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WWI - WWII The Between Years
Lenin & Stalin
Lenin Rules Russia
Leaving WWI
Once in power, Lenin signed a peace treaty with _____________ that withdrew Russia from
WWI, and briefly gave Germany vast amounts of Russian _______.
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War (1918 – 1921) was between the Communists (_______), and those
loyal to the Czar (__________), who wanted to keep their ________.
To crush the Whites, Lenin ordered the ________________ of the Czar and his family. Soon
after, _______________ led the Red army to victory.
One Party Government (one party = dictatorship)
Instead of giving the people power, Lenin ruled as a
________________.
The ____________ party became the only party, and the _______,
Lenin’s secret police, violently enforced his will.
Just like the Czars before him, anyone who opposed Lenin was
________.
Power Struggle
Lenin’s death in 1922 caused a _________________ between Red
Army leader Leon Trotsky and Joseph ________, another popular
young Communist leader.
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Stalin won the power struggle, and to solidify his power he ______________ Trotsky from the
Soviet Union in 1929.
In 1940 Stalin sent an assassin to find and kill Trotsky. The assassin entered Trotsky’s home
in Mexico and murdered him with an ______________.
Stalin’s Soviet Union Reign of Terror
Stalin set up a ______________________ state to maintain his power, and ruled through
terror and brutality.
Totalitarianism -
___________ replaced religion in the USSR. Christians and Jews were killed or exiled,
churches were _________________ or turned into offices, and the ________ was illegal.
Portraits of Lenin and Stalin replaced religious ___________, and schools were told to teach
against the belief in _________.
In the 1930s Stalin launched several __________ in which
thousands were accused of crimes against the
government.
Those accused were given public _____________
_____________ in Moscow, and then executed or sent to
forced labor camps known as __________, where
few survived.
Historians estimate that during Stalin’s reign
somewhere between ___________ million people
died in the Gulags.
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The Rise of Hitler
Hitler’s Early Years
Young Hitler
Although the future dictator of Germany, Adolf Hitler was born in
______________. Hitler had no siblings and both his parents died at a
young age.
Hitler wanted to become an ________, but he twice failed the entrance
exam into the Fine Arts Academy of Vienna. This enraged Hitler, and he
used the Jews as a _______________ claiming they controlled
admissions.
Hitler later moved to _________________ and fought for the Kaiser in WWI. A decorated
soldier, Hitler suffered temporary blindness due to a _______ attack.
Hitler loved Germany and could not accept defeat. He hated Germany’s new
__________________ Republic for signing the humiliating Treaty of Versailles.
Hitler Leads the Nazis Nazi Fascism
In 1919 Hitler joined the ____________, a small fascist group (National Socialist German
Workers’ Party).
Fascism -.
Both Hitler and ______________, Italy’s fascist dictator, felt
democracy was weak because it put individual rights above
national goals. Both also believed in creating an imperial
______________ and crushing communism.
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Hitler was an intense, energetic, and motivating public _____________. These talents
quickly elevated Hitler to become the leader of the Nazi party. As leader Hitler perfected Nazi
ideology, and introduced symbols such as the __________ and the Nazi flag.
Hitler organized the Nazis into squads known as _____________________ who fought
against political enemies, such as the ________________________.
Beer Hall Putsch
Anxious for power, in 1923 Hitler led a takeover of a government meeting
at a Munich _________________.
Unfortunately for Hitler, the ___________ surrounded the beer hall, killed
several Nazis and ended his failed revolution.
Hitler was sentenced to prison, but because of a sympathetic judge he would spend less than
a _____ behind bars. During this time Hitler wrote __________.
Hitler’s Ideology
Mein Kampf
Mein Kampf (___________________) became the Nazi bible and a
German best seller. The book gives Hitler’s ideology of extreme
nationalism, racism, and ___________________.
Hitler believed that Jews were inferior and that Germans belonged
to a superior master race of ___________, or light -skinned
northern Europeans.
Hitler also argued that Germany needed to gain ____________________, or “living space” in
the east by conquering and then inhabiting the racially inferior countries of Poland and
Russia.
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Hitler also argued that the German military did not lose WWI but was _________________
by corrupt politicians, communists, and Jews.
Hitler’s dramatic failed putsch and new book made him _______________, and upon leaving
prison he gained many followers among veterans and those frustrated with the Weimar
Republic.
Winning the Masses
The Great Depression
Extreme _______________________ during the Great Depression caused Nazi membership
to grow. Hitler’s message of ending the Versailles _____________, job creation, militarism
and nationalism appealed to many.
With the democratic Weimar government weak and divided, the Nazis continued to win more
and more seats in the German legislature, known as the ________.
Hitler Appointed Chancellor
Because the Great Depression increased Nazi representation in the Reichstag, Hitler was
appointed ___________________ in January 1933.
However, Hitler did not have total control. Power in Germany was split ______ ways
between the chancellor, the Reichstag, and President Hindenburg. There was also the
________, which currently favored Hindenburg and the Reichstag, but not Hitler.
Path to Dictatorship
Step 1: The Reichstag Fire
The Reichstag building was mysteriously set ___________ less than
a month after Hitler was appointed chancellor.
Hitler convinced citizens that ___________________ were the
arsons, and had them banned from the Reichstag. However, today
historians believe ________ did it.
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Step 2: The Enabling Act
____________ then erupted in the streets between Nazi Brownshirts and German
communists. Property was destroyed and ___________ reigned.
Hoping to restore order and prevent a communist takeover the Reichstag agreed to the
_________________________ which gave Hitler power to single-handedly pass emergency
_________ for four years.
With the power to make his own laws Hitler threw out the democratic
constitution, banned other political parties, ____________ the media,
and spread Nazi ___________.
Those who protested the takeover were sent to concentration camps
by the _______________, a branch of Hitler’s SS (special security)
that carried out his brutality within Germany.
Step 3: Winning the Army
The _________ still did not support Hitler because they often fought with his Brownshirts, and
viewed them as competition.
To win over the army, in June of 1934 Hitler ordered the killing of nearly 500 Brownshirt
leaders on what was dubbed the “__________________________.” Army generals were now
pleased and supported Hitler.
Step 4: Der Fuhrer
President Hindenburg was Hitler’s last obstacle in the way of a
total __________________, but in August 1934 the aging
Hindenburg died.
With Hindenburg gone, Hitler declared himself “_______” or
ultimate leader of Germany. A _________________ was held and
the Germans voted in favor of having Hitler as Fuhrer.
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Hitler’s Rise to Power
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HITLER BECOMES
______________ (Power split three ways)
REICHSTAG _______
(Communists blamed, street fights, chaos)
___________ ACT
(Only Nazi party allowed, censorship, Reichstag powerless)
NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVES (Hitler purges
_________ - army now supports him)
DEATH OF PRESIDENT
_____________ (All opposition
gone)
HITLER DECLARES HIMSELF
__________ (Dictatorship
achieved)
How Did Hitler Become a Dictator?
Harsh Versailles
Treaty
Great Depression
Strong Leadership
Weak Weimar
Government
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The Road to World War II
Disturbing the Peace
After WWI, the _____________________________ of the 1930s brought chaos and
unemployment to Europe, which led to the rise of authoritarian dictators. ________
totalitarian regimes in Italy and Germany threatened to end the peace in Europe, while
aggressive ______________ militarism caused tension in Asia.
Japanese Aggression
Since the _______ Restoration Japan had been growing more nationalistic,
militaristic, and imperialistic. A military government controlled Japan, and it
desired a vast Asian ___________.
To attain this imperial goal Japan conquered _____________ in
1931. The League of Nations, which was formed to keep the peace
after WWI, merely condemned the aggression and took no
_________ against Japan.
Japan then conquered much of eastern __________ in 1937, brutally killing thousands in
what became known as the “________ of Nanking.” Again, the League of Nations did
nothing but protest.
Italian Aggression
Like Japan, fascist Italy was also militaristic, nationalistic, and had
dreams of an empire. Mussolini used his modern military to conquer
______________ in 1935.
Ethiopia appealed to the League of Nations for help, but the league
merely responded with _________________, or economic penalties,
against Italy. The sanctions were never _______________, and by 1936 Mussolini fully
controlled Ethiopia.
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Hitler’s Militarism
Seeking his own empire, Hitler rebuilt the German
________________. This violated the Treaty of Versailles, but once
again the League of Nations did nothing.
With a stronger military, in 1936 Hitler ordered troops to occupy the demilitarized
___________________, a region the Treaty of Versailles forbade German troops from
entering. Yet again, the League of Nations took no action.
Hitler challenged Britain and France and won. Although
they denounced Hitler’s moves with ___________, the
western powers took no action, adopting a policy of
appeasement.
Appeasement –.
Appeasement convinced Hitler that Britain and France were weak, which ________________
him to continue to break the Treaty of Versailles and further expand the Third Reich.
Overjoyed with their victory, the German public _____ behind their triumphant Fuhrer.
Why Choose Appeasement?
Lack of Strong
_____________
Great _____________
Weakness
____________ – Against all War
Hitler was a Defense
against ____________
Some _______ with Hitler
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The Axis Powers
In the face of appeasement weakness, in 1936 Italy, Germany, and Japan formed the
_______ alliance and agreed to allow each other to pursue their own empires and combat
Soviet communism.
Both Germany and Italy sent troops to ___________ to help fascist General Francisco
____________ gain power in the Spanish Civil War. During the action, Germany
experimented with its new planes and tanks, and Hitler was encouraged with the effective
results.
German Expansion
1. Austria Annexed
Hitler’s next goal was to unite _________ with Germany. Hitler
was popular in his native country, and many Austrians wanted to
be part of the German _________.
In 1938 Hitler forced the Austrian chancellor to put the Nazis in
power. When the chancellor refused, Hitler sent the German army
into Austria and _________________ the critics. Hitler again
broke the Versailles treaty, but the western powers did nothing.
2. Czechoslovakia
With Austria taken, in 1938 Hitler demanded the ________________________, which was
the western portion of Czechoslovakia that was mostly inhabited by Germans.
Hitler and Nazi propaganda leader Josef Goebbels fabricated stories of ___________ against
Germans living in the Sudetenland. To discuss the matter and avert war, the leaders of
Britain and France agreed to meet Hitler in _____________.
Fearing war, Britain and France _______________ Hitler at the
____________________________ and convinced
Czechoslovakia to give him the Sudetenland. With the
Sudetenland now part of the Third Reich, Hitler _______ he
would never again ask for more land.
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Shortly after Hitler was given the Sudetenland he broke the Munich agreement and ordered
his troops to also occupy the Czechoslovakian provinces of _____________ and
_____________.
Hitler then made ____________ a Nazi puppet state, which put the whole country of
Czechoslovakia under Nazi domination. Again, Britain and France did nothing to combat
Hitler’s aggression and ______.
3. The Polish Corridor
With Austria and Czechoslovakia in Nazi hands, Hitler turned east to Poland to attain his
quest for lebensraum. In 1939 Hitler demanded Poland give him the
____________________________, which was land that had been taken away after World
War I.
_________________ Hitler proved to be horribly unsuccessful, so Britain and France vowed
to ________________ Poland’s freedom and uphold the Treaty of Versailles, even if it meant
war with Nazi Germany.
With war on the horizon, both Britain and Nazi Germany worked to
gain an alliance with the __________. In 1939 Hitler announced to
the world a ____________________ pact with the Soviet Union.
Hitler had secretly promised Stalin that they would split
___________.
Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union invaded Poland only one week after
their pact was formed, and defeated the weaker country in less than a
_________. Britain and France responded by declaring ______ on
Germany, thus beginning World War II.
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JAPANESE & ITALIAN
_______________ (Manchuria, China, & Ethiopia taken)
HITLER __________ GERMANY
(Against Versailles;
Appeasement)
GERMAN TROOPS OCCUPY
_____________ (Against
Versailles; Appeasement)
HITLER TAKES ___________
(Against Versailles; Appeasement)
HITLER TAKES _________________
(Appeasement is a total failure at Munich)
HITLER
CONQUERS ___________ (Splits Poland with Stalin –
Britain & France Declare war)
How Did World War II Start?
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