Biometrical genetics Manuel Ferreira Shaun Purcell Pak Sham Boulder Introductory Course 2006.
Genetic Theory Manuel AR Ferreira Egmond, 2007 Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston.
Biometrical genetics
Covariance X = discrete random variable X X i = value of the ith outcome of X P(x i y i ) = probability of occurrence of the ith outcome of X and ith outcome.