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The Great Global ConvergenceThe Great Global Convergence

1400 – 1800 C.E.1400 – 1800 C.E.

Unit 5Unit 5

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What was global convergence?What was global convergence?Converge means to come together.

Change accelerated when people, resources, and ideas from the whole world came

together.

That made the world more like we know it today—more

modern!

Accelerate means to speed up.

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1. Scholarship and the arts grew and spread.

2. Religious ideas were contested and spread to new lands.

3. Trade became global, new industries developed and the economy began to modernize.

4. Global empires emerged for the first time and governments centralized.

Patterns that began during the Patterns that began during the last unit continued to bring about last unit continued to bring about change – particularly in Europe.change – particularly in Europe.

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1. Knowledge Flowered1. Knowledge Flowered

• Knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome disappeared after the fall of the Western Roman Empire

• Ancient knowledge re-entered Europe during the 12th century. Its origins were Greek, Arabic, Chinese, and Indian.

• Natural sciences, math, applied

sciences, philosophy, geography and history re-emerged.

• Known as the Renaissance – means

rebirth

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1. The Printing Press1. The Printing Press• Printing technology spread from

China to Europe.

• Gutenberg’s printing press with moveable type could reproduce pages quickly, adding woodcut illustrations.

• By the time he invented his printing press, papermaking had spread to Europe.

• In the first century of printing, thousands of books were sold and added to Europe’s growing libraries.

• The printing press made the Renaissance possible

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Maps reflected discovery and

colonization and helped exchanges of knowledge among

people in the world.

1. 1. MapsMaps

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1. Scholarship and the arts grew and spread.

2. Religious ideas were contested and spread to new lands.

3. Trade became global, new industries developed and the economy began to modernize.

4. Global empires emerged for the first time and governments centralized.

Patterns that began during the Patterns that began during the last unit continued to bring about last unit continued to bring about change – particularly in Europe.change – particularly in Europe.

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2. Christian Traditions are 2. Christian Traditions are QuestionedQuestioned

• Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church’s authority and brought on the Protestant Reformation after 1517.

• Western Christianity split into 2

camps: Protestant and Catholic

• Political leaders took sides, spawning European religious and national conflicts that lasted more than a century—to the mid-1600s.

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2. Islam and Christianity 2. Islam and Christianity Spread GloballySpread Globally

• Traders and Sufi orders spread Islam in Africa and Asia.

• The Ottoman Empire expanded into eastern Europe, and Islam spread into the Balkans.

• Catholic missionaries and religious orders followed the spread of empires in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

• Protestants colonized North America.

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1. Scholarship and the arts grew and spread.

2. Religious ideas were contested and spread to new lands.

3. Trade became global, new industries developed and the economy began to modernize.

4. Global empires emerged for the first time and governments centralized.

Patterns that began during the Patterns that began during the last unit continued to bring about last unit continued to bring about change – particularly in Europe.change – particularly in Europe.

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3. Asian Voyages3. Asian Voyages

Ottoman Turkish naval vessels patrolled the Mediterranean, the Black Sea, and the Indian Ocean.

Zheng He, Admiral of the Ming fleet, made seven voyages around the Indian Ocean.

Indian Ocean trade routes attracted merchants as they had for centuries.

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3. Maritime Technology3. Maritime Technology

Chinese Chinese sternpost sternpost

rudderrudder

Arab Arab lateen saillateen sail

Chinese Chinese compasscompass

Muslim portolan Muslim portolan charts and mapscharts and maps

New technologies from Asia led to new European ship designs in the 15th century.

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Columbus 1492

Vasco da Gama 1498

Magellan 1519

After 1415, European mariners made voyages across the seas toward east and west. By 1519, Spanish ships had circumnavigated the globe.

3. European Voyages3. European Voyages

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3. 3. New Industries Emerge in New Industries Emerge in EuropeEurope

Chinese silks and Indian cottons led to English and French textile factories

Ottoman and Persian ceramics led to Holland’s Delft stoneware industry

Chinese influence led English manufacturers to make “china” – once they found the right clay

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• Commercial law protected private property and investments.

• More efficient bureaucracies and taxation increased the power of the government’s purse.

• European kings issued charters to colonize overseas.

• Jurists experimented with civil and constitutional law.

3. Banking And Laws Change 3. Banking And Laws Change in Europe in Europe

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1. Scholarship and the arts grew and spread.

2. Religious ideas were debated and spread to new lands.

3. Trade became global, new industries developed and the economy began to modernize.

4.4. Global empires emerged for the Global empires emerged for the first time and authority became first time and authority became more centralized.more centralized.

Patterns that began during the Patterns that began during the last unit continued to bring about last unit continued to bring about

change – particularly in Europechange – particularly in Europe

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Large states in Afroeurasia used gunpowder and artillery to

expand trade and win territory throughout the world – creating

global empires.

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Monarchs centralize authorityMonarchs centralize authority

Louis XIVFrance

1643-1715

Catherine the Great Russia

1762-1796

Elizabeth IEngland

1558-1603

Philip IISpain

1556-1598

Xizong Ming China

1620-1627

Shah Abbas Persia

1587-1629

JahangirIndia

1605-1627

Süleyman Ottoman Empire

1520-1566

Monarchs also….Monarchs also….

• Claim absolute power over everything in their realms

• Create large armies and navies

• Assert state control over the economy, agriculture, people, arts, and the aristocracy

• Begin building enormous empires

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Persian, Indian, Turkish, Chinese, Japanese, and European artisans experimented with steel production for weapons.

Land and maritime empires battled over control of trade, resources, and territory.

Gunpowder empires in Asia, Africa, and

Europe honed skills in production of artillery

and handguns.

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States and Empires in 1519 CEStates and Empires in 1519 CE

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States and Empires in 1600 CEStates and Empires in 1600 CE

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States and Empires in 1714 CEStates and Empires in 1714 CE

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States and Empires in 1804 CEStates and Empires in 1804 CE

What did all this mean What did all this mean for Europe?for Europe?

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Charles I, beheaded in 1649 Charles I 1625-1649

King George III1760-1820

Rebellion in American Colonies 1776

Do monarchs go too far???????Do monarchs go too far???????

French Revolution1789

Louis XVI 1775-1793