Post on 25-Dec-2015
1
This file reviews materials in Exercises 17-19 & prepares you for the lab practical#4.
by Dr. Shaw, Zoology 251 Lab Coordinator, x7176; donalds@utm.edu
In this file, required structures are highlighted, checked, or specified,
sometimes in different colors.
Cauda equina (spinal nerves past conus
medullaris)
C1
C7
S5
Col
L5
T12
Cervical enlargement
Dural sheath
See next slide (a brow-up image)
Lumbar enlargement
Conus medullaris (where the spinal cord ends)
Filum terminale (pia mater that connects to the
coccyx)
Sacral spinal nerves (5)
Lumbar spinal nerves (5)
Thoracic spinal nerves (12)
Cervical spinal nerves (8)
3
The spinal cord, posterior aspect
Coccygeal nerve (1)
C1
C7
S5
Col
L5
T12
Cervical enlargement
Dural sheath
See next slide (a brow-up image)
Lumbar enlargement
Sacral spinal nerves (5)
Lumbar spinal nerves (5)
Thoracic spinal nerves (12)
Cervical spinal nerves (8)
4
The spinal cord, posterior aspect
Coccygeal nerve (1)
Practice
Gray matter:White matter:
Anterior median fissure
Dorsal horn (containing interneurons)
Lateral column/funiculus
Gray commissureVentral column/funiculus
Central canalDorsal column/funiculus
Dorsal root ganglion
Spinal nerve
Lateral horn
Ventral horn
Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater
Dorsal root of spinal nerve
Posterior median sulcus
Ventral rootof spinal nerve
5
The spinal cord and meninges
White matter:
Lateral column/funiculus
Ventral column/funiculus
Dorsal column/funiculus
Spinal nerve
Dorsal root of spinal nerve
Ventral rootof spinal nerve
6
The spinal cord; ID the indicated structures
Practice
Fat in epidural space
Spinous process of vertebra
Spinal nerve
Dorsal root ganglion
Spinal cord
Denticulate ligament
Subarachnoid space
Posterior
Anterior
Meninges:
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Vertebral body
The spinal cord and vertebra (cervical)
7
Fat in epidural space
Spinous process of vertebra
Spinal nerve
Spinal cord
Subarachnoid space
Posterior
Anterior
Vertebral body
The spinal cord and vertebra; ID the indicated structures
8Practice
Ducts
Nostril
Lacrimal punctum
Lacrimal canaliculi
Nasolacrimal duct
Lacrimal gland
Lacrimal sac
Inferior meatusof nasal cavity
The lacrimal apparatus; the arrows indicate the flow of tears (containing lysozyme)
10
Ducts
Nostril
Inferior meatusof nasal cavity
The lacrimal apparatus; the arrows indicate the flow of tears (containing lysozyme)
11Practice
Eyebrow
Eyelashes
Pupil
Iris
Sclera
Tarsal plate
Superciliaryridge
Palpebralfissure
Lateralcommissure
Superiorpalpebralsulcus
Uppereyelid
Medialcommissure
Lower eyelid (Palpebrae)
Inferiorpalpebralsulcus
12
Eyebrow
Eyelashes
Tarsal plate
Superciliaryridge
Palpebralfissure
Lateralcommissure
Superiorpalpebralsulcus
Uppereyelid
Medialcommissure
Inferiorpalpebralsulcus
13Practice
Superior oblique
Superior rectus
Lateral rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior oblique
Inferior rectus
Trochlea
Optic nerve
Extrinsic muscles of the eye, lateral view, and their controlling cranial nerves
Controlling cranial nerves:
VI, abducens
III, oculomotor
III, oculomotor
III, oculomotor
III, oculomotor
IV, trochlear
14
Trochlea
Optic nerve
ID extrinsic muscles of the eye and their respective controlling cranial nerves
Controlling cranial nerves:
15Practice
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Abducens nerve (VI)
Superioroblique
Lateralrectus
Levator palpebraesuperioris muscle
Superior rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique
Extrinsic muscles of the eye, frontal view, and their controlling cranial nerves
16
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Abducens nerve (VI)
Levator palpebraesuperioris muscle
Extrinsic muscles of the eye, frontal view, and their controlling cranial nerves
17Practice
Suspensory ligament
Ciliary body
Conjunctiva
Iris
Pupil
Lens
Cornea
Aqueous humor
Vitreous humor
Blood vessels
Optic disc (blind spot)
Optic nerve
Fovea centralis
Sclera
Retina
Choroid
Extrinsic eyemuscle
18
Ciliary body:
Suspensoryligament
Posterior cavitycontaining
vitreous humor
Posteriorchamber
Anteriorchamber
Anteriorcavity containing aqueous humor
Iris
Canal of Schlemm
20
Ciliary muscle
Ciliary process
Lens
Production and reabsorption of aqueous humor
Ciliary body:
Posteriorchamber
Anteriorchamber
Anteriorcavity containing aqueous humor
21
Production and reabsorption of aqueous humor
Practice
Fovea centralis
Optic disc (blind spot; exit of optic nerve)
Venule
Arteriole
Macula lutea
Anatomical features of the rear of the eye
22
Dissected sheep eye
Required structures are in bold. 1—Cornea; 2– Sclera; 3– Optic nerve; 4– Iris; 5—Pupil; 6– Ora serrata; 7– Ciliary body; 8– Choroid; 9—Tapetum lucidum; 10—Retina; 11– Lens; 12—Vitreous humor
24
Dissected sheep eye
Required structures are in bold. 1— ________ ; 2– _________; 3– __________;
4– ________; 5— _________; 6– Ora serrata; 7– ______________; 8– ___________;
9— _____________; 10—__________; 11– _________; 12—____________________
25Practice
Back of eye
Front of eye
Sclera
Choroid
Pigment epithelium
Rods and cones (nuclei)
Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells
25 µm
Rods and cones (outersegments)
Nerve fibers to optic nerve
Vitreous humor
Histology of the retina
26
Rod
Cone
Photoreceptors:
Horizontal cell
Bipolar cell
Amacrine cell
Ganglion cell
Nerve fibers (to optic nerve)
Direction of light
Back of eye
Pigment epithelium
Transmissionof cone signals in red
Transmissionof rod signals in blue
Schematic of the retina
28
Photoreceptors:
Horizontal cell
Amacrine cell
Nerve fibers (to optic nerve)
Direction of light
Back of eye
Transmissionof cone signals in red
Transmissionof rod signals in blue
Schematic of the retina
29Practice
Outer ear Middle ear Inner ear
Helix
Stapes
Incus
Malleus
Ossicles:
Auricle
Lobule
Semicircular ducts (canals)
Cochlear nerve
Cochlea
Round window
Auditory tube
Oval window
Vestibular nerve
Vestibule
Tympanic cavity
Tensor tympanimuscle
TympanicMembrane (ear drum)
Ear Canal (external acoustic meatus)
Internal anatomy of the ear
31
Outer ear Middle ear Inner ear
Semicircular ducts (canals)
The ear; ID the indicated structures
32Practice
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
Scala media (Cochlear duct)
Utricle
Ampulla
Posterior
Anterior
Semicircular ducts:Dura mater
Saccule
Lateral
Endolymphaticsac
Vestibule:
Secondary tympanic membrane
in round window
Stapesin oval window
Tympanicmembrane
Temporal bone
Cochlea:
39
Bony & Membranous labyrinths—perilymph (green) & endolymph (blue)
Ampulla
Posterior
Anterior
Semicircular ducts:Dura mater
Lateral
Endolymphaticsac
Vestibule:
Cochlea:
40
Bony & Membranous labyrinths—perilymph (green) & endolymph (blue)
Practice
Oval window
Cochlear nerve
Vestibularmembrane
Cochlear duct(Scala media)
45
Anatomy of the cochlear, vertical section
Next slide
Spiral ganglion
Scala vestibuli(with perilymph)
Scala tympani(with perilymph)
Vestibularmembrane
Cochlear duct(with endolymph)
Tectorial membrane
Spiral organ of Corti
Basilar membrane
47
Section through one turn of cochlear
Next slide
Tectorialmembrane
Stereovilli of hair cellsOuterhair cellsSupportingcells
Basilarmembrane
Inner haircell
Fibers ofcochlear nerve
49
Enlargement of spiral organ of Corti