Post on 26-Dec-2015
1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE
2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE
3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE
4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE
Paleolithic Age:( Old Stone Age )
2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE
Paleolithic Age:( Old Stone Age )
2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE
7,000,000 BCE – 4,000,000 BCE7,000,000 BCE – 4,000,000 BCE
Ardipithecus ramidus› First bi-pedalism
known in humans, although primarily a tree dweller.
› Most recent findings in human evolution. (1993)
› Very short overall – Under 4’
4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE
• Australopithecus • Bi-Pedalism fully formed• Predominately ground
dwelling.• Would look like a large
walking Ape to us.• Opposable Thumb.• Most famous example is
the “Lucy” skeleton discovered in 1975 by Dr. Donald Johanson.
“Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age
“Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
hunting (men) & gathering (women) small bands of 20-30 humans
hunting (men) & gathering (women) small bands of 20-30 humans
NOMADIC (moving from place to place)
NOMADIC (moving from place to place)
Made tools
Made tools
Humans during this period found shelter in caves.
Humans during this period found shelter in caves.
Cave paintings left behind. – Chauvet Paintiings
Cave paintings left behind. – Chauvet Paintiings
Purpose??Purpose??
Homo Genus = Man
HOMO HABILIS
Known as the “Handy Man”
Created Stone Tools
Foraged and Scavenged Mostly
Homo Genus = Man
HOMO HABILIS
Known as the “Handy Man”
Created Stone Tools
Foraged and Scavenged Mostly
1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE
HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )
HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )
Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology
Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology
First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia.
Hunted via Persistence Running.
First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia.
Hunted via Persistence Running.
First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE ) – Leads to community and co-operation at new level.
First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE ) – Leads to community and co-operation at new level.
200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )
HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” )
Neanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )
Neanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )
Cro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000
BCE )
Cro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000
BCE )
NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:
Prominent Brow Prominent Brow
First humans to bury their dead.
First humans to bury their dead.
Made clothes from animal skins.
Advanced hunting techniques
Made clothes from animal skins.
Advanced hunting techniques
Lived in caves and tents.
Interbred with Cro- Magnon Man
Lived in caves and tents.
Interbred with Cro- Magnon Man
CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs: Homo sapiens sapiens
( “Wise, wise human” )
Homo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )
By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals.
WHY??? WHY???
Tool C
om
paris
on
con
t….
Neanderth
als
Cro
-Magnon
“Neolithic” “New Stone” Age
“Neolithic” “New Stone” Age
10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE
Gradual shift from: Gradual shift from:
Nomadic lifestyle settled, stationery lifestyle.Nomadic lifestyle settled, stationery lifestyle.Hunting/Gathering agricultural production and domestication of animals.
Hunting/Gathering agricultural production and domestication of animals.
8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE
Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world.
Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world.
SLASH-AND-BURN Farming
Seasonal Return of Crops
Animal Husbandry
SLASH-AND-BURN Farming
Seasonal Return of Crops
Animal Husbandry
Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia
8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE
Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia
8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE
Why a Neolithic Revolution?
End of an Ice Age = the end of some big game animals.
New Crops develop as ice recedes.
Newly developed crops are more fruitful even in wild than old plants.
More population = greater need for stability in food source.
Greater stability in food source = more population.
Agriculture started by spreading seeds on travel routes, then settling down.
Animal Domestication
Dogs (Wolves) – 12,000 BCE
Sheep, Goats, Pigs – 8500 BCE
Cattle – 6500 BCE Pastoralism
develops by the Bronze Age (4000 BCE)
Why do some archaeologists
believe that women were the first
farmers?
Why do some archaeologists
believe that women were the first
farmers?
Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations.
Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations.
More permanent, settled communities emerged.
More permanent, settled communities emerged.
Fertile Crescent
Fertile Crescent
Jericho
One of the longest inhabited places on earth.
Around 9400 BCE had a pre-pottery civilization that had 70 dwellings (apartments), 1000 people, and huge walls.
Walls show co-operation between people, used mostly for keeping out river.
Settled in modern Israel near River Jordan.
Jarmo
7,000 BCE Earliest Agricultural Settlement – Wheat
Northern Iraq in outskirts of Zagros Mts.
Found bowls, stone sickles, cutters indicating agriculture.
Consisted of about 25 houses of adobe – about 150 people lived there.
8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey ) 10,000-6,000 inhabitants
8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey ) 10,000-6,000 inhabitants
Division of labor but not necessarily social class – women and men equal.
Division of labor but not necessarily social class – women and men equal.
Engaged in trade Engaged in trade
Organized religion – Mother Earth Figures
Buried Dead inside City
Organized religion – Mother Earth Figures
Buried Dead inside City
Small military
Small military
12 cultivated crops
12 cultivated crops
An obsidian dagger
Catal Huyuk
Çatal HüyükÇatal Hüyük