular character

• he appointed the officials on the basis of merit

• Creation of heterogeneous nobility

• Non-Turks foreigners, Indian Muslims, non-Muslims were appointed in topmost posts

Politico-administrative system was based on meritocracy

• Direct rule over Peninsular India

Strong imperialism

• He maintained diplomatic relations with far off countries like Egypt, China and Iran.

International Relations

TOKEN CURRENCY EXPERIMENT-1329

1. A token currency was made of bronze /copper was introduced by Md.Bin Tughlaq having the face value of Gold & Silver coins

2. It was not an outcome of any economic compulsion ,outcome of Sultan’s innovative mind

3. It was not an idea ahead of its time because it was already in circulation in China & Persia

Token Currency

Full Bodied Coin

• Face Value ≤ Intrinsic Value

Token Coin• Face Value > Intrinsic Value

4. Which of following/followings are the reason behind the capital transfer of Md Bin Tughlaq

1. Daulatabad was located at the middle of the empire

2. Md Bin Tughlaq wanted to rule over peninsula India directly

3. Daulatabad was free from possible Mongol invasions

Choose the correct one-

a. 1 only b. 2 & 3 c. 1 & 3 d. all of them

• Ans-D

Transfer of Capital-1327-28• From Delhi to Daulatabad

• Initially the royal ladies & other family members were sent to Daulatabad in 1327

• After some time other residents of Delhi were asked to move

2. In reality capital transfer was carried out to develop an alternate capital

A. Daulatabad was located in the middle of the empire – almost equal distant from every corner

B. Policy of direct rule over peninsular India

C. Delhi was regularly threatened by Mongols

D. Capital Daulatabad was safe from possible Mongol invasion

4.Arrange the advents of European powers in India chronologically –1. Dutch2. Portuguese3. British4. Danes5. Frencha) 23541b) 21345c) 12345d) 14253

• Correct answer – B

5. The Regulating Act of 1773 is of great importance because

1. It gave the East India company diwani rights over British Indian territory.

2. 2. It was the first step taken by the British Government to control and regulate the affairs of the East India Company in India. Which of the above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. None

• Correct Answer : B

Background

• The East India Company was in severe financial crisis and had asked a loan of 1 million pounds from the British government in 1772.

• Allegations of corruption and nepotism were rampant against company officials.

• There was a terrible famine in Bengal where a huge population perished.

• The Dual form of administration instituted by Robert Clive was complex and drawing a lot of complaints. According to this system, the company had Diwani rights (obtained after the Battle of Buxar) in Bengal and the Nawab had Nizamatrights (judicial and policing rights) as secured from the Mughal Emperor. In reality, both powers were vested with the company. The farmers and the general population suffered as their improvement was neglected and the company was only concerned with maximising revenue.

• Lawlessness increased in Bengal.

• The defeat of the company against Mysore’s Hyder Ali in 1769.

• Provisions of The Regulating Act

• This act permitted the company to retain its territorial possessions in India but sought to regulate the activities and functioning of the company. It did not take over power completely, hence called ‘regulating’.

• The act provided for appointment of a Governor-General along with four Councillors in the Presidency of Fort William (Calcutta), jointly called the Governor-General in Council.

• As per this, Warren Hastings was appointed as the Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William.

• The Governors in Councils at Madras and Bombay were brought under the control of Bengal, especially in matters of foreign policy. Now, they could not wage war against Indian states without Bengal’s approval.

• The company directors were elected for a period of five years and one-fourth of them were to retire every year. Also, they could not be re-elected.

• The company directors were directed to make public all correspondence on revenue, civil and military matters with Indian authorities before the British authorities.

• A Supreme Court of Judicature was established at Calcutta with Sir Elijah Impey as the first Chief Justice. Judges were to come from England. It had civil and criminal jurisdiction over the British subjects and not Indian natives.