Eco-systems of agricultural landscapesand sustainable land use: Livestock systems

01 - Introduction - 3

Livestock Economics

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

Livestock Economics

Species Numbers (million) Biomass (million t)

Cattle & Buffalo 1 496 512

Sheep 1 065 40

Goats 780 27

Camelids 24 8.5

Equines 118 42

Numbers and biomass of domestic animals and humans

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

Equines 118 42

Pigs 936 93

Poultry 17 437 33

Humans 6 800 374

Total 755.5

Data Source: FAO 2011 & Author’s calculations

Why do we keep livestock?

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

Large quantity but lowdensity of nutrients innatural and agriculturalecosystems

collected by livestock

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

collected by livestock and converted into

small quantity of high nutrientdensity human food

In addition livestock provide

non-food commodities fibres, feathers, hides, skins, horn, bones,manure

services traction, transport,

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

subsistence needsor/and generate income

services traction, transport, riding,leisure activities

socio-economic functions

Furthermore livestock have

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

socio-cultural and religious significance

and livestock have

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

� value adding

� internal expansion

� mobilising production reserves

� enhancing soil fertility

Livestock assist stabilising of cropping systems by

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

� enhancing soil fertility

� nutrient recycling

� energy recovery

Contribution of livestock to total agricultural GDP

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

Source: World Bank 2010

Livestock provide 40 to 60 % of the agricultural GDP worldwide and contribute to

� Risk reduction

� Market integration

� Savings function

� Off-farm income

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

� Off-farm income

� Social coherence� Cultural and religious concerns

World map representing the true land area by country

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

Source: http://www.worldmapper.org/ (Map 1)

World map representing the human population size by country

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

Source: http://www.worldmapper.org/ (Map 2)

World map representing annual dairy exports* by country

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

Total Land Area

Source: http://www.worldmapper.org/ (Map 45)

* annual US$ worth of net dairy exports per person living in that territory

World map representing annual dairy imports* by country

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz

Total Land Area

Source: http://www.worldmapper.org/ (Map 46)

* annual US$ worth of net dairy imports per person living in that territory

References:

FAO 2006: Livestock's long shadow: environmental issues and options.Steinfeld, H.; Gerber, P.; Wassenaar, T.; Castel, V.; Rosales, M.; de Haan, C.FAO, Rome (Italy). Livestock, Environment and Development InitiativeFAO/LEAD Rome (2006) ISBN 978-92-5-105571-7

http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a0701e/a0701e00.htm

http://www.worldmapper.org/index.html

M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17

Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural

and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz