© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this presentation may be copied, reproduced, or otherwise utilized without permission.
WRF Webcast
State of the Science: Plastic Pipe
September 22, 2016
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Katherine Martel, PE
Senior Associate
The Cadmus Group
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Acknowledgements
• WRF Research Manager: Jian Zhang
• Project Advisory Committee:
• Alvin Bautista, LADWP
• Xavier Irias, EBMUD
• David Hughes, American Water
• Josh Vincent, WaterOne
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Acknowledgements
• Co-Author: Ken Klewicki, PE, PhD
• Cadmus Staff
• Participating Utilities
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Presentation Outline
• Background
• Technical Performance
• Project Planning
• Design
• Construction
• Operations and Maintenance
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Research Objective
Document drinking water
utility experiences
with plastic pipe.
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Research Approach
• Literature Review
• Utility Case Studies
• Draft White Paper
• Project Workshop
• Draft Final Report
• Final Report
• Outreach
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Workshop Participants
• American Water
• Anchorage Water and Wastewater Utility
• City of Calgary
• East Bay Municipal Utility District
• EPCOR, city of Edmonton
• Golden State Water Company
• Honolulu Board of Water Supply
• LADWP
• New York City DEP
• Seattle Public Utilities
• WaterOne
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Industry Trends
• United States
• Canada
• Europe
• Japan
• China
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Utility Experiences
with PVC or HDPE Pipe
Utility Experience
Calgary 36 Years
EPCOR
Edmonton
35 Years
EBMUD >30 years
Anchorage >30 years
LADWP 24 Years
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
PVC Pipe Background
• Characteristics
• Types of Pipe:
• PVC-U
• PVC-M
• PVC-O
• FPVC
• Korean PVC
• Joint types
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Standard
Dimension
Ratio (SDR)
AWWA C900
Pressure
Class (psi)
25 165
18 235
14 305
Selected Pressure Classes
for PVC Pipe
Source: Data from AWWA (American Water Works Association). 2007. ANSI/AWWA Standard C900-07. Polyvinyl Chloride
(PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabricated Fittings, 4 In. Through 12 In. for Water Transmission and Distribution. Denver, Colo.:
AWWA.
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
HDPE Pipe Characteristics
• Characteristics
• Types of Pipe:
• PE4710
• PE3408
• Joint types
Photo credit: Bautista, A. 2016. LADWP Experience with Plastic Pipe. Summary Information
Prepared for Project Workshop.
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Selected Pressure Classes
for HDPE Pipe
Standard
Dimension
Ratio (SDR)
Pressure Class
for Water at
73 degrees F
(psi)
Recurring
Surge
Pressure
(psi)
Occasional
Surge
Pressure
(psi)
17 125 188 250
13.5 160 240 320
11 200 300 400
Source: Data from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI). 2016. PPI Position Paper on HDPE (PE4710) Distribution Potable Water Pipe Sizes
and Pressure Classes. Available online at: http://plasticpipe.org/pdf/ppi-position-paper-hdpe-potable-water-pc-pipe-size.pdf.
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Technical Performance
• Utility Experiences
• Examples of PVC Failure Types
• Examples of HDPE Failure Types
• Earthquake Performance
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
PVC Failure Types
Reported in Project Workshop
• Over insertion of spigot into bell
• Bedding conditions
• Tapping
• Pressure fluctuations
• Failures on non-PVC appurtenances
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Probable causes: over-
insertion of spigot into bell,
soil movement (bedding
conditions), and longitudinal
bending combined with joint
deflection. Photo credit: Dueck, R. 2010. PVC Failures. Presentation at Urban
Development Institute Breakfast Seminar. September 8, 2010.
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Probable causes: pipe wall thickness;
tapping saddle; tapping speed; and
tapping location.
PVC Pipe Failure
Photo credit: Hughes, D.M. 2016. American Water Experience with Plastic Pipe. Summary
Information Prepared for Project Workshop.
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
PVC Pipe Failure
Causative factor: large
pressure fluctuations.
Operating pressure was
90 psi, surge pressures
up to 180 psi.
Photo credit: Bautista, A. 2016. LADWP Experience with Plastic Pipe. Summary
Information Prepared for Project Workshop.
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
HDPE Failure Types
Reported in Project Workshop
• Butt-fused joint failure
• Leaks on couplings joining different
materials
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Photo credit: Seargeant, D. 2016. EPCOR Experience with Plastic Pipe. Summary
Information Prepared for Project Workshop.
Causative factors:
improper butt fusion
method and cold
temperature.
HDPE Pipe Failure
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Photo credit: Seargeant, D. 2016. EPCOR Experience with Plastic Pipe.
Summary Information Prepared for Project Workshop.
Restrained mechanical coupling
leak at transition from HDPE to PVC
HDPE Pipe Failure
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Pipe Performance
During Recent Earthquakes
• Japan: 1995, 2011
• New Zealand: 1987 to 2014
• California: 1989 and 1994
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Project Planning Issues
• Pipe Material Selection Criteria
• Pipeline Route
• Life Cycle Costs
• Pipe Handling Practices
• Industry Forums
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Utility Experiences
with Pipe Material Selection
PVC and HDPE are viable options
for many water utilities.
• Golden State: PVC, HDPE, DI
• EBMUD: PVC, HDPE, Steel
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Utility Experiences
with Life Cycle Costs
Pipe material cost is incidental
compared to the overall life cycle cost.
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Design Issues
• Pressure Classes
• Industry Standards and Guidance
• Utility Specifications
• Seismic Requirements and Guidelines
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Installation Methods
• Conventional Open Trench
• Trenchless Technologies
• Horizontal Directional Drilling
• Pipe Bursting
• Sliplining
• Swagelining
• Float-sink
Photo credit: Bautista, A. 2016. LADWP Experience with Plastic Pipe. Summary Information
Prepared for Project Workshop.
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Utility Experiences with
Construction Issues
• Pipe Storage or Handling
• Installation Procedures
• Bedding or Pipe Support
• Tapping Practices
Photo credit: Bautista, A. 2016. LADWP Experience with Plastic Pipe. Summary
Information Prepared for Project Workshop.
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Utility Experiences with
Resolving Construction Issues
• Project Specifications
• Inspection Practices
• Mandatory Correction of All Errors
• Training
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Operations and Maintenance Issues
• Locating Plastic Pipe
• Condition Assessment
• Identify and Repair Leaks
• Pressure Management
• Valve Inspection and Maintenance
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Final Report
• Publication expected by Nov. 1, 2016
• Report contains:
—Utility case studies and examples
—Technical performance photos and data
—Results from published utility surveys
—Suggested practices for PVC and HDPE pipe
© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.© 2016 Water Research Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Thank You
Comments or questions, please contact:
For more information visit:
www.waterrf.org
Top Related