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Young Italians in Australia. From a temporary to a permanent “journey” AUSTRALIA SOLO ANDATA
Young Italians in AustraliaFrom a temporary to a permanent “journey”
Michele Grigoletti 23rd September 2016
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Young Italians in Australia. From a temporary to a permanent “journey” AUSTRALIA SOLO ANDATA
Content• Official data from 2004 to 2015• Analysis of movements• Temporary Entrants
Working Holiday VisaStudents Visa457 VisaBridging Visa
• Permanent Residents• New Australian Citizens• Comparison between generations:
migrants during the ‘50 and today • Video-reportage: 88 days on Australian farms
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Young Italians in Australia. From a temporary to a permanent “journey” AUSTRALIA SOLO ANDATA
Video-reportage: 88 DAYS
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Italian Film Festival 2016
(Sydney September 25th)
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Young Italians in Australia. From a temporary to a permanent “journey” AUSTRALIA SOLO ANDATA
88 days on an Australian farm: trailer
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www.88days.com 25.000 views
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Young Italians in Australia. From a temporary to a permanent “journey” AUSTRALIA SOLO ANDATA
Transition from temporary to permanent residence
5
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Temporary Work (457)
Student
Working Holiday Maker
Visitor
Transizione a residente permanente Non diventa permanente
Note: Total sample contain 56 million visa and it has a total base of 30 million of individual which hold a temporary or permanent visa between 2000 and 2010.
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Young Italians in Australia. From a temporary to a permanent “journey” AUSTRALIA SOLO ANDATA
Temporary Residents
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• 22.390 Italian citizens physically in Australia on 30th
September 2015.
• +20% compared to 18.60930th September 2013.
Visa typeVisitor Student Work
HolidayTemp Skilled
Temp Graduate
Other Temp
Bridging
Total
Italian Citizen 2 760 4 690 9 020 3 990 60 570 1 300 22 390
Visitor12%
Student21%
Working Holiday
40%
Temp Skilled
18%
Other Temp
3%
Bridging6%
Altra9%
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Young Italians in Australia. From a temporary to a permanent “journey” AUSTRALIA SOLO ANDATA
Migration flow: seasonal trend
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0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000(2007-2015)
Totale residenti temporanei Residenti temporanei senza turisti
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Young Italians in Australia. From a temporary to a permanent “journey” AUSTRALIA SOLO ANDATA
How does the migration choice happen?
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Motivations(attributes)
Benefits of workingon a farm
Re-discoveredvalues
Unemployment.Looking for employment.
Meet lots of peopleMeritocracy
Believe in themselves
Distance: Australia is very far from Italy.
Share the experience with peers. Creation of community, new family.
Self-esteem, stand strong.
Nothing to lose. No hope.
New friends. Friendship. Independence. Self-sufficiency.
Frustration, unsatisfaction. Money: earn money and saving.
Serenity. Tranquility.Inner peace.
Visiting a «dream» place. Working on the nature. Sacrifice. Aims. Fight for something (purpose).
Travel. Adventure. Curiosity. Beautiful landscape and new amazing animals.
Rediscover themself.
Escape the daily routine. Tranquillity. Serenity. Respect.
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Young Italians in Australia. From a temporary to a permanent “journey” AUSTRALIA SOLO ANDATA
What does […] represent to you?
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Italy AustraliaFamily Opportunity/Possibility
Friends People are: open, sincere, wonderful, happy, cozy, sunny, kind, friendly, quiet, helpful, respectful,
friendly, sereneHome Meritocracy
Food Employement and money
Blood, rooth, land, origins Happiness, serenity, tranquility and relaxed lifeOld Country: society need a new reorganisation; country in decline, endless burocracy
Growth, change, hope, trust, rights
Ingustice Rigid immigration policy system that exploits, too controlled, lack of certainty (linked to residence visa)
Lack of: satisfaction, respect, recognition, meritocracy, civic sense;Lack of: growth, opportunities, future, hope;Lack of jobs
Loneliness
People are: disonest, incivil, envious , thieves, lazy, plaintive
RacismPeople are: racist, lazy, amoral
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Young Italians in Australia. From a temporary to a permanent “journey” AUSTRALIA SOLO ANDATA
Demographic analysis: ages
10
26-30 years old
Differences between Italians,
Germans and French
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
% First Working Holiday Visa
Italia Germania Francia
2nd W.H. Italy 26,2%France 13,6%Germany 7,0%
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Young Italians in Australia. From a temporary to a permanent “journey” AUSTRALIA SOLO ANDATA
Demographic analysis: gender (1)
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W.H.Discrepanciesbetween
gender
Italy 66,0%France 56,8%Germany 46,9%Sweden 40,8%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Italy. Gender discrepancies. Total Values.
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Young Italians in Australia. From a temporary to a permanent “journey” AUSTRALIA SOLO ANDATA
Italian students and the cash-in-hand economy in the hospitality sector1. The upper limit (40 hours/forthnight) does not allow them to have enough income to ensure the ability to live independently in many Australian cities. 2. Cash-in-hand is rarely perceived as exploitation. The research shows that cash-in-hand work is able to guarantee earnings, even higher than the average in the same field.
3. Interviewers accept cash-in hand payments as it is also a common practice in their own country and it is commonly considered an opportunity to earn real money, the main reason why they left Italy in the first place.
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Young Italians in Australia. From a temporary to a permanent “journey” AUSTRALIA SOLO ANDATA
Italian Resident Population (2015)
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Years 1996 2001 2006 2011 2015I ERP 250.360 229.850 218.040 201.680 198.230
Median Age 58,1 61,9 65,4 68,5 69,3Age Groups
00 – 14 1.010 1.010 1.080 1.160 1.60015 – 24 2.590 1.530 1.510 1.890 5.20025 – 34 13.190 6.060 3.640 4.470 12.60035 – 44 31.800 21.550 13.890 7.620 6.54045 – 54 56.810 48.280 31.430 21.780 15.74055 – 64 66.720 55.500 55.180 46.750 32.66065 – 74 54.770 61.420 61.480 53.070 52.13075 + 23.490 34.510 49.850 64.960 71.760Italians 250.360 229.850 218.040 201.680 198.230
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Young Italians in Australia. From a temporary to a permanent “journey” AUSTRALIA SOLO ANDATA
Any Italian registered nurse? Why?
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2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
India 409 558 946 735 751 1088 871 434 170
Philiphines 261 387 365 219 252 475 526 364 220
UK 917 1139 1127 608 475 772 752 336 168
Irland 98 101 160 150 158 227 305 186 112
Germany 25 29 31 15 8 9 6 - -
Italy <5 <5 <5 - - - <5 - -
Cittadini stranieri presenti in Australia con visto di sponsorizzazione lavorativa 457 assunti in qualità di infermieriprofessionali (2544 Registered Nurse), suddivisi per nazione in esame. Serie storica. Anni 2006-2015.
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Young Italians in Australia. From a temporary to a permanent “journey” AUSTRALIA SOLO ANDATA
In the future We must keep studying the migration flow from Italy and Australia to
understand the impact on the Italian-Australian society and identify the reasons behind the choice to move to Australia
Some changes are expected in the upcoming years The Italian-Australian community needs this new migration flow, to
re-generate and grow stronger It is important that the government consider this phenomena while
creating new laws Some young Italians will return to Italy and they will see the Italian
societies with new eyes and apply what they have learned in Australia
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