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Winged bean(Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)
Export Agriculture
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Common name: Winged bean
Botanical name: Psophocarpus tetragonolobus
Family : Leguminosae/Fabaceae
Other names:Goa bean Asparagus peaFour-angled bean Winged pea
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INTRODUCTION
Centre of origin : Madgascar or Mauritious
A tropical plant Short day plant An edible vegetable / legume Almost every part of this unique plant is tasty and edible Typically grows as an annual/perennial vine Ultimate multi-purpose crop
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Edible Parts: Flowers Leaves Root Seed Seedpod Stem
Edible Uses:
Coffee Coloring Oil
Other Uses :Green manure Soil reclamation Cover crops
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Major growing areasgrows abundantly in hot, humid equatorial countries
Philippines Burma ThailandIndia Indonesia Sri Lanka
Popular countriesMediterranean countries,
Tropical Asia and South east Asian countries
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PLANT AND DESCRIPTION
Height : Height of the vines varies
between 3 and 4 meters
Bean pod : Pods have frilly borders 6 and 9 inches in length have 4 rows of wing type features
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Seeds :burst out from ripe pods become brownish at the time of ripeningbeans are round in shape emits an aroma which is similar to
asparagus
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Flower : Light blue colored Hermaphrodite
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RECOMMENDED VARIETIES
Variety recommended & released officially by DOA:
SLS – 44
Varieties recommended but not yet released officially:
UPS-122SLS- 40
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National average yield : 10 t/ha
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COMPOSITION OF WINGED BEAN
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Composition
Parts of plant / 100 g
Seeds Fresh pod Root
Water (ml) 9.0 73.8 75.0
Calories 420.0 85.0 91.0
Protein (g) 31.8 8.3 2.3
Fat (g) 17.0 0.8 0.6
Carbohydrate (g)
33.0 12.3 20.0
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Composition
Parts of plant / 100 g
Seeds Fresh pod Root
Fiber (g) 6.6 - 1.5
Calcium (mg)
210.0 40.0 -
Phosphorous (mg)
410.0 140.0 -
Iron (mg) 15.0 2.3 -
Vitamins - - -
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EXTENT OF CULTIVATION
Year Extent (ha)
Maha Yala Total
1997 595 240 835
1998 772 505 1277
1999 772 505 1277
2000 585 522 1107
2001 614 556 1170
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SOIL & CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS
Ideal growing temperature: 25 0C Optimum Rain Fall:
1500-2000mm Elevation:
sea level - 2000 m
Soil types: sandy to heavy clayswell-drained sandy loam, rich in organic matter is preferred
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MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Land preparation Sowing Care Harvest Weed Control Irrigation Trellises
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Land preparation
Soil – plough to a depth of 30-40 cm & worked to a very fine tilth
The purpose of land preparationto provide the necessary soil conditions
which enhance the plant and root growth
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Sowing
Presoak the seeds for one to two days
Change the water a couple of times
If some seeds don't swell, nick them with a knife or sandpaper them at the distal end to
breach the tough seed coat, and soak for another day
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Spacing – at least 3.9 inches (10.0 cm)
Depth – around 0.78 inches (2.0 cm)
Grow the beans on a trellis oriented north/south for best sun exposure
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Care: Pinch out the top of the main vine when it has
produced 10-12 leaves to encourage side shoots
Keep the beans well-watered
Add a side dressing of 1 cup of high-nitrogen fertilizer per 10 square feet for higher yields
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Harvesting:
Pick the shoots and leaves while they are still tender
Harvest the large, pale blue flowers for salad
Green pods can be harvested from about 10 weeks after sowing
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Weed Control: Weed control is necessary for the first 3-5
weeks
Irrigation: Grow best under hot, wet conditions with
60 to 100 inches of rainfall or irrigation per year
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Trellises: Support of the vine is essential for high
seed production
A trellis height of 2 m is optimal
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POSTHARVEST
To keep them fresh, can store them in a plastic bag with its neck tightly tied
Place it in the refrigerator for best results
Temperature: 10°C
Relative humidity: 90%
Shelf life: 4 weeks
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PESTS & DISEASES
Free from major pest and diseases in Sri Lanka,but the following are prevalent
Diseases : False rust Leaf spot Mosaic virus Witches broom
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Pests : MitesAphidsLeaf minorFlower borer
Pod borer (Heliothis) Root knot nematode Pod borer (Maruka)
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PROS
Tasty, mild flavored greens
The ultimate multi-purpose crop for small farmers and gardeners in the tropics
Leaves are high in superior quality protein
Strong nitrogen fixing legume with unusual number of nodules
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Tolerates heat Tolerates acid soil
Apparently can utilize inexpensive readily available cowpea inoculant to begin nodulation when introduced to new areas
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CONS
Very susceptible to water logging Very susceptible to frost and cold weather
Seeds are difficult to germinate
Most varieties have photoperiod sensitivities that limit the plant's success in many locations
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Needs good drainage
Needs lots of water 1500 mm for good growth 2500 mm or more for top production
The 'wings' on fresh winged beans are very delicate makes them more difficult to handle and to
ship than other fresh bean variety
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GROUP MEMBERS
W.S.P. JayathilakaUWU/EAG/11/0021
H.K.I.J. ThilakarathneUWU/EAG/11/0022
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THANK YOU
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