Athens, 15th December 2015
RESULTS FROM SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF PM AT 5 SOUTHERN EUROPEAN CITIES
Xavier Querol, IDAEA-CSIC
Athens, 15th December 2015
B2. HARMONIZED 2013 PM10 & PM2.5 SOURCE APPORTIONMENT
1047 PM10 samples 1116 PM2.5 samples
PORTO
BARCELONA ATHENS
MILAN
FLORENCE
PORTO
BARCELONA ATHENS
MILAN
FLORENCE
PORTO
BARCELONA ATHENS
MILAN
FLORENCE
ATHENS
UB
UB
UB
SUBTR
TR
Athens, 15th December 2015
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
BCN-UB BCN-TR POR-TR FI-UB MIL-UB ATH-SUB ATH-TR
µg/
m3
PM10 DLV (2008/50/EC)
DAILY (P90.4)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
BCN-UB BCN-TR POR-TR FI-UB MIL-UB ATH-SUB ATH-TR
µg
/m3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
BCN-UB BCN-TR POR-TR FI-UB MIL-UB ATH-SUB ATH-TR
µg/
m3
ALV (2008/50/EC)
ATV (2008/50/EC)
WHO GUIDE
WHO GUIDE
ANNUAL
ANNUAL
µg/
m3
µg/
m3
µg/
m3
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
BCN-UB BCN-TR POR-TR FI-UB MIL-UB ATH-SUB ATH-TR
µg/
m3
PM2.5/PM10
B2. HARMONIZED 2013 PM10 & PM2.5 SOURCE APPORTIONMENT
PM2.5
PM10
Athens, 15th December 2015
Example PM10
B2. HARMONIZED 2013 PM10 & PM2.5 SOURCE APPORTIONMENT
Athens, 15th December 2015
34%
31%
20%
11%
4%
22%
16%
46%
11%
5%
61%20%
14%
4%
1%
31%
37%
23%
7%
2%
45%
37%
6%
10%
2%BCN-UB FI-UB MLN-UB ATH-SUB
Primary: 35%Secondary: 65%
Primary: 19%Secondary: 81%
Primary: 32%Secondary: 68%
Primary: 18%Secondary: 82%
POR-TR ATH-TR
Primary: 62%Secondary: 38%
Primary: 34%Secondary: 66%
Secondary organics
Secondary inorganicsPrimary OM + EC
Primary: Mineral dust
Primary: Sea salt
PM2.5
37%
29%
27%
4%
3%
Primary: 30%Secondary: 70%
Primary: 35%Secondary: 65%
Primary: 32%Secondary: 68%
Primary: 18%Secondary: 82%
B2. HARMONIZATION & OBTENTION OF 2013 PM10 & PM2.5 SOURCE APPORTIONMENT
Athens, 15th December 2015
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
BCN-UB BCN-TRAFFPOR-TRAFF FI-UB MIL-UB ATH-SUB ATH-TRAFF
ng/
m3
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
BCN-UB BCN-TRAFFPOR-TRAFF FI-UB MIL-UB ATH-SUB ATH-TRAFF
ng/
m3
Levoglucosan
K
PM2.5
PM2.5
B2. HARMONIZATION & OBTENTION OF 2013 PM10 & PM2.5 SOURCE APPORTIONMENT
Athens, 15th December 2015
PM10 (annual mean)
1. Road Traffic is the main source contributing to PM10: 23-38% 1.1. Vehicle exhaust + traffic related NO3
- are the main causes: 21-29% (ATH 14%) 1.2. Non-exhaust vehicle emissions are also relevant: 8-11% (ATH-TR 20%) 2. Regional OC and/or SO4
2- dominated pollution: 20-26% (POR-TR 10%) 3. Local dust : 9-19% 4. Biomass burning very relevant in POR & FI (14-16%), less in ATH (7-11%), negligible in BCN 5. Industry BCN 11%, 4-5%, ATH <1% 6. Non traffic-NO3
- 6-12% (2% POR) 7. Shipping 4-5% in coastal sites 8. African dust ATH-SUB 14%, 1-5% 9. Sea salt POR 13%, 4-8% 10. Anthropogenic dust (Local dust + Non exhaust) reaches 19-27%
PM2.5 (annual mean)
1. Road Traffic is the main source contributing to PM2.5: 22-39% 1.1. Vehicle exhaust + traffic related NO3
- are the main causes: 11-34% 1.2. Non-exhaust vehicle emissions are also relevant: 5-9% (BCN&FI 1-2%) 2. Regional OC and/or SO4
2- dominated pollution: 19-37% (POR 13%) 3. Local dust: POR 16%, 2-6% 4. Biomass burning very relevant in MLN, FI & POR (18-21%), less in ATH (11-19%) , negligible in BCN 5. Industry 5-12%, ATH <1% 6. Non traffic-NO3
- 3-8% (POR 1%) 7. Shipping 5-7% in coastal sites 8. African dust: ATH 2-6%, <1% 9. Sea salt POR 5%, <1-3%, 10. Anthropogenic dust (Local dust + Non exhaust) reaches 10-21%, BCN 7%, FI 4%
28-42% (ATH-SUB 9%) 31-40% (ATH 11-19%) 1-9% BCN-MLN-ATH 11-24%, 2-6% POR 22%, 1-2%, ATH-TR <1% POR, FI <2%, MLN (26-33%), ATH-TR 16% BCN 18%, <1-3% BCN, FI, ATH & MLN 6-9% (1-3% POR ) 3-10% in coastal sites ATH-SUB 45%, ATH-TR 4%, 1% <1%-2% POR 15, 3-9%
PM2.5 (days of PM10 exceedance)
24-45% (ATH-SUB 9%) 30-34% (ATH 11-14%) 18-29% BCN-ATH 11-30%, 2-6% POR & ATH-SUB 13-27%, 1-4% POR,FI (25-30%),ATH-TR11%, <1 BCN,ATH-SUB BCN 17%, <1-3% BCN, FI 7-9%, 1-2% POR,ATH-SUB, 22% ATH-TR 3-5% in coastal sites 1%, ATH-SUB 25-52%, ATH-TR 5% ATH-SUB 7%, 1-3% 11-33%
PM10 (days of exceedance)
Athens, 15th December 2015
Athens Sources PM10 Traffic Station
summer winter
Average % Average Summer %
Average Winter %
Exhaust 3.18 9.8 1.24 4.4 4.57 12.8
Non Exhaust 6.40 19.7 3.56 12.6 8.43 23.7 Secondary Nitrates & Org. 3.97 12.2 0.85 3.0 6.21 17.5 Secondary Sulphates & Org. 6.38 19.7 8.85 31.4 4.63 13.0
Heavy Oil 1.84 5.6 1.91 6.8 1.78 5.0
Mineral Dust 4.43 13.6 7.16 25.4 2.48 7.0
Sea Salt 2.48 7.6 0.62 2.2 3.80 10.7
Biomass 3.80 11.7 4.03 14.3 3.65 10.3
32.49 100.00 28.21 100.00 35.54 100.00
Athens, 15th December 2015
Average % Average Summer %
Average Winter %
Exhaust 3.4 17.0 1.7 9.2 4.8 22.3
Non Exhaust 1.3 6.6 1.1 5.9 1.5 7.1
Nitrates + Organics 1.9 9.3 0.3 1.8 3.1 14.3
Sulfates 7.0 34.5 9.1 49.6 5.3 24.4
Heavy Oil 1.3 6.4 1.3 6.9 1.3 6.1
Soil 1.0 4.8 1.3 6.9 0.7 3.4
Sea Salt 0.4 2.0 0.2 1.0 0.6 2.6
Biomass 3.9 19.3 3.4 18.7 4.3 19.8
18.4 100.0 21.6 100.0
Athens Sources PM2.5 Traffic Station
Athens, 15th December 2015
Athens Sources Traffic Station 2013-2014
Athens, 15th December 2015
Athens Sources PM10 Traffic Station
Exhaust; 1,24; 5%
Non Exhaust;
3,56; 13%
Secondary Nitrates & Org.; 0,85;
3%
Secondary Sulphates
& Org.; 8,85; 31% Heavy Oil;
1,91; 7%
Mineral Dust; 7,16;
25%
Sea Salt; 0,62; 2%
Biomass; 4,03; 14%
ATH-TR PM10 Summer
Exhaust; 4,57; 13%
Non Exhaust;
8,43; 24%
Secondary Nitrates & Org.; 6,21;
17%
Secondary Sulphates
& Org.; 4,63; 13%
Heavy Oil; 1,78; 5%
Mineral Dust; 2,48;
7%
Sea Salt; 3,80; 11%
Biomass; 3,65; 10%
ATH-TR PM10 Winter
Athens, 15th December 2015
Athens Sources PM2.5 Traffic Station
Exhaust; 1,7; 9% Non
Exhaust; 1,1; 6%
Secondary Nitrates &
Org.; 0,3; 2%
Secondary Sulphates &
Org.; 9,1; 49%
Heavy Oil; 1,3; 7%
Mineral Dust; 1,3;
7%
Sea Salt; 0,2; 1%
Biomass burning; 3,4;
19%
ATH-TR PM2.5 SUMMER
Exhaust; 4,8; 22%
Non Exhaust; 1,5; 7%
Secondary Nitrates & Org.; 3,1;
14%
Secondary Sulphates &
Org.; 5,3; 24%
Heavy Oil; 1,3; 6%
Mineral Dust; 0,7;
4%
Sea Salt; 0,6; 3%
Biomass burning; 4,3; 20%
ATH-TR PM2.5 WINTER
Athens, 15th December 2015
Thank you very much for your attention!!!
http://airuse.eu [email protected]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
LIFE+ AIRUSE
Spain MAGRAMA, GenCat, Barcelona and Madrid City Councils Italy ARPA-Lombardia, Regione Lombardia, Regional Government of Tuscany, ARPA Toscana
Portugal Porto City Council, North Regional Coord. & DeveloP. Comm. (CCDR-N) Greece Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change
Spain M. Brritte Larka, A. Orio, M. Pallares, I. Hernández, A. Cristobal, E. Aulí
Portugal C. Figueiredo (CCDR-N); J. Monjardino (CENSE, Universidade Nova de Lisboa) Italy F. Forni (Regione Toscana),
Greece M. Lazaridis y Athina Progiou (Proyecto ACEPT AIR)
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