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MANU EXPEDITIONS BIRDING TOURS

Birding@ManuExpeditions.comwww.Birding-In-Peru.com

ATRIPREPORTFORAPELAGICANDBIRDINGTOCUSCO

OVERLANDVIAABANCAY

NOVEMBER22-242015

TripreportandRedaction:BarryWalker

Thislegofthetripwasaverygooddecision–aquick3-dayjourneyfromLimatoCuscooverland–spectacularsceneryandawholesuiteofPeruvianendemicbirds

andrangerestrictedspeciesandsomegreatgeneralbirdingtoboot.Itwasamazinghowmanyspecialbirdswerecordedinjust3daysincludingaround12trueendemicand18rangerestrictedspeciesincludingsomespecialpelagicbirds.

BIRDING LOCALITIES CallaoDockS1203969W07709496PelagicatChummingS1208064W07745271NazcaFields14°49'21.69"S74°52'20.78"W600metersPuquio14°41'32.07"S74°7'17.26"W3200metersOneoftheHighlakesAbovePuquio14°37'52.34"S73°56'49.35"W4400metersBirdingspotaboveAbancayS1332108W072513682metersHuanipacaRoadS1001017W072530713890metersCusco13°30'59.40"S71°58'37.80"W3300meters

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DAY BY DAY ACTIVITIES November22nd:ThegroupassembledforthislegofthejourneyinLima.Wewerejoinedby2otherseafarersandheadedtoCallaodockandoffwewentintothemorningpastthetipofSanLorenzoIsland–35nauticalmilesouttoanunderwatercanyonwherewedidourchumming,sawwhatwesaw,andreturnedviaCavinzaseandElFrontonIslandsonthewayback.QuickdepartureforthelongdrivetoourcountryhotelnearNazca(verybriefstopatVillaMarshes),whereOliviagraceduswithatastydinnerandbeer.NightinNazca.DepartmentsofLimaandIca.November23rd:WeawoketothesongofSlender-billedFinchanddidsomeprebreakfastbirdingaroundthewinery.AfterbreakfastwedrovethestretchfromNazcatojustoutsideChalhuancawherewestayedatthepleasantTampumayuCountryHotelat2580meters.StopsweremadeKm.22-23.51400meters,Km382000metersandPuqioat3195meters.WealsostoppedathePampasGallerasReserve.Ourhighestaltitudeswerefrom3775-4350meters.DepartmentsofIca,AyacuchoandApurimac.November24th:Afterbreakfastbirdingitalongasidetrackoppositethehotelat2675meterswherewequicklypickedupourtarget–theusheriraceofPale-tailedCanasterowhencewestartedourjourneytoOllantaytamboafterbreakfastbutwithimportantstopsalongthewayafterpassingthroughAbancay.Wefirststoppedatkilometer803at3368metersontheAbancaysideofthepassandthentookthesideroadtoHuanipaca.FinishingherewemadeaquickstopattheIncaruinsofTarawasi,anIncanceremonialcenterbuiltfrompreciselycarvedblocksofgranite.DepartmentsofApurimacandCusco.THEBIRDLIST*=HeardE=PeruvianendemicRR=Restricted-rangespeciesConservationStatus=followsBirdlifeInternational(2014)Taxonomy=followsSouthAmericanCheck-list(2015)–mostly…..Family:ANATIDAEAndean(Ruddy)Duck–Oxyura(jamaicensis)ferrugineaQuiteafewonhigherlakesandVillaMarshes.OxyuraferrugineaissplitfromO.jamaicensis(Ridgely&Greenfield2001;Jaramillo2003,Dickinson2003);SACCdoesnot(thusClements!)AndeanGoose-OssochenmelanopteraCommonlyseenonthehigherpartsoftheAndes.NowinanewlycreatedgenusalongwithOrinocoGooseTorrentDuck-MerganettaarmataturneriAround16countedontheChalhauncaRiver.Howonearthdoesthisspeciescope“acoustically”bylivinginsuchtorrentialwaters?CrestedDuck-Lophonettaspecularioides100’sonthelakesabovePuquioYellow-billed(Speckled)Teal-AnasflavirostrisCommononthehighPuna.Yellow-billedPintail-AnasgeorgicaFairlycommononlakesnearPuquio.PunaTeal-AnaspunaCommononlakesnearPuquio

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TorrentDuckmale

Family:PODICEPDIDAEWhite-tuftedGrebe–RollandiarollandCommononweedylakes.NamedforMasterGunnerRollandoftheFrenchCorvetteL’Unitewhichcircumnavigatedtheglobe1817-1820GreatGrebePodicepsmajorTwoonthepondsatVillaMarshesSilveryGrebe-PodicepsoccipitalisManyonthehighpunalakesFamily:PHOENICOPTERIDAEChileanFlamingo-Phoenicopteruschilensis150+onthehighlakesabovePuquioFamily:SPHENISCUSRRHumboldtPenguinSpheniscushumboltiSeenontheSanLorenzoislandsbutalsoswimmingintheocean.OnlyfoundintheHumboldtCurrentoffthecoastofPeruandChile.NamedfortheimpressivesoundingFriedrichWilhelmHeinrichAlexandervonHumboldt, Prussian geographer, naturalist, explorer, and influential proponent of romantic philosophy.VULNERABLEFamily:DIOMEDEIDAERRWavedAlbatrossPhoebastriairrorataAbout10ofthisrareAlbatross-manyseenwell.Ithasanextremelysmallbreedingrange,essentiallyconfinedtooneisland,andevidencesuggeststhatithasexperiencedasubstantialrecentpopulationdecline.ItbreedsonsouthEspañolaIslandintheGalápagosIslands,and(perhaps)onIsladelaPlataoffManabíprovince,Ecuador(CroxallandGales1998).BreedingadultstraveltothePeruvianupwellingregiontofeed(AndersonandCruz1998,H.VargasandF.Cruzinlitt.2000),andinthenon-breedingseasonbirds

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movemainlyeastandsoutheastintothewatersoftheEcuadorianandPeruviancontinentalshelf(Tickell1996,AndersonandCruz1998,)CRITICALLYENDANGERED

WavedAlbatross–BarryWalker

Family:PROCELLARIDAERRWhite-chinnedPetrelProcellariaaequinoctialisNotmanyonthistrip–around8VULNERABLERRPink-footedShearwaterArdennacreatopus20+seenwell.Thisspecieshasaverysmallbreedingrangeatonlythreeknownlocations,whichrendersitsusceptible to stochasticeventsandhuman impacts. If invasive species,harvestingof chicks,by catch infisheriesorotherfactorsarefoundtobecausingpopulationdeclines,thenthespecieswouldwarrantuplistingtoEndangeredVULNERABLESootyShearwaterArdennagriseaMany200+atleastRRGalapagosShearwaterPuffinussubalalarisItwasquickandontheoppositetackbutoneforsure–blackundertailcovertswerethegiveaway.Breedsexclusivelyon theGalapagos Islandsbutare relatively commondispersingnorth toMexicoand south toPeruespecially inElNinoyears.The taxonsubalarisof theGalapagos Islands is traditionally treatedasasubspeciesofP. lherminieriAudubon's Shearwater.However, geneticdata (Austinet al. 2004,Pyleet al.2011) strongly indicate that subalarisis a species-level taxon closely related toP. nativitatis ChristmasIsland Shearwater and only distantly related to P. lherminieri. Murphy (1927) long ago noted themorphologicaldistinctivenessofthistaxon.Family:PELACANOIDIDAERRPeruvianDiving-PetrelPelecanoidesgarnotiiInPeru,therewerec.12,000-13,000pairsonSanGallánandLaViejaIslandsin1995-1996;thesenumbersare supplemented by additional, though small, colonies off Chile. Named forM. Prosper Garnot (1794-1838)Frenchnaturalistandcollector.ENDANGERED

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Family:HYDROBATIDAEFuegianWilson'sStorm-PetrelOceanitesoceanicuschilensisStatusunclearbutfairlycommoninPeruvianwatersintheaustralwinterRRElliot’s(White-vented)Storm-PetrelOceanitesgracilisCommoninPeruvianwatersbutsofarnotknowntobreed–wesawthenominategraciliswhichsofarisonlyknowntobreedontwoislandsoffChile.DATADEFICIENT

Elliot’sandBlackStormPetrel’s–DavidFisher

RRWedge-rumpedStorm-PetrelOceanodromatethysThisspeciescanbefoundoffthecoastofNorthAmericaandSouthAmerica,fromBajaCalifornia(Mexico)inthenorthtocentralChileinthesouth.ItbreedsontheGalapagosIslands,Ecuador,andonPescadoresandSanGallanandSanLorenzoIslands,Peru.Twodistinctsubspecieswesawthekelsallisubspecies

Wedge-rumpedStorm-Petrel

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RRMarkham’sStormPetrelOceanodromamarkhamiWellwemaywellhavebeenmisidentifyingtheseforthemostparterroneouslyoffCallaointhepast.WepreviouslythoughtanylargedarkStormPetrelswerethisspeciesbutrecentpublicationsbySteveHowellhave made us rethink and appears bot this and Black Storm Petrel are present, the latter being morecommon and distributed more inshore, Markham’s being more highly pelagic. Breeds on the ParacasPeninsularinPeruandnearAricainChile,intheAtacamaDesert.Wesawforsureone–othersmayhaveescaped.DATADEFICIENTRRRinged(Hornby’s)Storm-PetrelOceanodromahornbyiBreedinggroundsasyetunknownbutcapturesinthecityofLimaindicatebreedingintheAtacamaDesertorAndeanFoothills.Fairlycommononourpelagic10-15seen.NamedforAdmiralPhippsHornby (1785-1861)BritishnavalofficerandcommanderinthePacific.DATADEFICIENT

Ringed(Hornby’s)Storm-Petrel

BlackStormPetrelOceanodromamelania15-20seenFamily:PHAETHONTIDAERed-billedTropicbirdPhaethonaethereusRareinPeru.Oneseencirclingtheboathigh,andphotographed.Family:SULIDAEBlue-footedBoobySulanebouxii4onCavinzaseIslandwasavagrantitbeinganElNinoyear.PeruvianBoobySulavariegataCommonHumboldtCurrentguanobird.

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BrownBoobySulaleucogaster1immatureonCavinzaseIslandwasavagrantitbeinganElNinoyear.Family:PHALACROCORACIDAENeotropicCormorantPhalacrocoraxbrasilianusCommononthecoastbutalsoinlandonriversintheAndesRed-leggedCormorantPhalacrocoraxgaimardiMaybe8ofthisprettyCormorantseen.NamedforFrenchsurgeon/naturalist/explorerJosephPaulGaimard(1793-1858)GuaynayCormorantPhalacrocoraxbougainvilliiNotascommonasusual400+Family:PELICANIDAEPeruvianPelicanPelecanusthagusCommonFamily:ARDEIDAELittleBlueHeron–EgrettacaeruleaOneseenalongthePanAmhighwaySnowyEgret–EgrettathulaCommonGreatEgret–ArdeaalbusCommononthefirstdayCattleEgret–BubulcusibisCommononthefirstdayStriatedHeron–ButoridesstriatusBlack-crownedNight-Heron-NycticoraxnycticoraxCommononthefirstdayFamily:THRESKIORNITHIDAEPunaIbis–PlegadisridgwayiCommoninthehighlandsFamily:CATHARTIDAEBlackVultureCoragypsatratusCommonTurkeyVulture–CathartesauraJaramillo (2003) suggested that the resident tropical subspecies ruficollis and the southern subspeciesgroup (jota and "falklandica")mightmerit recognition as separate species from the northern Cathartesauragroup.AndeanCondor-VulturgryphusWow!NicelooksatanimmaturebelowPuquioFamily:ACCIPITRIDAEHarris’sHawk–Parabuteounicinctus1seenatNazca

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VariableHawk-ButeopolysomaRegularsightingsalloverthetripofthe“PunaHawk”forminthehighlandsand“Red-backed”formalongthe coast. The taxonomy of this group is confusing, and some authors try to split it as Puna Hawk B.poecilochrousandRed-backedHawkB.polyosoma.SACCcomments:Farquhar(1988)concludedthatButeopoecilochrousandB.polyosomaareconspecific,astheywereformerlytreated;hewasunabletofindanywaytoreliablydiagnosethetwoformsusingplumagecharactersormeasurements.Ridgely&Greenfield(2001), Jaramillo (2003), and Schulenberg et al. (2007) followed this treatment and suggested "VariableHawk" be retained for the composite species. Genetic data (Riesing et al. 2003) are consistent withhypothesisthatB.polyosomaandB.poecilochrousareconspecific.Cabot&deVries (2004, inpress)andCabot et al. (in press) present additional data that support their recognition as separate species. SACCproposaltore-elevatepoecilochroustospeciesrankdidnotpass.TheIOCdoesnotsplittheseeitherasyet.Family:RALLIDAECommonGallinule–GallinulagaleataNowsplitfromtheOldWorldMoorhenSlate-colored(Andean)Coot–FulicaardesiacaCalled"AndeanCoot"inFjeldså&Krabbe(1990),Taylor(1996),andRidgelyetal.(2001)butotherauthorsuseSlate-coloredGiantCoot–FulicagiganteaCommononTHELakeabovePuquio,nottheotherlakeFamily:CHARADRIIDAEAndeanLapwing-VanellusresplendensTwoseeninthehighlands

AndeanLapwing–JakeFaust

Family:HAEMATOPODIDAEBlackishOystercatcher-Haematopusater2ontherockyislandsonthepelagic

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Family:RECURVIROSTRIDAEBlack-neckedStilt-HimantopusmexicanusTaxonomyisabitconfusing.TheSACCsays“Himantopusmexicanuswasformerlyconsideredasubspeciesof Old World H. himantopus ("Common Stilt"). Some authors have treated southern South Americanmelanurus (White-backed Stilt) as a separate species. The six taxa in the genusHimantopus form near-globallydistributedsuperspeciesandbetweenonetosixspecies-leveltaxarecognizedbyvariousauthors.Virtually no data are available relevant to taxon-ranking of allopatric populations. The contact betweenmexicanusandmelanurus inSouthAmerica,whereat leastsomehybridizationoccurs,affordsoneofthebestopportunitiesforsuchstudy.Family:BURHINIDAEPeruvianThick-knee-Burhinussuperciliaris*OnlyheardatnightatNazcaFamily:SCOLOPACIDAERuddyTurnstone–ArenariainterpresAround200loafingatCallaoDock.Surfbird–Aphrizavirgata10+withtheTurnstonesBaird’sSandpiper-CalidrisbairdiiAround3onthehighPunaGreaterYellowlegs-Tringamelanoleuca3onthehighlandlakesSpottedSandpiper-Actitismacularius2onthecoastFamily:THINACORIDAEGray-breastedSeedsnipe-ThinocorusorbignyianusOnefemaleseenrepeatedlyatPampasGalerasFamily:STERCORARIIDAEChileanSkua-StercorariuschilensisOneflewovertheboatinexplicablymissedbysomeParasiticJaeger-StercorariusparasiticusAtleast3PomarineJaeger-Stercorariuspomarinus8+seenFamily:LARIDAESabinesGull-XemasabiniMaybe6seen.NamedforGeneralSirEdwardSabineEnglishphysicistandArcticexplorer,10yearsPresidentoftheRoyalSociety.RRSwallow-tailedGull-Creagrusfurcatus10+seen.BreedsmainlyontheGalapagosIslands,Ecuador(allmajorandseveralminorislands)butalsoonMalpelo Island,Colombia.Whennotbreeding it canbe foundalong thePacific coastof SouthAmericanfromEcuadortonorthernChile.

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Belcher’sGull-LarusbelcheriiCommononthecoast.This isasplitfromBand-tailedGull.LarusbelcheriandL.atlanticuswereformerlyconsidered conspecific, but recent publications provided rationale for treatment as separate species.NamedforAdmiralSirEdwardBelcher,BritishNavalexplorerofthePacificcoastoftheAmericas.KelpGull-LarusdominicanusAfewGray-hoodedGull-ChroicocephaluscirrocephalusAround40atalongthecoastAndeanGull-ChroicocephalusserranusCommonin(surprise)theAndesLaughingGull-LeucophaeusatricillaOneatVillaonthecoastFranklin’sGull-LeucophaeuspipixcanTheworld’spopulationwintersonthewestcoastofSouthAmerica–andtherewerecertainlyalotofthem!RRElegantTern-ThalasseuselegansAfewperchedonboatsinCallaoharbor.Upto95%breedonIslaRasaintheGulfofCalifornia(VelardeandAnderson1994).NEARTHREATENEDSandwichTern-ThalasseussandvicensisMany in Callao harbor. Thalasseus eurygnathus ("Cayenne Tern") is here considered conspecific withsandvicensisfollowingmostrecenttreatments(e.g.,Blake1977);itisoftenconsideredaseparatespecies(e.g., Ridgway 1919, Peters 1934, Hellmayr& Conover 1948b,Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Ridgely et al2001).FieldobservationsfromtheVirginIslandsareconsistentwithnon-assortativemating(Hayes2004),and the two are extremely similar genetically (Efe et al. 2009). Populations of eurygnathus breeding insouthernSouthAmericamaydeserve separate taxonomic treatment fromCaribbeanpopulations (Voous

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1968,Escalante1973).Efeetal.(2009)foundsomeevidencethatNewWorldpopulations(T.s.acuflavidusand T. s. eurygnathus) might bemore closely related to T. elegans than to OldWorld (nominate) T. s.sandvicensis,butthiswasbasedonsmallsamplesizesandlimitedgeographicsampling,andwastreatedasinadequateevidencebyChesseretal.(2013).SouthAmericantern-SternahirundinaceaAround5inbreedingplumageRRIncaTern-LarosternaincaExtremelycommonandpretty–restrictedtotheHumboldtCurrent.MassdispersalandbreedingfailureshaveresultedperiodicallyfromElNiñoSouthernOscillation(ENSO)events

IncaTern-SteveGantlett

Family:COLUMBIDAEFeralPigeon–ColumbaliviaCommonWhite-tippedDove-LeptotilaverreauxidecipiensNearChalhuancaEaredDove–ZenaidaauriculataCommonWestPeruvianDove-ZenaidamelodaCommon along the coast. . Formerly considered con specific with White-winged Dove. The SACC says“Zenaidamelodawasformerly(e.g.,Peters,1937,Hellmayr&Conover1942,MeyerdeSchauensee1970)considered a subspecies of Zenaida asiatica. Treatment here as a separate species follows split from Z.asiatica inBaptistaetal.(1997)andJohnson&Clayton(2000b),andfollowedbyGibbsetal.(2001);theyformasuperspecies.CroakingGround-Dove-ColumbinacruzianaCommonalongthecoastBare-facedGround-Dove-Metriopeliaceciliae2atTampumayo

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Family:CUCULIDAEGroove-billedAni-CrotophagasulcirostrisAfewonthecoastFamily:STRIGIDAEEKoepcke’s(Apurimac)ScreechOwl-Megascopskoepckeae*TheseApurimacbirdsmayrepresentthehockingiisubspecies–slightvocaldifferencesbetweentheseandthenorthernPeruvianpopulations,andtheytendtoignoreplaybackofthenortherncalls.BurrowingOwl-Athenecunicularia3seennearNazcaofthecoastalnanoidesraceFamily:CAPRIMULGIDAELesserNighthawk-ChordeilesacutipennisSeenatdusknearNazcaFamily:APODIDAEWhite-collaredSwift-StreptoprocnerutilaAlargegroupatNazcaChimneySwift-ChaeturapelagicaAtleastonenearNazcaAndeanSwift-AeronautesandecolusAround40seennearNazcaandothersnearAbancayFamily:TROCHILIDAEAmaziliaHumingbird-AmaziliaamaziliaOneonthecoastGiantHummingbird-PatagonagigasAfewhereandthere–heworldslargestHummerShiningSunbeam-AglaeactiscupripenniscaumatonotusSeenaboveAbancay-commonRRGreatSapphirewing–PterophanescyanopterusSeenataboveAbancay–theworldssecondlargestHummerGreen-tailedTrainbearer–LesbianunaOneaboveAbancay.LesbiaisGreek–awomanofLesbos.Nuna–namedforfictitiousIndianvirginNouna-KoaliinJeanF.Denis’snovelPurple-backedThronbill-RamphomicronmicrorhynchumEither4orrepeatedviewsofthesamepairaboveAbancay.Notoutofplaceherebutitwassurprise!TyrianMetaltail-MetalluratyrianthinaAfewaboveAbancay.VariouslyknownasRoyalpurple,Tyrianpurple,purpleoftheancients,thisancientdyestuff,mentioned in texts dating about 1600BC,wasproduced from themucusof thehypobranchialgland of various species ofmarinemolluscs, notablyMurex. Although originating in old port of Tyre inmoderndaySyria(hencethename),man'sfirstlargescalechemicalindustryspreadthroughouttheworld.WiththedeclineoftheRomanEmpire,theuseofthedyealsodeclinedandlargescaleproductionceasedwith the fall of Constantinople in 1453. It was replaced by other cheaper dyes like lichen purple andmadder

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Purple-collaredWoodstar-MyrtisfannyAroundhaveadozenbeforebreakfastatNazca.NamedforFrancis“Fanny”Wilsondied1846,wifeofcollectorEdwardWilson.OasisHummingbird-Rhodopisvesper2nearNazca.NotnamedforthatManCitysupportingBritishRockBand!RRPeruvianSheartail-ThaumasturacoraFournearNazca

MalePeruvianSheartail

Family:PICIDAEAndeanFlicker-ColaptesrupicolaCommoninthehighlandsFamily:FALCONIDAEMountainCaracara-PhalcoboenusmegalopterusCommoninthehighlandsAmericanKestrel-FalcosparveriusCommonAplomadoFalcon–FalcofemoralisCoollooksofonechasingandcatchingabirdandthenposingforphotoswithitspreyonafencepostatthePampasGalerasReservePeregrineFalcon-FalcoperegrinusTwoseenalongthecoastFamily:PSITTACIDAEMitredParakeet-Aratingamitrata[alticola]Wefoundthisspecies intheApurimaccanyon.Allocationtosubspecies ishighlyconfusing– it’spossiblethat the Apurimac birds represent a different subspecies, but throughout its range, this species is sovariable in plumage characteristics. There is a paper proposing numerous splits in the complex but it’s

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basedsolelyonmorphologicalcharacteristics,nogeneticorvocaldatawerepresented.“VariableParakeet”wouldbeamoresuitablevernacularname.Family:RHINOCRYPTIDAEE[Ampay]Tapaculosp.nov–Scytalopussp.novSeenwellbyallaboveAbancay.RestrictedtotheAmpaymassif–oneinthetickbank!IfyouweretocallitanythingnowthenitwouldbeIsupposeVilcabambaTapaculo–seeBirdsoftheHighAndesp440

“Ampay”Tapaculo–BarryWalker

EThick-billedMiner-Geosittacrassirostris–3draggeduptheslopewithplaybackaboveNazcainthefoothilldesert

Thick-billedMiner

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Buff-breastedEarthcreeper-UpucerthiavalidirostrisSeen along the Huanipaca Road. Although the jelskii subspecies group has been considered separatespecies from U. validirostris in most recent classifications (e.g., Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Ridgely &Tudor1994,Sibley&Monroe1990),evidencefortheirtreatmentassuch isweak(Remsen2003).Earlierclassificationstreatedthemasconspecific(e.g.,Cory&Hellmayr1925,Peters1951).AreportofsympatryinsouthernBolivia(Cabot1990)isbasedonamisidentification(Remsen2003).Geneticdata(Chesseretal.2007, Fjeldsa et al. 2007) confirm that they are sister taxa but weakly differentiated (Derryberry et al.2011). Areta & Pearman (2009, 2013) found no differences in their voices. Areta & Pearman (2013)proposed that theybe treatedas conspecific. SACCproposalpassed to treat themas conspecific. SACCproposalpassedtousetheEnglishnameBuff-breastedEarthcreeperforbroadlydefinedU.validirostris.Cream-wingedCinclodes-CinclodesalbiventrisCommonaroundAbraMalaga area; Jaramillo (2003) suggested that the albiventris groupmightwarrantrecognition as a separate species from Bar-winged Cinclodes Cinclodes fuscus. Unfortunately, Chesser's(2004a)samplingdidnot includepopulationsofC.fuscus fromtheAndesnorthofArgentina.Sanínetal.(2009) sampled C. fuscus from throughout its range and found that it was polyphyletic, with variouspopulations more closely related to C. olrogi, C. oustaleti, C. comechingonus, and C. antarcticus. SACCproposalpassed toelevate thealbiventrisandalbidiventrisgroups tospecies rank.As forEnglishnames,Jaramillo (2003) proposed Cream-winged Cinclodes for C. albiventris and Buff-winged Cinclodes for C.fuscus,andJaramillo(seeproposal415)proposedChestnut-wingedCinclodesforC.albidiventris.ESurf(PeruvianSeaside)Cinclodes-CinclodesaricomaeNicelooksonCravanziIslandattheendofthepelagic.StreakedTit-Spinetail-LeptasthenurastriataTwoonthewayfromNazcatoPuquio.ECreamy–breasted[Pale-tailed]Canastero-Astheneshuancavelicaeusheri Verygood looksat responsivebirdsopposite theTampumayoHotel..Taxonomyfor this speciescomplexandisstillhotlydebatedwithatleasttwootherPeruvianendemicformsyettobedescribed.Somecallthisform“Pale-tailedCanastero”–andisrankedasVULNERABLE

Pale-tailedCanstero–FabriceSchmitt

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ECreamy–breasted[Dark-winged]Canastero-Astheneshuancavelicaessp.novSeen before lunch at the Pampas Galeras reserve. The SACC says: The subspecies huancavelicae andarequipaewereconsideredseparatespecies ("Pale-tailedCanastero"and"Dark-wingedCanastero") fromAsthenes dorbignyi by Fjelds & Krabbe (1990) and Ridgely & Tudor (1994). SACC proposal to recognizehuancavelicaeandarequipaeasseparatespeciesdidnotpassbecausepublisheddataareincompleteandinsufficient.Streak-throatedCanastero-Astheneshumilis4individualsseenwellparticularlyatPampasGalerasERusty-frontedCanastero-Asthenesottonis2seenalongtheHuanipacaRoadECreamy-crestedSpinetail-CranioleucaalbicapillaalbicapillaSeenaboveAbancayECactusCanastero-PseudasthenescactorumSeenwellafterasearchaboveNazca.Irestedtetal.(2006)andMoyleetal.(2009)foundthatAsthenesisapolyphyleticgenus.Derryberryetal.(2010b,2011),withmorecompletetaxon-sampling,showedthatfourspeciescurrentlyplacedinAsthenesareactuallymorecloselyrelatedtoagroupofgenerathatconsistsofPseudoseisura,Xenerpestes,etc.,andnamedanewgenus,Pseudasthenes,forthesefourspecies(humicola,patagonica,steinbachi,cactorum).SACCproposalpassedtorecognizePseudasthenes.EApurimacSpinetail-Synallaxiscourseni2seenmoreheard–restrictedtotheApurimacendemicareaandoneofourtargetbirds.NamedforUSbusinessmanCharlesBlairCoursen–PresidentoftheBiologicalSupplyHouseofChicago.VULNERABLE

ApurimacSpinetail–DaveKrueper

Family:TYRANNIDAEWhite-crestedElaenia–ElaeniaalbicepsSeveralofthemodestasubspeciesnearNazca,whichmaydeservespeciesrankasPeruvianElaeniaSouthernBeardlessTyrannulet-CamptostomaobsoletumOneofthegriseumsubpspeciesnearNazca

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TuftedTit-Tyrant-Anairetesparulus2nearAbancayRRPied-crestedTit-TyrantAnairetesreguloidesAboveNazcaVermillionFlycatcher-PyrocephalusrubinusOnthecoastBlackPhoebe-SayornisnigricansTwoalongtheroadnearPuquioWhite-browedChat-Tyrant-OchthoecaleucophrysCommonStreak-throatedBush-Tyrant-MyiotheretesstriaticollisOneseenrepeatedlyontheHuanipacaRoadBlack-billedShrike-Tyrant-AgriornismontanaOneindividualseenattheHuanipacaroadjunctionRufous-napedGround-Tyrant-MuscisaxicolarufivertexOneatthenestontheHuanipacaRoad

Short-tailedField-Tyrant–Muscigrallabrevicauda2inthevineyardsatNazca

Short-tailedField-Tyrant

White-wingedBlackTyrant-KnipolegusaterrimusAround10malenearChalhuancaTropicalKingbird–TyrannusmelancholicusOnthecoastFamily:COTINGIDAERed-crestedCotinga–AmpelionrubrocristataWehadveryniceviewsof4+AboveAbancay

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Family:HIRUNDINIDAEPurpleMartin-PrognesubisBrown-belliedSwallow–NotiochelidonmurinaCommonhigherBlue-and-whiteSwallow–NotiochelidoncyanoleucaCommonlowerFamily:TROGLODYTIDAEHouseWren-TroglodytesaedonCommonFamily:TURDIDAEChiguancoThrush-TurduschiguancochiguancoCommonGreatThrush-TurdusfuscaterockenderiCommon.ProbablyacrypticspeciesinvolvedwherewesawitnearChalhuancaFamily:MIMIDAELong-tailedMockingbird-MimuslongicaudatusCommononthecoastandatNazcaFamily:THRAUPIDAEBlue-grayTanager–ThraupisepiscopusOnthecoast–herewithoutwhitewingbarsBlue-and-yellowTanager-ThraupisbonariensisFeedingaggregateseenatChalhuancaCinereousConebill-ConirostrumcinereumcinereumCommonBlack-throatedFlower-piercer-DiglossabrunneiventrisCommonMaskedFlowerpiercer-DiglossopiscyaneaSeenontheHuanipacaroadRustyFlowerpiercer-DiglossasittoidesPeruvianSierra-Finch-PhrygiluspunensisMourningSierra-Finch-Phrygilusfruticeti6nearthehighpassPlumbeousSierra-Finch-PhrygilusunicolorAfewinhigherareasAsh-breastedSierra-Finch-PhrygilusplebejusCommonBand-tailedSierra-Finch-Phrygilusalaudinus4seenintotal

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RRSlender-billedFinch–Xenospingusconcolor16+seenalongthecoastatNazcaincludingconfusingimmaturesEChestnut-breastedMountain-Finch-PoospizacaesarWhataclassyendemic-3seenalongtheHuanipacaroad

Chestnut-breastedMountain-Finch-IanMerrill

RRCollaredWarblingFinch-Poospizahispaniolensis4nearNazcaBright-rumpedYellowFinch-Sicalisuropygilais8onthehigherpunanearLlamacorralsParrot-billedSeedeater-SporophilaperuvianaRRDrabSeedeater-SporophilasimplexChestnut-throatedSeedeater-Sporophilatelasco2atNazcaBand-tailedSeedeater–CatameniaanalisanalisCommonintheApurimacareaPlain-coloredSeedeater-CatameniainornatainornataFairlycommonatPampasGalerasINCERTAESEDISForthefollowingspeciestherearecurrentlySACCproposalsneededorimpending,orawaitingfurtherresearchastotheirexacttaxonomicplacement/treatmentGolden-billedSaltator-SaltatoraurantiirostrisalbociliarisSeenaroundAbancay

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StreakedSaltator–Saltatormaximus2oftheunstreakedformnearNazcaFamily:EMBEZERIDAERufous-collaredSparrow-ZonatrichiacapensisCommonEApurimacBrush-finch-AtlapetesforbesiVerygoodviewsof5individualsaboveAbancayENDANGERED

ApurimacBrush-Finch–FabriceSchmitt

Family:CARDINELLIDAEBlack-backedGrosbeak-PheucticusaureoventrisCommonnearChalhauncaFamily:ICTERIDAEScrubBlackbird-DiveswarszewicziCommononthecoastPeruvianMeadowlark-Sturnellabellicosa2withtheThick-kneesatLurinShinyCowbird-MolothrusbonariensisFamily:FRINGILLIDAEHoodedSiskin-CarduelismagellanicaurubambensisSeenaboveAbancayFamily:PASSERIDAEHouseSparrow–PasserdomesticusOnthecoastonly

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MAMMALSMountainViscacha-Lagidiumperuanum2-3seenatthePampasGalerasreserveVicuña-VicugnavicugnaCommononthehighPunaespeciallypassingthroughthePampasGallerasVicunaReserve.ItisoneoftwowildSouthAmericancamelids,alongwiththeguanaco,whichliveinthehighalpineareasoftheAndes.Itisarelativeofthellama,andisnowbelievedtoshareawildancestorwithdomesticatedalpacas,whichareraised for their fiber. Vicuñas produce small amounts of extremely fine wool, which is very expensivebecause the animal can only be shorn every 3 years and has to be caught from thewild.When knittedtogether,theproductofthevicuña'sfurisverysoftandwarm.ItisunderstoodthattheIncavaluedvicuñashighlyfortheirwool,andthatitwasagainstthelawforanybutroyaltytowearvicuñagarments.Lama-LamaglamaAdomesticatedSouthAmericancamelid,widelyusedasameatandpackanimalbyAndeanculturessincepre-Hispanictimes.Alpaca–VicugnapacosAdomesticatedspeciesofSouthAmericancamelid.Itresemblesasmallllamainappearance.SouthAmericanSeaLion-OtariaflavescensTheSouthAmericansealionisfoundalongthecoastsandoffshoreislandsofSouthAmerica,fromPerusouthtoChileinthePacificandthennorthtosouthernBrazilintheAtlanticCommonDolphin-DelphinusdelphisAfewonthepelagicoutnumberedbythenext.SeveralspeciesmaybeinvolvedDuskyDolphin-Lagenorhynchusobscurus-AdolphinfoundincoastalwatersintheSouthernHemisphere

MountainViscacha–DaveKrueper

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SouthAmericanSeaLion