17-1 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young...

17-1© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1eSorte, Daeschel, Amador

Chapter Seventeen

Responding to Emergencies




Creating an Emergency Management Plan

Identify community resources Consider specific site characteristics Plan for special needs Assemble emergency supplies Post emergency procedures Conduct medical emergency drills




Special Need Responses

– Glucagon for children with diabetes– Epinephrine autoinjectors (EpiPens) for children with

sensitive allergies– Special response for children with seizure disorders– Emergency response for children with specific

developmental concerns




What if…

A child in your class is allergic to bees?

What extra items would you make sure were in your first aid kit?




Managing Emergencies

Emergency assistance is protected by law if:

The help is a volunteer act The person receiving the help does not object The actions of the helper are in good faith to provide

emergency care




Teacher’s Role in Emergencies

Every teacher should know: Who will call for emergency assistance Who will provide emergency care and stay with the child Who will supervise the remaining children Who will contact the child’s parent or other authorized adult How responsibility for the injured child will be transferred to the

parent or other authorized adult Who will document and report the emergency to the program

director or principal, if appropriate




Assessing for Injuries

Scan the physical environment for signs that may have contributed.

Observe child’s physical appearance.– Is the child breathing?– Is the child bleeding?– Is the child’s body distorted?

Notice how child is responding.– Is the child moving?– Is the child crying?– Does the child respond when spoken to?




Universal Precautions

Wear gloves at all accidents involving blood or any other body fluids containing visible signs of blood.

Use a one-way mask when offering rescue breathing. Watch for sharp objects, electricity, toxic fumes, and other

hazards at the site of the accident. Use appropriate hand washing when providing medical

assistance. Dispose of contaminated materials appropriately.




Administering First Aid

First aid has three primary goals:

To preserve life To avoid additional injury To assist with recovery




Steps to Emergency First Aid

1. Call out to the child.

2. Call for medical assistance.

3. Address nearby dangers.

4. Address breathing.

5. Stop the bleeding.

6. Treat for shock.

7. Stay with the child at all times.

8. Speak calmly and reassure the child.

9. Provide the child’s medical information to emergency personnel.

10. Call the child’s parent or guardian.




Handling Falls

Do not move the child. Check the child to ensure the airway is open and the

child is breathing. Notice the height of the fall and the surface on which

the child landed. Review the child for potential head injury or broken

bones. Treat minor wounds with basic first aid.




Handling Head Injuries

Lay the child down, positioning the head higher than the feet.

Observe the child’s eyes, looking for unnaturally dilated pupils.

Notice if the child is disoriented. Keep the child calm.




Handling Stopped Breathing: Opening the Airway

If airway is blocked: Lay the child on a flat surface. Lift the child’s chin, letting the head tip back naturally.

For infants: Lay the baby on a flat surface. Lift the baby’s chin and gently press back on the forehead to tip

the baby’s head back naturally.




Handling Stopped Breathing: Rescue Breathing

Keeping the child’s chin tilted upward, gently pinch the nose closed to ensure that air is guided into the child’s lungs.

Lay a one-way mask across the child’s mouth and offer one rescue breath per second for 5 seconds. At each breath the rise in the chest should be visible.

For infants, cover the nose and mouth . Give small rescue breaths by offering a puff-breath or small “mouthful” of air. Then check for circulation.




Handling Stopped Breathing: When Airway is Obstructed

Give five back blows. Have the child bend over at the waste. Using the heel of the hand, give five blows to the child’s back between the shoulder blades.

Give five abdominal thrusts. Use the Heimlich maneuver:– Kneel behind the child.– Wrap arms around the child’s waist.– Make a fist with one hand over the other.– Position the hands just above the navel.– Press hard giving five quick sharp thrusts inward and upward.– Repeat blows and thrusts until the object is dislodged.




Handling Stopped Breathing: Clearing Airway for Infants

Sit down. Rest your forearm on your lap. Place the infant along your forearm, facedown.

Give five back thumps. Using the heel of your hand, thump the infant firmly but gently five times on the middle of the back. Check to see if the item has been dislodged. If not, give compressions.

Give five quick chest compressions. Turn the child face up on your forearm keeping the head lower than the body. If the airway is still blocked, use two fingers to give five quick chest compressions.

Repeat. If breathing does not resume, begin Infant CPR. Continue until emergency personnel arrive.




Handling Stopped Breathing: CPR for No Pulse or Circulation

Place the child on a hard surface such as the floor or table. Kneel over the child, placing the heel of one hand at the midpoint of

the child’s breast. Keeping the elbows locked, apply 30 downward compressions using

the weight of the whole body. Press inward about 2 inches at a rate of one compression per second. Then give two rescue breaths.

Repeat this cycle for 2 minutes. If you are alone. Continue the compression and breathing cycle until emergency help

arrives.




Handling Stopped Breathing: CPR for Infants

Lay the baby on a hard surface. Use two fingers to give compressions to the depth of one-

half to one-third the depth of the breast. Give 30 compressions at a quick rate (about two per

second) and two rescue breaths. Repeat this cycle for 2 minutes. Continue the compression and breathing cycle until help

arrives.




Handling Nosebleeds

Have the child sit down and lean forward.

Use a sterile gauze pad to pinch the nose between the thumb and index finger. Have the child breathe through the mouth.

Hold this position for 20 minutes or until bleeding stops.

Seek medical help if the nosebleed is the result of an injury to the head or if bleeding lasts longer than 20 minutes.




Handling Anaphylactic Shock

Signs: Hives that spread, swelling of the eyes or mouth, difficulty breathing and

talking, dizziness or mental confusion, abdominal cramping, nausea, and vomiting.

Treatment: Call 911 immediately. Administer epinephrine injection (EpiPen). Lay the child down on her or his back. Do not offer any food or drink. Monitor the child carefully. If breathing stops, administer CPR.




Handling Bites

Seek medical help if: – A human bit.– The bite is caused by an animal with unknown

immunization for rabies.– Signs of a serious spider bite are observed.

Apply direct pressure to the wound. Wash bite area with soap and water. Apply a clean bandage.




Handling Burns

Seek medical assistance for any burn on an infant. For toddlers and older children, seek medical help if the burned area is

larger than 3 inches in diameter or if the burn is on the hands, feet, face, groin, or buttocks, over a major joint, or if signs of infection appear.

Cool the burned area under cool running water for 5 minutes. Do not use ice. Do not pop any blisters. Do not apply oils or ointment; let dry naturally. Cover with a light dry sterile gauze bandage. Monitor breathing and treat for shock as needed.




Handling Drowning

Remove the child from the water without endangering self. Check to see if the airway is open. Begin rescue breathing as soon as possible. Conduct CPR if the child’s heart is not beating. Keep the child warm and treat for hypothermia and shock. Don’t give up. Some children have been successfully

resuscitated after being in cold water for up to an hour. Seek medical help as soon as possible.




Types of Disasters

Natural disasters (hurricanes, tornadoes, etc.)

Technological disasters (loss of electricity, fires, etc.)

Attacks and threats to personal safety (bomb threats, kidnapping, etc.)

Health emergencies (disease epidemics, flu illnesses, etc.)




Taking Action in Disaster Emergencies

Remain calm Review the facility for danger Provide first aid for any injury Listen to the radio for reports and guidance Decide whether to take shelter, lock down, or evacuate Take action




What if…

You effectively managed an emergency in your classroom?

How would you explain the events to the families?

17-1 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young...

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Transcript of 17-1 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young...