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APUSH AgendaMr. Jackson

Walsingham Academy

Period 6: 1865-1898

Central Theme• The transformation of the United States from

an agricultural to an increasingly industrialized and urbanized society brought about significant economic, political, diplomatic, social, environmental, and cultural changes

[from APUSH new curricular framework]

Timeline• 1855: Henry Bessemer develops a process that produces steel quicker and cheaper• 1859: America’s first oil well is struck in Titusville, PA• 1861: Civil War erupts • 1862: Passage of the Homestead Act and the Pacific Railroads Act• 1865: Civil War ends; Reconstruction begins• 1869: Completion of the first transcontinental railroad line at Promontory Point,

Utah• 1876: Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone; Edison develops the first

incandescent light bulb• 1877: Reconstruction ends; The Great Railroad Strike erupts• 1881: Completion of the second transcontinental railroad line• 1882: John D. Rockefeller organizes the Standard Oil Trust; Congress passes Chinese

Exclusion Act• 1886: Haymarket incident in Chicago, Ill; AFL is organized• 1892: Homestead Strike in Pittsburgh, PA• 1894: Pullman Strike• 1901: J.P. Morgan creates U.S steel Corporation

Today’s Focus Question

How can we understand, appreciate, but also critically analyze the roles played by leading

entrepreneurs during the post-Civil War industrial era?

Key Themes

• Rockefeller and the Oil Trust• Carnegie and the Steel Industry• The Rise of Finance and J.P. Morgan• Sears and Roebuck and the Mail-Order

Industry

Homework

Identify• John D. Rockefeller• Standard Oil Trust• Andrew Carnegie• J.P. Morgan• Sears, Roebuck and Co.

Due in class tomorrow (HW grade)

Identifications should seek to explain the significance of a term. Use the questions below to help you:1. Why is this

person/act/movement/thing important in American history?

2. What does this symbolize in American history?

Primary Sources

1. “Progress and Poverty” (1879) by Henry George2. “The Gospel of Wealth” (1889) by Andrew Carnegie

(posted on SPA)

*Due on Friday, January 9 (Analysis grade – 15pts) • Answer all three questions after each excerpt

– 1 point each• Answer the three questions under “Questions for

Further Thought”– 3 points each

APUSH Themes

• Identity• Work, Exchange and Technology• Peopling• Politics and Power• America in the World• Environment – physical and human• Ideas, Beliefs, Culture

Supplemental Slides

New Type of Business Entities1. Pool

1887 Interstate Commerce Act Interstate Commerce Commission created.

2. Trust John D. Rockefeller

Standard Oil Co.

Standard Oil Co.

New Type of Business Entities

2. Trust: Horizontal Integration John D.

Rockefeller Vertical Integration:

o Gustavus Swift Meat-packingo Andrew Carnegie U. S. Steel

New Type of Business Entities

The Protectors of Our Industries

The ‘Bosses’ of the Senate

The ‘Robber Barons’ of the Past

The Gospel of Wealth:Religion in the Era of

Industrialization

Russell H. Conwell

$ Wealth no longer looked upon as bad.

$ Viewed as a sign of God’s approval.

$ Christian duty to accumulate wealth.

$ Should not help the poor.

“On Wealth”

Andrew Carnegie

$ The Anglo-Saxon race is superior.

$ “Gospel of Wealth” (1901).

$ Inequality is inevitable and good.

$ Wealthy should act as “trustees” for their “poorer brethren.”

Regulating the Trusts1877 Munn. v. IL

1886 Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. IL

1890 Sherman Antitrust Act in “restraint of trade” “rule of reason” loophole

1895 US v. E. C. Knight Co.