Post on 02-Jun-2018
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
1/35
Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved
CW Test
1.0
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
2/35
Internal Use
Introduction
CW test (Continuous Wave test) is an important stepof Propagation Model Tuning. With the CW testdata and Digital maps, the accurate PropagationModel could be gotten through model tuning.
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
3/35
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
4/35
Internal Use
Principles and Purpose of CW test
Sect ion 1 Propagat ion Models
Section 2 Principles of
Propagation Model Tuning
Section 3 Purpose of CW Test
Section 4 Basic Principles of CW
Test
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
5/35
Internal Use
Propagation Models
)(dB log20log204532 )(f )(d . L MHz km fs
Free space propagat ion m odel
Stat i s t ica l propagat ion m odel
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
6/35
Internal Use
Principle and Purpose of CW Test
Section 1 Propagation Models
Sect ion 2 Pr inciples of
Propagat ion Model Tuning
Section 3 Purpose of CW Test
Section 4 Basic Principles of CW
Test
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
7/35Internal Use
Radio Propagation Model
Propagation model is used to predict the effect of terrain,obstacle and artificial environment on the path loss.
WCDMA common propagation models
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
8/35Internal Use
Okumura/Hata modelFor: 900M 2000MHz
COST231-Hata model
For: 1500-2000MHz COST231 Walfish-Ikegami model
For: 800M-2000MHz
Keenan-Motley model
For indoor propagationPropagation model in UNET
For macro cell on 300M 2000M
Common propagation models
Radio Propagation Model
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
9/35Internal Use
Radio Propagation Model
L=K1 + K2log(d) + K3log(HTxeff) + K4 Diffraction+ K5log(d) log(HTxeff) + K6(HRxeff) + Kclutterf(clutter)
K1: constant (dB)K2: multiplier factor of log(d)d: distance between Tx antenna and Rx antenna (m )K3: multiplier factor of log(H Txeff )HTxeff: effective height of Tx antenna (m)K4: multiplier factor of diffraction loss, which must be a positive valueDiffraction loss: diffraction loss through the path with barriers (dB)K5: multiplier factor of log(H Txeff )log(d)K6: multiplier factor of HRxeffHRxeff : effective height of Rx antenna (m)Kclutter : multiplier factor of for f(clutter)
f(clutter): average weighted loss caused by clutter
Model in UNET:
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
10/35Internal Use
Principle and Purpose of CW Test
Section 1 Propagation Models
Section 2 Principles of
Propagation Model Tuning
Sect ion 3 Purpo se of CW Test
Section 4 Basic Principles of CW
Test
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
11/35Internal Use
Purpose of CW Test
Compare CW test datawith prediction results,and then tune thepropagation parametersto improve the accuracyof coverage prediction.
GPS
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
12/35Internal Use
Theory and Purpose of CW Test
Section 1 Propagation Models
Section 2 Principles of
Propagation Model Tuning
Section 3 Purpose of CW Test
Sect ion 4 Basic Pr inciples of CW
Test
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
13/35
Internal Use
Basic Principle of CW Test
TypificationThe CW test data must represent the characteristic ofelectromagnetic wave in this area.
BalanceThe CW test data must represent the characteristic ofelectromagnetic wave by the proportion of differentclutters in this area.
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
14/35
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
15/35
Internal Use
CW Test Workflow
Section 1 Site Select io n
Section 2 Building TestPlatform in Networking
Section 3 Drive Test
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
16/35
Internal Use
Site Selection
Principles of site selection
Number of sites: It is usually agreed that a minimum of 5 sites shouldbe tested in large and dense city, but one site is enough in the city,
which mainly depends on antenna height and EIRP.
Representation: Site selection should aim to cover all types of clutter
(from the digital map) in the coverage zone.
Multiple models: Define the corresponding zone of each model if thetest environment requires multiple models to describe its propagationcharacteristics.
Overlap: Increase measurement overlap area between each site as
much as possible. But reasonable inter-site distance should be ensured.
Obstacle: The data should be filtered in the subsequent processing ifobvious obstacle exists.
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
17/35
Internal Use
Site Selection
Standards of site selection
a. Antenna height should be greater than 20m.
b. The antenna should be 5m higher than the nearest obstacle.
c. The obstacle mainly refers to the highest building on the roofwhere the antenna is installed. The building where the site islocated should be higher than average height of surroundingbuildings.
5 m
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
18/35
Internal Use
CW Test Workflow
Section 1 Site Selection
Sect ion 2 Bui ld in g TestPlat form in Networking
Section 3 Drive Test
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
19/35
Internal Use
Building Test Platform in Networking
Tx subsystem: Tx antenna, feeder, high-frequency signal source andantenna holderRx subsystem: test receiver, GPS receiver, test software and laptop
High frequency signalsource
Signal source TMA
Power supply
Tx antenna
Rx antenna Drive testinstrument
Build-in GPS
Laptop
RF cable 1 RF cable 2
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
20/35
Internal Use
Building Test Platform in Networking
Record the gain of the following parts on signals during
networking:
Tx power of signal source
Loss of RF cable
Gain of Tx antenna
Gain of Rx antenna
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
21/35
Internal Use
CW Test Workflow
Section 1 Site Selection
Section 2 Building TestPlatform in Networking
Section 3 Drive Test
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
22/35
Internal Use
Drive Test
Keep to the following standards to select a test path
Landform: The test route must cover all main landforms in the area.
Height: The test route must cover landforms with different height inthis area if the landforms are up-and-down.
Distance: The test route must cover different positions from thesite in the area.
Direction: The test points must be consistent on the horizontal andvertical route.
Length The total distance of one CW test should be longer than60km.
Number of test points: The more, the better.Overlap: Overlap the test route in different sites as much aspossible to improve the reliability of models.
Obstacle: Shadow areas behind this wall should be avoided whenantenna signals are obstructed by the wall at a side.
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
23/35
Internal Use
Drive Test
Lee criteria for sampling: 50 samples by 40 The maximum vehicle speed: V max =0.8 /Tsample Delete test results from the sampled data under abnormal conditions:
Fading over 15~30db without reasonable causesIn tunnelsUnder the viaducts
Select test routes from the main lobe coverage area if directionalantennas are adopted for a CW test.
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
24/35
Internal Use
Table of Contents
Training.huawei.com
Chapter 1 Theory and Purpose of CW Test
Chapter 2 CW Test Workflow
Chapter 3 Analysis of Test Data
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
25/35
Internal Use
Analysis of Test Data
Section 1 Data Fil ter ing
Section 2 Data Dispersion
Section 3 Data Binning
Section 4 Format
Conversion
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
26/35
Internal Use
Data Filtering
Data to be filtered is as follows:
1. Data tested in the places whereGPS is unable to locate
accurately (such as under the
overhead rack, in the tunnel).
2. Data obtained when the
distance to antenna is too near
or far.
3. Data obtained with too weaksignals.
4. Error data caused by inexact AP(antenna pattern).
5. Other data inconsistent with the
requirements during the route
design of CW test.
A l i f T t D t
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
27/35
Internal Use
Analysis of Test Data
Section 1 Data Filtering
Sect ion 2 Data Dispers ion
Section 3 Data Binning
Section 4 Format
Conversion
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
28/35
Internal Use
Data Dispersion
Propagation in mobile communications can be indicated asfollows:
r(x) = m(x)r 0(x) X: distancer(x): received signalsr 0(x): Raileigh Fadingm(x): local mean value, the combination of long-term fading
and space propagation loss2L: average length between sampling areas, also called
intrinsic length
L x
L x
dy yr L
xm )(2
1)(
Data Dispersion
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
29/35
Internal Use
Data Dispersion
The CW test is to obtain the local mean value of each geographylocation in some areas as far as possible, i.e. the difference of r(x) andm(x) should be the minimum value. In this sense, effect of RaileighFading should be excluded.
When the intrinsic length equals 40 wavelength and the number of
sampling points is 50, the difference of test data and actual local meanvalue can be less than 1dB according to Lee criteria.
Intrinsic length is average length for binning (2G band is 6 m long,namely, 40 wavelength)
Since the locating speed of GPS is far lower than the receiving speedof the receiver, the dispersion processing is required before thebinning.
D Di i
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
30/35
Internal Use
Data Dispersion
The principle of dispersion processing is as follows:
Conditions:There are many test records arranged under eachlocating point in time sequence because the receivingspeed of the receiver is far higher than the locatingspeed of GPS.
The vehicle speed between two locating points isuniform.The time interval between every two measurementrecords is the same.
Processing:Equally distribute these records to the route sectionbetween two points in time sequence so that there willbe sufficient points in every 6m range on test route.
A l i f T D
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
31/35
Internal Use
Analysis of Test Data
Section 1 Data filtering
Section 2 Data Dispersion
Sect ion 3 Data Binning
Section 4 Format
Conversion
D Bi i
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
32/35
Internal Use
Data Binning
Objectives:
Reserve the impact of slow fading but eliminate the fast fadingMethods:
Method 1: make grids for the whole area with 6m side, performthe arithmetic average for the data located in each grid, andthen take the grid center as the new location.
Method 2: divide the path into sections in equal interval with 6mfor each, and perform the arithmetic binning for the data in eachsection to select some point for the location of mean value.
Tool: CW Data Editor
A l i f T t D t
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
33/35
Internal Use
Analysis of Test Data
Section 1 Data Filtering
Section 2 Data Dispersion
Section 3 Data BinningSect ion 4 Format
Convers ion
Format Conversion
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
34/35
Internal Use
Format Conversion
The data format exported by Agilent E74xx Series is
Data format imported to UNET is
Format conversion can be implemented manually (savedas .dat file)
X Y CW_Power_List__ Freq__Hz
CW_Power_List__Ampl__dBm
Time Date
X Y CW_Power_List__Ampl__dBm
8/11/2019 03-Wcdma Rnp Cw Test_20051214
35/35
Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved