Post on 18-Sep-2018
First let us discuss a possiblealternative Explanation for theA l ti f th E iAcceleration of the Expansion.
• Is it allowed to average the universe over 500 Mpc to otain a homogeneous universe?500 Mpc to otain a homogeneous universe?
• Does such an averaged universe develope in the same way as a inhomogeneous universethe same way as a inhomogeneous universe with Galaxy Walls and Voids ( empty holes) d d f d ?and averaged afterwards?
Is the accelerating expansionan Illusion?
D id L Wil hi C i l k i i d• David L. Wiltshire: „Cosmic clocks, cosmic variance and cosmic average“ New Jounal of Physics 9 (22. October 2007) 377‐4402007) 377 440
• David L. Wiltshire: „Exact Solution of the Averaging Problem in Cosmology“ Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (21. December gy y (2007) 251101.
• Thomas Buchert: „Dark Energy from Structure“ arXiv: astro‐ph/0707.2153; 3. December 2007.
• Earlier papers of Kolb, Wiltshire and Leith:• B M N Carter Leith Wiltshire et al :“Type Ia supernovae tests of fractal bubble• B. M. N. Carter, Leith, Wiltshire et al. : Type Ia supernovae tests of fractal bubble
universe with no cosmic acceleration“ arXiv: astro‐ph/0504192v3• Many opposing papers.
Popular article in the January 2008 issue ofp y„Sterne und Weltraum“ with the title:
I t di D kl E i„Ist die Dunkle Energie nur eine Fata Morgana“eine Fata Morgana .
This article does not point out, that thepeffect is mainly due to the different
expansion velocities in the Galaxy Wallsexpansion velocities in the Galaxy Walls and in the Voids.
1. Clocks run slower in Galaxy Walls ythan in the Voids (empty space).
GPS (Naviga.):
Bewegte Uhren 1mal Effekt must glangsamer, Spezielle Relativitätsth
Effekt must be included in Navigation‐ Relativitätsth.
Kleineres Schwerefeld 3mal
Navigation‐Systems
schneller, Allgemeine Relativitätsth.Relativitätsth.
The light of the sun is redshifted due to this effect.
Am Rande eines Schwarzen Loches ist dasAm Rande eines Schwarzen Loches ist das Gravitationsfeld so stark, dass die Uhren für einen äußeren Beobachter still stehen.
Dunkle Materie: Weak Lensing Effekt(Simon White, MPI München)Dunkle Materie: Weak Lensing Effekt
Effekt wurde gefunden
Galaxien erscheinen vorzugsweise entlang der
Filamente orientiert
Void Fraction f and Clock Rate γ γin the Voids (Wiltshire).
z = 1: originof solar system
0.75 Billion years after BB
Observers are sitting in the l ll l k lGalaxy‐Walls: Clocks go slower in
Galaxies than in VoidsGalaxies than in Voids.
At Decoupling 400 000 years f h l kafter BB the clocks were running synchronized. running synchronized. But now the clocks in l i t d dgalaxies are retarded.
2 Acceleration Equation requests2. Acceleration Equation requests Deceleration without CosmologicalDeceleration without Cosmological
Term in Walls.
No Deceleration in Voids !!!
Expansion slowed down in GalaxyWalls, but expansion goes on with
almost the same elocit in the Voidsalmost the same velocity in the Voids.• Till ~ 60 000 years after Big Bang: RadiationTill 60 000 years after Big Bang: Radiation dominated; no structure formation byclumping.clumping.
• 60 000 years till 9 Billion years after Big Bang: Matter dominated; structure formation afterMatter dominated; structure formation after decoupling 400 000 years after BB, clumping.
f• 8 Billion years after Big Bang till today: Voiddominated (instead Dark Energy dominated).
Inhomogeneous Expansion in Walls and Voids
) Average Expan
tor a
(t)
In WallsIn Voids
Average Expan.
alefact
Sca
Z itZeit
nowWallBig Bang Now Voids
Amand Fäßler 10. Kosmologie: Inflationärees Universum
14*109 yBig Bang
21*1021 y
Wiltshire et al: Simplified Modelof Voids and Walls of Galaxies
• New parameters• New parameters:• Hubble Constant: 62 km/(sec*Mpc)instead of 71 km/(sec*Mpc)
• Age of Univ.: 14.7 Billion years in „walls“ andg y „21 Billion years in „voids“instead of 13.7 Billion yearsinstead of 13.7 Billion years
• Dark Matter 75 %; Baryonic Matter 25 % (Big Bang Nucleosynthesis 4% Matter)(Big Bang Nucleosynthesis 4% Matter)
• No Dark Energy
Large majority still favors the Lambda Cold Dark Matter Model (ΛCDM).
Contra Niayesh Afshordi/Smithsonian Center HavardContra ‐ Niayesh Afshordi/Smithsonian Center, Havard:On the averaged scale of 200 Mpc needed, the densitydiffers in Walls and Voids just 0 001 % (measured bydiffers in Walls and Voids just 0.001 % (measured bygravity bends of light); too small.
Pro – Syksy Rasanen/CERN:From 2 degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey“ theFrom „2‐degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey thedifference is larger, but still only 20% of the neededdifference between Walls and Voidsdifference between Walls and Voids.
ρ d ~ 1/a4 ρM ~ 1/a3 ρΛ ~ const
log(ρ)
ρrad 1/a ρM 1/a ρΛ const.
Nukleosynth. < aeq
ρM
aeq
present
Nukleosynth. < aeqaeq < Entkopplung < present
ρR
ρΛ
present
-4 0log(a)
4 0
Radiation ‐> Matter ‐> Dark Energy (Voids?)~ 60 000 y; 8*109 y after BB