Module 1- Assembling Disassembling

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Saint Michael College Cantilan, Surigao del Sur MODULE 1- COMPUTER ASSEMBLING/ DISASSEMBLING Computer – is an electronic machine used to process data. Four elements of computer system: 1. Hardware - is any part of computer that you can touch, such as the monitor, the keyboard, and the mouse. 2. Software - is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it. 3. People – also known as users, operate the computer hardware. 4. Data- consist of raw facts. They can be in the form of letters, numbers, sounds, and pictures. Basic parts of the computer: 1. Monitor – it looks like a TV screen. 2. Keyboard – the typewriter like peripheral that allows the user to enter character input into a computer. 3. Mouse- the primary input device, it has a special ball that allows you to roll it around on a pad and move the cursor around on the screen. 4. Printer – it is used to print on paper what you have done in your computer. 5. CPU case Input Devices: 1. Keyboard 5. Joystick 2. Mouse 6. Scanner 3. Trackball 7. Digital Camera 4. Touchpad 8. Graphic Tablet Output Devices: 1. Monitor 2. Printer 3. Speaker Storage Devices: 1. CD ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) 2. DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) 3. Floppy Disk 4. Hard Disk 5. Flash Disk or Memory Keys Tools: Hardware: 1. Screwdriver - Flat screwdriver - Star screwdriver 2. Pliers 1

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Transcript of Module 1- Assembling Disassembling

Page 1: Module 1- Assembling Disassembling

Saint Michael CollegeCantilan, Surigao del Sur

MODULE 1- COMPUTER ASSEMBLING/ DISASSEMBLING

Computer – is an electronic machine used to process data.

Four elements of computer system:1. Hardware - is any part of computer that you can touch, such as the monitor, the keyboard, and the

mouse.2. Software - is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it.3. People – also known as users, operate the computer hardware.4. Data- consist of raw facts. They can be in the form of letters, numbers, sounds, and pictures.

Basic parts of the computer:1. Monitor – it looks like a TV screen.2. Keyboard – the typewriter like peripheral that allows the user to enter character input into a

computer.3. Mouse- the primary input device, it has a special ball that allows you to roll it around on a pad and

move the cursor around on the screen.4. Printer – it is used to print on paper what you have done in your computer.5. CPU case

Input Devices:1. Keyboard 5. Joystick2. Mouse 6. Scanner3. Trackball 7. Digital Camera4. Touchpad 8. Graphic Tablet

Output Devices:1. Monitor2. Printer3. Speaker

Storage Devices:1. CD ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory)2. DVD (Digital Versatile Disc)3. Floppy Disk4. Hard Disk5. Flash Disk or Memory Keys

Tools:Hardware:

1. Screwdriver- Flat screwdriver- Star screwdriver

2. Pliers3. Flashlight

Types of Monitor:1. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) – a common type of computer display that is similar in design to a

television.2. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) – a type of monitor display that takes up very little desk space and

uses fluorescent backlighting to create the display.

A flat panel display is the desktop version of the display you find in laptop computers. The advantages of a flat panel are as follows:

Requires less space and less power than a CRT. Has no geometric distortion. May deliver a sharper image.

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Types of Keyboard:1. QWERTY Keyboard (Sholes key layout) - the standard keyboard, meaning that the alphabetic

keys are arranged in the following pattern:

QWERT YUIOPASDFG HJKLZXCVB NM

2. Dvorak Keyboard – the most alternative, designed by University of Washington professor August Dvorak and William Dealey in 1936. The Dvorak layout uses the following pattern:

PY FGCRLAOEUI DHTNSQJKX BMWVZ

3. Logitech Cordless Comfort Duo – is a representative keyboard the mouse combination providing a split keyboard, wireless connections to eliminate cables and untether you from the computer itself.

Kinds of Mouse:1. Mechanical mouse – a type of pointing device that uses a rubberized ball and mechanical wheels

to track movement over a surface.2. Optical mouse – a type of pointing device that uses light and a tiny camera to track movement

over a surface. This kind of mouse is easy to maintain, as it doesn’t collect dust and grime; it also doesn’t require a specialized mousing surface.

Types of Printer:1. Dot matrix printer – work by using a grid, or matrix, of tiny pins that strike an inked ribbon against

the paper to print a character.2. Inkjet printer – work by squirting tiny droplets of ink from tiny nozzles, or jets, riding on a print head

that moves back and forth across the paper. 3. Laser printer – a type of printer that creates an image on the page using a sophisticated system

involving a laser beam, a photosensitive drum, and powder fine toner. Laser printers deliver high print quality, but are used mainly for black and white printing.

CPU cases:1. Full tower cases – a type of PC case that provides the maximum amount of interior space and

many drive bays. At least two feet tall, this kind of case normally sits vertically on the floor, rather than flat on a desktop.

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2. Mid tower case – a popular type of PC that combines flexibility with space saving design. With an average height of about 20 inches, these cases can sit unobtrusively on a desktop, but they still offer enough drive bays to handle most user’s needs.

3. Mini tower case – the smallest type of PC case designed to stand upright. Although these cases are useful where desk space is limited, they limit the number of drives that can be installed in the system.

4. Desktop case – a type of PC case that is designed to lie flat, usually under the monitor, and

generally offers little capacity for expansion.

5. Server case – a type of computer case that’s designed to accommodate the space and expandability needs of servers. These cases tend to be square, rather than rectangular like tower case.

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6. Rack mount case – a type of computer case designed to fasten into a server rack; used by businesses as a space efficient way to organize large numbers of servers.

Internal Components of the PC (Personal Computer):

1. Motherboard - is the heart of the computer.- the big printed circuit board that covers most of the bottom of the system unit. The motherboard’s main job is to provide an area where all the internal components of the PC can connect.

Types of Motherboard: AT - a motherboard form factor invented by IBM in the early 1980’s, it featured a

large keyboard plug and split P8/P9 power socket.

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ATX – the motherboard form factor that now dominates the PC market. It features a large number of external connectors, including PS/2 connectors for the keyboard and mouse and P1 power socket.

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Parts of the motherboard:

CPU socket or ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) Socket

CPU fan power connector

Heat sink /fan – the heat sink will pull excess heat away from the CPU core and a fan to draw the heat from the heat sink.

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Memory slots – motherboard components that accept RAM sticks. Generally located near the CPU, they can be easily distinguished by the latches on either side that secure the DIMM or RIMM modules.

Types of memory slots:

DIMM (Double or Dual Inline Memory Module) –comes in 168 pin SDRAM and 184 pin DDR SDRAM

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SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module) – older style RAM stick that came in 72 pin and 30 pin configurations.

Main power connector – a connection between the outlet in your wall and the CPU and other components of your computer.

Types of connector: P1 – a plug used to connect an ATX power supply to an ATX motherboard,

compose of 20 pins

P8/P9 – a pair of plugs used to connect an AT power supply to an AT motherboard. P8/P9 connectors must be plugged in with the black wires next to each other. These connectors are faced and keyed, which is to say that they have different front and back faces and a small guide or key on one side so you cannot install them backward.

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Floppy connector – to support floppy drives

EIDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronic) connector – provides a standardized interface for hard drives, CD media drives and other EIDE devices.

Two types of EIDE cables: 40 wire – the older version of cables 80 wire – the newer version

Even though one cable has 80 wires and the other has 40 wires, they both have only 40 pins.

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Northbridge – it acts as an intermediary for all data transfers between the CPU and the RAM.

Southbridge – handles some expansion devices and mass storage drives, such as hard drives and floppy disk drives.

Expansion slots – special standardized ports on a motherboard that enable you to expand the capabilities of your system by adding components

Types of expansion slots: PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) slot – general purpose 32 bit,

33 MHz expansion slots, which are designed to enable quick communication between internal hardware add-ons and the CPU. It is also common to Communication and Networking Riser (CNR). PCI slots are used only for network cards and modems, devices that enable you to connect a computer to the internet and to smaller networks.

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AGP (Accelerated/ Advanced Graphic Port) – provide exclusive 32 bit, 66 MHz connections for video cards

CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) Battery – it enables the system to retain accurate date and time settings in the event of a complete power outage.

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Flash ROM (Read Only Memory) Chip or BIOS (Basic Input Output System) Chip – a small set of code that enables the CPU to communicate properly with the devices built into the motherboard. It usually has a small, silver label with the programming company’s name listed. It has 7x9 pin.

Front Panel Connector / LED (Light Emitting Diode) Power switch Reset switch HDD switch Speaker Power LED

Jumper and DIP Switches – jumper is a pair of wires that enable (turn on) or disable (turn off) by placing a small plastic and metal shunt over both wires. A DIP switch is a little plastic box, often blue, with tiny white switches. Flipping a switch from off to on enables that switch.

Back Panel Connector or External Ports – these connectors enable you to attach external devices to the PC, such as mouse and keyboard.

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Back of the system unit: Power input – where you plug in the PC’s electrical power cord. Mouse port/ connector – it has a color green Keyboard port/ connector – it has a color purple

USB (Universal Serial Bus) port

Serial port – it has a 9 pin connector, enable to connect older serial devices such as external modems.

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Parallel port – 25 pin, D-shaped female port used to attach a printer,

scanner, or other parallel device.

Video port – this unique three row, 15 pin is where the monitor connects to the system unit.

Audio ports – these are used to connect speakers, microphones, and other audio devices.

Game port – also known as joystick port, this 15 pin connector, two row, female, D-shaped port can be used both joysticks and for MIDI musical devices.

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Modem port – this looks like a telephone jack, and enable your computer to communicate with other computers via telephone line.

Network interface – it is sometimes referred to as Ethernet connector, it connects your PC to other PCs in a Local Area Network (LAN).

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2. CPU (Central Processing Unit) – also known as microprocessor. It is the brain of the computer, the place where all the work gets done.

3. RAM (Random Access Memory) / Memory Card – flat cards commonly referred to as sticks

of memory. They connect to the motherboard by snapping into specially designed slots.

Computer memory is measured in: KB (Kilobyte) – 1,024 MB (Megabyte) – 1,048, 576 GB (Gigabyte) – 1, 073, 741, 824 TB (Terabyte) - 1,024 gigabytes

Types of RAM: FPM (Fast Page Mode) – the original type of RAM used in PCs. It is now

obsolete. EDO (Extended Data Output) – was an improvement over FPM RAM,

allowing extended access to a particular RAS Wire. It, too, is now obsolete. FPM and EDO is asynchronous, they did not use a clock.

SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) – it run at certain speeds. These standards were the PC66, PC100, and PC 133 standards.

DDR (Double/ Dual Data Rate) SDRAM it can make two RAM accesses in each clock cycle. DDR SDRAM comes in four common speeds: DDR200 /PC 1600, DDR266/ PC2100, DDR333 / PC2700, DDR400 / PC3200.

RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory) – a very high speed type of clocked RAM that runs at 400 or 533 MHz, achieving these high speeds by accessing RAM four times per clock cycle. RDRAM comes in four speeds: PC600, PC700, PC800 and PC1066.

4. Hard Disk/Drive – the primary storage area. Hard drive store all of the software that it uses and all of the documents and pictures and other data that you create and save on the PC.

Types of Hard Disk: PATA (Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment) SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)

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- the device that is doing the controlling is called the master- the device that is not in charge in controlling is called the slave

PATA SATA

5. CD ROM Drive – are designed to read CDs.

- CD R (Compact Disc Recordable) allows you to write data, but only one time.- CD RW (Compact Disc Rewritable) enable you to read and write repeatedly

6. Floppy Disk/Drive

Two widths of floppy drive: 3 ½ inch bays 5 ¼ inch bays – it is the older hard drive bays.

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3 ½ inch 5 ¼ inch

7. Video card – acts as an interface between the computer and the monitor

8. Power supply – supply power to the computer.

Two types of power supply: AT ATX

Power supply connectors: Mini connector – a standard connector on 3 ½ inch floppy drives. Mini

connectors are referred to as floppy power connectors. Motherboard power Molex connector – the most common type of power connection for devices

that need 5 or 12 volts of power. The Molex connector has notches, called chamfers that are supposed to guide its installation.

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P4 power connector – designed based on Pentium 4 processors require a different type of power supply. The presence of the extra 12-volt, 4 pin connector indicates that the power supply is an ATX12V rather than a regular ATX power supply. Additionally the ATX12V power supply has a 6 pin auxiliary power connector (that looks exactly line one of the old AT P8/P9 connectors) that supplies 3.3 and 5-volts Dc current.

9. Sound card – provide the sound input and output for your PC.

10. LAN (Local Area Network) card or NIC ( Network Interface Card)

- use RJ (Registered Jack) 45. It is a type of connector used with CAT5/6 cabling for Ethernet networks. It supports up to four pairs of wires.

11. Modem card

- use RJ 11. A type of connector used for CAT1 (telephone) lines. It supports up to two pairs of wires, though most phone lines use only one pair.

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