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ZAINAB JAVEDDP-108-240
ASSIGNMENT ON
AMOXICILLIN
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AMOXICILLIN DRUG NAME(GENERIC)
CHEMICAL CLASS
THERAPEUTIC CLASS
PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASS
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
MECHANISM OF ACTION
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PHARMACOKINETICS INDICATIONS AND USES
CONTRAINDICATIONS
PRECAUTIONS
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
PEDIATRIC USE
GERIATRIC USE SIDE EFFECTS
DRUG INTERACTIONS
ADVERSE DRUG REACTON
DOSAGE FORMS
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
DOSES
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AMOXICILLIN DRUG NAME(GENERIC):
AMOXICILLIN
CHEMICAL CLASS :AMINOPENICILLIN
PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASS:
BROAD SPECTRUM PENICILLIN THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENT(ANTIBIOTIC)
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CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
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MECHANISM OF ACTION
Amoxicillin cause bacterial cell lysis byinterfering with the synthesis of bacterial cellwall peptidogylcan.
This interference occurs in 2 steps:1. Attachment to PBP on bacteria
2. Inhibition of transpeptidase enzyme that crosslinks the peptide chains attached to back boneof peptidoglycan.
Amoxicillin also inactivates the inhibitor ofautolytic enzymes leading to bacterial cell lysis.
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
MOLECULAR FORMULA
C16H19N3O5S
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
365.404 g/mol
WATER SOLUBILITY
3430 mg/L
PHYSIAL STATESolid
MELTING POINT
194C
DENSITY
320 g/ml
BOILING POINT
743.2C
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PHARMACOKINETICS
Route of administration is oral, intramuscular andintravenous.
Onset of action is 30 mints.
Peak plasma level is 1 to 2 hr.
Duration of action is 6 to 8 hr.
Oral absorption is rapid and bioavailability is 93%.
Plasma protein binding is 18%.
It crosses placenta and minor amount crosses blood brain
barrier. Volume of distribution is 15L/70kg
Metabolized in liver(less than 30%) and excreted in urine
Half life is 1.7hr and clearence is 10.8L/h/70kg.
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INDICATIONS AND USES
AMOXICILLIN is used in following conditions
1. Infections of EAR,NOSE and THROAT
2. Infections of LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT3. Infections of SKIN
4. Infections of GENITOURINARY TRACT
5. GONORRHOEA,ACUTE UNCOMPLICATEDANO-GENITAL and URETHRAL INFECTIONS.
6. H.pylorieradication to reduce risk of duodenalulcer recurrence.
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CONTRAINDICATIONS AND
PRECAUTIONS
Amoxicillin is contraindicated in patients withhistory of previous hypersensitivity reactionto any of the penicillins or any component offormulation.
Amoxicillin is used in following conditionswith precaution;
I. Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
II. Renal insufficiency
III. Repeated or prolonged therapy.
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USE IN
PREGNANCY,LACTATION,PEDIATRICSAND GERIATRICS Pregnancy category B. safety for use in
pregnancy has not been established.
Amoxicillin is excreted in milk in traces, so it canbe used with caution.
In pediatrics, amoxicillin elimination can be
delayed due to incomplete development of renalfunctions, so dose should be modified.
In geriatrics, renal function is decreased so careshould be taken in dose selection and renal
function should be monitored.
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SIDE EFFECTS
CNS:
Fever, headache
RESPIRATORY:
Anaphylaxis, respiratory distress
GIT:
Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
HEMATOLOGICAL:Anemia, bone marrow depression
SKIN:
Rash
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DRUG INTERACTIONS
CHLORAMPHENICOL,TETRACYCLINES,
MACROLIDES:
inhibits anti-bacterial activity of
amoxicillin. So, amoxicillin should beadministered 3hr before these drugs.
ATENOLOL :
its serum level is decreased by amoxicillin
PROBENECID:
slows the rate of renal tubular secretion ofamoxicillin.
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ADR and DOSAGE FORMS
Hypersensitivity is main ADR associated withamoxicillin.
Amoxicillin is available in following forms:a) INJECTIONS
b) TABLETS
c) CAPSULESd) POWDER FOR INJECTION
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PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONSTRADE
NAME
MANUFACTU
RER
DOSAGE
FORMS
STENGTH PRICE
AMOXIL GSK capsinj
250mg,500mg250mg,500mg
62.09,149.8338.4,533.3
WYMOX Wyeth Capssusp
250mg,500mg125mg,25omg
299.3,304.738.26,50.04
PRINCIMOX BMS Capssusp
250mg,500mg125mg,250mg
310.42,749.239.04,51.21
ZOXICILLIN Zafa Capsdrops
250mg,500mg100mg/ml
32.25,60.0020.55
SKYMOX Hamaz Capsdrops
250mg,500mg
125mg/1.25ml
258.52,45522.27
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DOSES
ORAL:
Adult 250mg every 8 hrs, doubled in severeconditions
Child 125mg every 8 hrs, doubled in severeconditions
INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION:
Adult 500mg every 8 hr
Child 50-100mg/kg daily INTRAVENOUS INJECTION:
Adult 500mg every 8 hr
Child 50-100mg/kg daily
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DRUG STABILITY
PROTECT THE PRODUCT FROMHEAT,LIGHT,MOISTURE
ORAL SUSPENSION (reconstituted solution)SHOULD BE STORED AT ROOMTEMPERATURE.AFTERRECONSTITUTION,STORE AT 2-8C AND
DISCARD AFTER 14 DAYS.
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THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION
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