1 Macromolecules copyright cmassengale. DO NOW… 1) What does CHNOPS stand for? 2) Is Hydrogen (H)...

1

MacromolecMacromoleculesules

copyright cmassengale

DO NOW…• 1) What does CHNOPS stand for? • 2) Is Hydrogen (H) a molecule or an

element?

• 3) Is Water (H2O) a molecule or an element?

• 4) What elements make up carbon dioxide (CO2)?

• 5) What elements make up GLUCOSE?

copyright cmassengale 2

MACROMOLECULES• Answer the first THREE questions on your

notes!

• SHARE OUT!


• ATOMS COMBINE TO MAKE ELEMENTS!

• ELEMENTS COMBINE TO MAKE MOLECULES!

• WHICH ELEMENTS MAKE UP THE MOLECULE SHOWN?


CONNECTIONS…

What connections do we have to the term “organic compounds”?


6

Organic Organic CompoundsCompounds

• CompoundsCompounds that contain CARBONCARBON are called organicorganic.


7

Carbon (C)Carbon (C)

• CarbonCarbon can form bondsbonds with as many as 4 4 other atoms (elements).

• Usually with C, H, O or NC, H, O or N.

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: WHAT ARE THESE ELEMENTS?


8

MacromoleculesMacromolecules

• Macromolecules are large Macromolecules are large organic molecules made up of organic molecules made up of smaller molecules! smaller molecules!

• Examples:Examples:THE FOUR MOLECULES OF THE FOUR MOLECULES OF

LIFE?LIFE?


9

MacromoleculesMacromolecules

• Examples:Examples:1. Carbohydrates1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids2. Lipids3. Proteins3. Proteins4. Nucleic acids (DNA and 4. Nucleic acids (DNA and

RNA)RNA)


10

CarbohydratCarbohydrateses


11

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Small sugar moleculesSmall sugar molecules COMBINE to make large large sugar moleculessugar molecules.


12

CarbohydratesCarbohydratesMonosaccharide: one sugar Monosaccharide: one sugar

unitunit

Example:Example: glucose (glucose (C6H12O6)

glucoseglucose


13

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Disaccharide: two sugar Disaccharide: two sugar unitunit

Examples: Examples: – Maltose (glucose+glucose)Maltose (glucose+glucose)

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose


BUILD THIS MACROMOLECULE…

Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,” sitting still

Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a DisaccharideDisaccharide!


15

CarbohydratesCarbohydratesPolysaccharide: many sugar Polysaccharide: many sugar

unitsunits

Example:Example: cellulose (lettuce, cellulose (lettuce, corn)corn)





cellulosecellulose




Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a PolysaccharidePolysaccharide!


17

LipidsLipids


18

LipidsLipids

Lipids are Lipids are FATSFATS! They contain ! They contain the MOST energy of any the MOST energy of any macromolecule.macromolecule.

•Example:Example: Triglyceride Triglyceride


19

LipidsLipidsTriglycerides:Triglycerides:

ccomposed of 1 glycerol1 glycerol and 3 3 fatty acidsfatty acids.

H

H-C----O

H-C----O

H-C----O

H

glycerol

O

C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

=

fatty acids

O

C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

=

O

C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH =CH-CH2 -CH

2 -CH2 -CH

2 -CH3

=copyright cmassengale



Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a TriglycerideTriglyceride!


21

ProteinsProteins


22

Proteins Proteins (Polypeptides)(Polypeptides)

Proteins are made up of Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds.peptide bonds.


23

Primary StructureAmino acids bonded

together by peptide peptide bonds (straight chains)bonds (straight chains)

aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6

Peptide Bonds

Amino Acids (aa)




Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a ProteinProtein!


25

Proteins are folded into 3-dimensional shapes that are held together by hydrogen bondshydrogen bonds.•Two examples:Two examples:

Alpha HelixAlpha Helix

Beta Pleated SheetBeta Pleated Sheet

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen Bondscopyright cmassengale

Protein Structure

26

Nucleic Nucleic AcidsAcids


27

Nucleic acidsNucleic acids• Two types:Two types:

a. Deoxyribonucleic acid a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA-(DNA- double helix) double helix) b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single strand) strand)

• Nucleic acids Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of nucleotidesnucleotides.


28

Nucleic acidsNucleic acids• Nucleotides include:Nucleotides include:

1. 1. phosphate groupphosphate group2. 2. pentose sugar pentose sugar 3. nitrogen bases:3. nitrogen bases:

adenine (A)adenine (A)thymine (T) DNA onlythymine (T) DNA onlyuracil (U) RNA onlyuracil (U) RNA onlycytosine (C)cytosine (C)guanine (G)guanine (G)


BUILD THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURE:

Instructions: Using the paper in front of you, scissors and markers, BUILD AND LABEL a nucleic acid! AN IMAGE WILL BE SHOWN ON THE NEXT SLIDE!


30

Nucleotide Nucleotide

OO=P-O O

PhosphatePhosphate GroupGroup

NNitrogenous baseNitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T)(A, G, C, or T)

CH2

O

C1C4

C3 C2

5

SugarSugar(deoxyribose)(deoxyribose)


31

DNA - double helixDNA - double helix

P

P

P

O

O

O

1

23

4

5

5

3

3

5

P

P

PO

O

O

1

2 3

4

5

5

3

5

3

G C

T A


1 Macromolecules copyright cmassengale. DO NOW… 1) What does CHNOPS stand for? 2) Is Hydrogen (H)...

Documents

Transcript of 1 Macromolecules copyright cmassengale. DO NOW… 1) What does CHNOPS stand for? 2) Is Hydrogen (H)...