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Innovation in the water supply sector
by Hans Kriele, Country Manager Vietnam
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Water Su l in VietnamCurrent situation
• sector• technology
• issues
Need for innovation
• what to improve
• available technology
• 3 examples
Ex erience with innovation in Vietnam
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Water Su l Current situationTap water access
• 2008 26 % total population10% rural, 67% urban
Clean water access
• 2008 64 % total population
77% rural, 31% urban
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Water Su l Current situationWater sources
• 60 % surface• 35 % groundwater
• 5 % others
Water Quality Standard
• VN standard complies with WHO or better
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Water Su l Current situationAvailable technology
Domestic market• mainly conventional treatment (surface water:
coagulation – flocculation – sedimentation –
disinfection - sedimentation)+ additional filter treatment at home
Industrial market
• all technologies are available, someproduced/supplied/supported from within Vietnam
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Water Su l Current situationWater Issues
Quality/Quantity• Increased demand / insufficient good quality source
• poor testing in the domestic water supply market
• insufficient treated wastewater pollutes the source
• reluctance to know the real quality of drinking water
• people in the city don’t trust the supplied water
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Water Su l Current situationWater Issues
Treatment Plant – remarks of people in the water supply sector
• Insufficient training or participation in O&M phase
• BT projects may and have resulted in poor O&M of the
plant
• If O&M is carried out as supposed, the plant works fine
• (wrong O&M of home filters)
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Water Su l Current situationWater Issues
Distribution system – remarks of people in the water supply sector
• Official reported leakage ±30%
• Expected leakage is higher
• Cases of actual leakage lower than reported are known
• Management of distribution system could reduce UFW
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Water Su l Current situationWater Issues
water tariffs• Decree 88/CP allows for full cost recovery policy, based
• applied tariffs are far from sufficient to cover O&M costs
• The PPC covers the annual deficit in O&M costs
• Urban operators are heavily depended on subsidies
example tariff: HCMC 0,33USD/m3
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Water Su l Current situationWater Issues Industry
• Many treatment technologies are available
• current water issues: Quantity and quality issues, butsolved b a l in the ro er technolo
• pricing: for industrial zone slightly less problematic, can
ask higher price, but still a great concern for owner
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Need for Innovationmost important to improve for now:
• Operation & Maintenance (simplify, training,involvement)
• cost reduction
• increase quality control• increase awareness of good water quality
• increase actual water quality
• willingness to pay
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Need for InnovationAvailable techniques
• all of them
• issues: O&M, Support, costs
• so ve y:
• local presence
• innovative solutions
• financing
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Need for InnovationExample 1: l‘Eau Pure:
• Stainless steel skids - easier maintenance andincreased lifetime
• Traditional treatment process, standard extra GAC
treatment step• Capacity of 250-12500 m3/day, or even 24000 m3/day
• Mainly produced in Vietnam (costs 50% lower than
• Support from office in Vietnam.
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Need for Innovation• M&O by l'eau pure (increased involvement)
• Focusing on BOT projects. (concern about M&O)
• Currently considering lease project (short term<3 years)
(other plant)Sand Filtration
Coagulation –Floculation mixing tank
Lamella Settling
Storage tank
Outflow
Chemical storageInflow
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Need for InnovationExample 1: l‘Eau Pure:
• Easy O&M• Footprint similar to concrete structure
• Costs effective compared to concrete structure
• Support from supplier in Vietnam
• short installation time
• modular system and easy to relocate
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Need for InnovationExample 2: Taprogge – Terrawater
Specific solution for small scale desalination:• remote locations,
• poor source quality
• no distribution system
• easy O&M at very low costs
• support from Vietnam office
• energy cost nearly 0 (use of waste heat/solar heat)
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Need for InnovationExample 2: Taprogge – Terrawater
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Need for InnovationExample 2: Taprogge – Terrawater
Specific solution for small scale desalination:• high water quality from any source
• no chemical usage, no CO2 production
• hardly any O&M
• modular system (10 in 40 feet container)
• small footprint (compared with RO solutions)
• investment costs are higher than RO, but ‘no’ O&M
costs
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Need for InnovationExample 3: PWN-T : Perfector-R
• Optimized traditional surface water treatment plant• Optimized water intake
• modular system
• standard capacity of 5000, 10000, 20000 m3/day and jumbo of 200.000 m3/day
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Need for InnovationExample 3: PWN-T : Perfector-R
all treatment steps are improved:• special design of mixing weir -
> smaller and more effective
(less chemical usage)• site specific design of
flocculation compartments. ->
sma er an more e ec ve
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Adding PAC at the mixing weir
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Need for InnovationExample 3: PWN-T : Perfector-R
all treatment steps are improved:• Sedimentation tank: side inflow instead of standard
bottom inflow -> increased efficiency
• Sand filter: backwash with water only ->simplified O&M• minimum moving parts (traditional 49/Perfector-R 7)
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sedimentation tank with lamella plate
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Need for InnovationExample 3: PWN-T : Perfector-R
Improved water intake
•• automatic adjustment to river levelautomatic adjustment to river level
•• wa er n a e rom op ayer o r ver:wa er n a e rom op ayer o r ver:•• most sand flows underneath pontoonmost sand flows underneath pontoon
•• only little (small) sand is pumped to treatmentonly little (small) sand is pumped to treatment(no need for additional sand pre(no need for additional sand pre--sedimentation)sedimentation)
•• use of standard centrifugal pumpsuse of standard centrifugal pumps•••• higher energy efficiencyhigher energy efficiency•• easier/cheaper maintenanceeasier/cheaper maintenance
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Need for InnovationExample 3: PWN-T : Perfector-R
Advantages
• 30-40% less concrete than traditional plant
• low chemical & energy usage
• small footprint (25% of traditional plant)
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Ex erienceDomestic market
• Little experience with other systems than traditional,
except UF for household market
• Can Gio – pilot for the taprogge-terrawater
• Cao Lanh – Perfector R
Industrial market
• experience with all (major) techniques
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Ex erienceRemarks of people from the water sector in Vietnam:
•
• experience with traditional system, but hardlywith other systems – reluctant to change
• big local consultants are not very open fornew ideas. Current business runs well, they
control most of the market. No need forinnovation.
• insufficient quality control supplied water.Current ualit of su l is ‘acce ted’
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Ex erience• Denail of problem (for example no arsenic
• People don’t trust the quality of piped water
Experience with innovation
• Good experience with the Perfector-R of PWN-T
• Good review of the recently introduces smallscale desalination unit of Terrawater-Taprogge
• pre erence or goo rom urope apan(lots of experience with poor Chinese quality)
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Thank you
Contact person: mr. Hans Kriele, MSc.
.
e-mail: [email protected]: Witteveen+Bos Vietnam
31 Le Quy Don
ward 7, district 3, HCM Citye nam
Internet: www.witteveenbos.com
3117 November 2011
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