Post on 25-Dec-2015
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Chapter Seventeen
Responding to Emergencies
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Creating an Emergency Management Plan
Identify community resources Consider specific site characteristics Plan for special needs Assemble emergency supplies Post emergency procedures Conduct medical emergency drills
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Special Need Responses
– Glucagon for children with diabetes– Epinephrine autoinjectors (EpiPens) for children with
sensitive allergies– Special response for children with seizure disorders– Emergency response for children with specific
developmental concerns
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
What if…
A child in your class is allergic to bees?
What extra items would you make sure were in your first aid kit?
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Managing Emergencies
Emergency assistance is protected by law if:
The help is a volunteer act The person receiving the help does not object The actions of the helper are in good faith to provide
emergency care
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Teacher’s Role in Emergencies
Every teacher should know: Who will call for emergency assistance Who will provide emergency care and stay with the child Who will supervise the remaining children Who will contact the child’s parent or other authorized adult How responsibility for the injured child will be transferred to the
parent or other authorized adult Who will document and report the emergency to the program
director or principal, if appropriate
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Assessing for Injuries
Scan the physical environment for signs that may have contributed.
Observe child’s physical appearance.– Is the child breathing?– Is the child bleeding?– Is the child’s body distorted?
Notice how child is responding.– Is the child moving?– Is the child crying?– Does the child respond when spoken to?
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Universal Precautions
Wear gloves at all accidents involving blood or any other body fluids containing visible signs of blood.
Use a one-way mask when offering rescue breathing. Watch for sharp objects, electricity, toxic fumes, and other
hazards at the site of the accident. Use appropriate hand washing when providing medical
assistance. Dispose of contaminated materials appropriately.
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Administering First Aid
First aid has three primary goals:
To preserve life To avoid additional injury To assist with recovery
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Steps to Emergency First Aid
1. Call out to the child.
2. Call for medical assistance.
3. Address nearby dangers.
4. Address breathing.
5. Stop the bleeding.
6. Treat for shock.
7. Stay with the child at all times.
8. Speak calmly and reassure the child.
9. Provide the child’s medical information to emergency personnel.
10. Call the child’s parent or guardian.
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Handling Falls
Do not move the child. Check the child to ensure the airway is open and the
child is breathing. Notice the height of the fall and the surface on which
the child landed. Review the child for potential head injury or broken
bones. Treat minor wounds with basic first aid.
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Handling Head Injuries
Lay the child down, positioning the head higher than the feet.
Observe the child’s eyes, looking for unnaturally dilated pupils.
Notice if the child is disoriented. Keep the child calm.
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Handling Stopped Breathing: Opening the Airway
If airway is blocked: Lay the child on a flat surface. Lift the child’s chin, letting the head tip back naturally.
For infants: Lay the baby on a flat surface. Lift the baby’s chin and gently press back on the forehead to tip
the baby’s head back naturally.
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Handling Stopped Breathing: Rescue Breathing
Keeping the child’s chin tilted upward, gently pinch the nose closed to ensure that air is guided into the child’s lungs.
Lay a one-way mask across the child’s mouth and offer one rescue breath per second for 5 seconds. At each breath the rise in the chest should be visible.
For infants, cover the nose and mouth . Give small rescue breaths by offering a puff-breath or small “mouthful” of air. Then check for circulation.
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Handling Stopped Breathing: When Airway is Obstructed
Give five back blows. Have the child bend over at the waste. Using the heel of the hand, give five blows to the child’s back between the shoulder blades.
Give five abdominal thrusts. Use the Heimlich maneuver:– Kneel behind the child.– Wrap arms around the child’s waist.– Make a fist with one hand over the other.– Position the hands just above the navel.– Press hard giving five quick sharp thrusts inward and upward.– Repeat blows and thrusts until the object is dislodged.
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Handling Stopped Breathing: Clearing Airway for Infants
Sit down. Rest your forearm on your lap. Place the infant along your forearm, facedown.
Give five back thumps. Using the heel of your hand, thump the infant firmly but gently five times on the middle of the back. Check to see if the item has been dislodged. If not, give compressions.
Give five quick chest compressions. Turn the child face up on your forearm keeping the head lower than the body. If the airway is still blocked, use two fingers to give five quick chest compressions.
Repeat. If breathing does not resume, begin Infant CPR. Continue until emergency personnel arrive.
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Handling Stopped Breathing: CPR for No Pulse or Circulation
Place the child on a hard surface such as the floor or table. Kneel over the child, placing the heel of one hand at the midpoint of
the child’s breast. Keeping the elbows locked, apply 30 downward compressions using
the weight of the whole body. Press inward about 2 inches at a rate of one compression per second. Then give two rescue breaths.
Repeat this cycle for 2 minutes. If you are alone. Continue the compression and breathing cycle until emergency help
arrives.
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Handling Stopped Breathing: CPR for Infants
Lay the baby on a hard surface. Use two fingers to give compressions to the depth of one-
half to one-third the depth of the breast. Give 30 compressions at a quick rate (about two per
second) and two rescue breaths. Repeat this cycle for 2 minutes. Continue the compression and breathing cycle until help
arrives.
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Handling Nosebleeds
Have the child sit down and lean forward.
Use a sterile gauze pad to pinch the nose between the thumb and index finger. Have the child breathe through the mouth.
Hold this position for 20 minutes or until bleeding stops.
Seek medical help if the nosebleed is the result of an injury to the head or if bleeding lasts longer than 20 minutes.
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Handling Anaphylactic Shock
Signs: Hives that spread, swelling of the eyes or mouth, difficulty breathing and
talking, dizziness or mental confusion, abdominal cramping, nausea, and vomiting.
Treatment: Call 911 immediately. Administer epinephrine injection (EpiPen). Lay the child down on her or his back. Do not offer any food or drink. Monitor the child carefully. If breathing stops, administer CPR.
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Handling Bites
Seek medical help if: – A human bit.– The bite is caused by an animal with unknown
immunization for rabies.– Signs of a serious spider bite are observed.
Apply direct pressure to the wound. Wash bite area with soap and water. Apply a clean bandage.
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Handling Burns
Seek medical assistance for any burn on an infant. For toddlers and older children, seek medical help if the burned area is
larger than 3 inches in diameter or if the burn is on the hands, feet, face, groin, or buttocks, over a major joint, or if signs of infection appear.
Cool the burned area under cool running water for 5 minutes. Do not use ice. Do not pop any blisters. Do not apply oils or ointment; let dry naturally. Cover with a light dry sterile gauze bandage. Monitor breathing and treat for shock as needed.
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Handling Drowning
Remove the child from the water without endangering self. Check to see if the airway is open. Begin rescue breathing as soon as possible. Conduct CPR if the child’s heart is not beating. Keep the child warm and treat for hypothermia and shock. Don’t give up. Some children have been successfully
resuscitated after being in cold water for up to an hour. Seek medical help as soon as possible.
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Types of Disasters
Natural disasters (hurricanes, tornadoes, etc.)
Technological disasters (loss of electricity, fires, etc.)
Attacks and threats to personal safety (bomb threats, kidnapping, etc.)
Health emergencies (disease epidemics, flu illnesses, etc.)
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
Taking Action in Disaster Emergencies
Remain calm Review the facility for danger Provide first aid for any injury Listen to the radio for reports and guidance Decide whether to take shelter, lock down, or evacuate Take action
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Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador
What if…
You effectively managed an emergency in your classroom?
How would you explain the events to the families?