World History IIWorld History IISOL Review SOL Review Great Depression – Cold War
Great Depression - CausesGreat Depression - CausesGerman reparationsBuying on creditOverproduction – high supply + low
demand = low prices for farm goods and manufactured goods
Protective Tariffs – countries passed tariffs (taxes on imports) to make people buy goods produced and food grown in their country (foreign goods were more expensive)
Stock Market Crash (October 1929)
Great Depression - ResultsGreat Depression - ResultsHigh unemploymentBank failures + collapse of creditCollapse of prices in world trade Growth of Fascism (extreme
nationalism) in Italy and GermanyNazi Party blamed Jews for the
economic collapse
Adolf HitlerAdolf HitlerGermanyCame to power because of inflation
and Great Depression (legally came to power)
Anti-SemitismExtreme nationalism (fascist)Nazi PartyChallenge to world power – sent troops
into the Rhineland (demilitarized zone according to Versailles treaty)
Benito MussoliniBenito MussoliniItalyFascist (1st fascist leader)Wanted to restore the glory of
the Roman EmpireChallenge to world power –
invaded Ethiopia
TojoTojoJapanMilitaristJapan’s industrialization – need
for raw materials and marketsChallenge to world power –
invaded Korea, Manchuria, and rest of China
World War II - CausesWorld War II - CausesAggression by totalitarian power
(Hitler, Mussolini, and Tojo)Nationalism (Fascism – extreme
nationalism)Failures of the Versailles TreatyWeakness of the League of NationsAppeasement – Munich Conference
(gave Hitler the Sudetenland to avoid war)
Isolationism/Pacifism in United States and Europe
World War II – Major World War II – Major EventsEventsBegan – German invasion of PolandFrance fell (Britain left alone to fight
the Axis Powers)Battle of Britain – bombing of LondonOperation Barbarossa – German
invasion of the Soviet UnionU.S. entered war after Japan attacked
Pearl HarborU.S. dropped atomic bombs on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end war with Japan
World War II – Major World War II – Major LeadersLeadersFranklin D. Roosevelt – President of the U.S.Harry Truman – replaced Franklin Roosevelt
as president/dropped atomic bomb on JapanDwight D. Eisenhower – Allied commander
in Europe (D Day)Douglas MacArthur – U.S. General in the
PacificWinston Churchill – Prime Minister of England Joseph Stalin – dictator of Soviet UnionHirohito – Emperor of Japan
Outcomes of World War IIOutcomes of World War IIEuropean powers loss of empires (ex.
Japan lost territory gained by the war)Two super powers emerged – U.S.
and Soviet UnionNuremberg Trial – tried Nazis for
war crimesDivision of Europe – Iron Curtain
(capitalist/democratic vs. communist/totalitarian)
United Nations
Outcomes of World War IIOutcomes of World War IINATO (North Atlantic Treaty
Organization) – military alliance that included U.S., Canada, and western Europe
Warsaw Pact – Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
HolocaustHolocaustGenocide – the systematic and
purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group
Elements leading to the Holocaust – history of anti-Semitism, defeat in World War I and Great Depression blamed on the Jews, Hitler’s belief in a master race, and Final Solution (death camps)
Examples of Other Examples of Other GenocidesGenocidesArmenians by leaders of the Ottoman
EmpirePeasants, government and military
leaders, and members of the elite in the Soviet Union by Joseph Stalin (Great Purge)
The educated, artists, technicians, former government officials, monks, and minorities by Pol Pot in Cambodia
Tutsi minority by the Hutu in RwandaMuslims and Croats By Bosnian Serbs
in Yugoslavia
Post World War II - JapanPost World War II - JapanU.S. occupation of Japan led by MacArthur
Improved economyBrought democracy to Japan – constitution/elections
Japan can only have a military for defense
Post World War II – Post World War II – GermanyGermanyDivision of East (Soviet Union)
and West (U.S., France, and Great Britain)
Division of Berlin (East and West)Democratic government in West Germany
Early Cold WarEarly Cold WarYalta Conference - meeting of three
main allied leaders (Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill) + planned "the whole shape and structure of post-war Europe“ + Stalin had the right to control the governments of Eastern Europe (Soviet troops were already stationed throughout Eastern Europe as they pushed toward Germany)
Democracy and Capitalism vs. Dictatorship and Communism
Truman Doctrine – contain communism (not let it spread)
Marshall PlanMarshall PlanRebuild Western Europe (aid
and assistance) – prevent the spread of communism
Berlin WallBerlin WallSurrounded city of West Berlin
so that people would not escape to West Germany
Korean WarKorean WarCause – North Korea invaded
South KoreaResult – North Korea and South
Korean still divided along 38th parallel
China supported North Korea and U.S. supported South Korea
Vietnam WarVietnam WarCause - Ho Chi Minh encouraged
communist rebels to overthrow South Vietnamese government
Results - U.S. troops left Vietnam + unification of Vietnam (communist country)
Vietnamization Nixon's administrations policy of building up South Vietnamese forces while gradually withdrawing American troops
Domino Theory If Vietnam became a communist country, the countries adjacent to (surrounding) Vietnam would also become communist countries
Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile CrisisCause – Soviet Union places nuclear missiles in Cuba
Results – Soviet Union removed missiles and U.S. promised not to invade Cuba
Collapse of Soviet UnionCollapse of Soviet UnionCommunism failed!! - increasing Soviet
military expenses to compete with the United States + economic inefficiency
Gorbachev and President Reagan – key leaders
Eastern European countries (communist block) wanted independence U.S. encouraged dissidents (people who wanted independence) in communist countries (Poland)
Some Warsaw Pact countries joined NATO after collapse of Soviet Union – expansion of NATO
Collapse of Soviet UnionCollapse of Soviet Union
Establishment of independent states in Eastern Europe and the breakup of the Soviet Union
Movement toward a free market economy
Fall of Berlin wall and reunification of Germany
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