Post on 21-Dec-2015
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MacromolecMacromoleculesules
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DO NOW…• 1) What does CHNOPS stand for? • 2) Is Hydrogen (H) a molecule or an
element?
• 3) Is Water (H2O) a molecule or an element?
• 4) What elements make up carbon dioxide (CO2)?
• 5) What elements make up GLUCOSE?
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MACROMOLECULES• Answer the first THREE questions on your
notes!
• SHARE OUT!
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• ATOMS COMBINE TO MAKE ELEMENTS!
• ELEMENTS COMBINE TO MAKE MOLECULES!
• WHICH ELEMENTS MAKE UP THE MOLECULE SHOWN?
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CONNECTIONS…
What connections do we have to the term “organic compounds”?
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Organic Organic CompoundsCompounds
• CompoundsCompounds that contain CARBONCARBON are called organicorganic.
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Carbon (C)Carbon (C)
• CarbonCarbon can form bondsbonds with as many as 4 4 other atoms (elements).
• Usually with C, H, O or NC, H, O or N.
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: WHAT ARE THESE ELEMENTS?
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MacromoleculesMacromolecules
• Macromolecules are large Macromolecules are large organic molecules made up of organic molecules made up of smaller molecules! smaller molecules!
• Examples:Examples:THE FOUR MOLECULES OF THE FOUR MOLECULES OF
LIFE?LIFE?
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MacromoleculesMacromolecules
• Examples:Examples:1. Carbohydrates1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids2. Lipids3. Proteins3. Proteins4. Nucleic acids (DNA and 4. Nucleic acids (DNA and
RNA)RNA)
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CarbohydratCarbohydrateses
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CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
Small sugar moleculesSmall sugar molecules COMBINE to make large large sugar moleculessugar molecules.
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CarbohydratesCarbohydratesMonosaccharide: one sugar Monosaccharide: one sugar
unitunit
Example:Example: glucose (glucose (C6H12O6)
glucoseglucose
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CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
Disaccharide: two sugar Disaccharide: two sugar unitunit
Examples: Examples: – Maltose (glucose+glucose)Maltose (glucose+glucose)
glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose
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BUILD THIS MACROMOLECULE…
Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,” sitting still
Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a DisaccharideDisaccharide!
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CarbohydratesCarbohydratesPolysaccharide: many sugar Polysaccharide: many sugar
unitsunits
Example:Example: cellulose (lettuce, cellulose (lettuce, corn)corn)
glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose
glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose
glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose
glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose
cellulosecellulose
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BUILD THIS MACROMOLECULE…
Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,” sitting still
Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a PolysaccharidePolysaccharide!
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LipidsLipids
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LipidsLipids
Lipids are Lipids are FATSFATS! They contain ! They contain the MOST energy of any the MOST energy of any macromolecule.macromolecule.
•Example:Example: Triglyceride Triglyceride
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LipidsLipidsTriglycerides:Triglycerides:
ccomposed of 1 glycerol1 glycerol and 3 3 fatty acidsfatty acids.
H
H-C----O
H-C----O
H-C----O
H
glycerol
O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
=
fatty acids
O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
=
O
C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH =CH-CH2 -CH
2 -CH2 -CH
2 -CH3
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BUILD THIS MACROMOLECULE…
Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,” sitting still
Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a TriglycerideTriglyceride!
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ProteinsProteins
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Proteins Proteins (Polypeptides)(Polypeptides)
Proteins are made up of Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds.peptide bonds.
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Primary StructureAmino acids bonded
together by peptide peptide bonds (straight chains)bonds (straight chains)
aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6
Peptide Bonds
Amino Acids (aa)
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BUILD THIS MACROMOLECULE…
Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,” sitting still
Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a ProteinProtein!
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Proteins are folded into 3-dimensional shapes that are held together by hydrogen bondshydrogen bonds.•Two examples:Two examples:
Alpha HelixAlpha Helix
Beta Pleated SheetBeta Pleated Sheet
Hydrogen BondsHydrogen Bondscopyright cmassengale
Protein Structure
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Nucleic Nucleic AcidsAcids
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Nucleic acidsNucleic acids• Two types:Two types:
a. Deoxyribonucleic acid a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA-(DNA- double helix) double helix) b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single strand) strand)
• Nucleic acids Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of nucleotidesnucleotides.
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Nucleic acidsNucleic acids• Nucleotides include:Nucleotides include:
1. 1. phosphate groupphosphate group2. 2. pentose sugar pentose sugar 3. nitrogen bases:3. nitrogen bases:
adenine (A)adenine (A)thymine (T) DNA onlythymine (T) DNA onlyuracil (U) RNA onlyuracil (U) RNA onlycytosine (C)cytosine (C)guanine (G)guanine (G)
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BUILD THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURE:
Instructions: Using the paper in front of you, scissors and markers, BUILD AND LABEL a nucleic acid! AN IMAGE WILL BE SHOWN ON THE NEXT SLIDE!
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Nucleotide Nucleotide
OO=P-O O
PhosphatePhosphate GroupGroup
NNitrogenous baseNitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T)(A, G, C, or T)
CH2
O
C1C4
C3 C2
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SugarSugar(deoxyribose)(deoxyribose)
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DNA - double helixDNA - double helix
P
P
P
O
O
O
1
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4
5
5
3
3
5
P
P
PO
O
O
1
2 3
4
5
5
3
5
3
G C
T A
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