Madera, 8. E-28004 MadridTel.: +34 91 456 49 00. Fax: +34 91 523 04 14
e-mail: [email protected]://www.idae.es
WWind Enerind Energygy in Sin Spainpain
20052005 CurrCurrent Statusent Status and Pand Prrospectsospects
R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y
Wind Energy
Wind Energy in Spain
2005 Current Status and Prospects
Second edition in English, May 2002Reedición actualizada en inglés, mayo
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
“Current Status and Prospects for Wind Energy in Spain 2005”
AUTHOR AND PUPLISHER
Written and published by the Institute for the Diversification and Saving of Energy - IDAE
..........................................................................................................................................
This publication is included in the “Reports” Series of the IDAE publication bank.
This publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without the prior consent of IDAE.
Legal deposit: M-23683-2006. ..........................................................................................................................................
The Institute for the Diversification and Saving of Energy (Instituto para la Diversificación y Ahorro de la Energía, IDAE) is a public business entity attached to the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade. Its mission and goals are to promote energy efficiency, rational energy use, energy supply diversification and increased use of renewable sources of energy in Spain.
IDAE Instituto para la Diversificación y Ahorro de la Energía
C/ Madera, 8 E - 28004 - Madrid
[email protected] www.idae.es
Cover photo: “La Florida” wind farm (Canary Islands, Spain)
Updated edition in English, May 2006
Contents
State of the technology in Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Percentage distribution per manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Accumulated installed capacity per technology in Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Regulatory framework in the European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Regulatory framework at national level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Installed wind energy capacity worldwide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Installed wind energy capacity in the Eur0pean Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Outstanding figures in wind energy sector in Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Installed generating capacity in each Spanish Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Development of wind energy in Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Yearly investment in the wind energy sector in Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Evolution of cost per kW of installed capacity in Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Key points to current and future development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
General mission of IDAE and activities in the wind energy sector . . . . . .12
IDAE investment in the wind energy sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
State of the technology in Spain
General points • Two Spanish companies – GAMESA and ECOTÈCNIA – were among the world’s ten largest manufacturers in 2005. Both represented 15% of the global market.
Wind turbine manufacturers using Spanish technology
• GAMESA, ECOTÈCNIA, ACCIONA WP*, M. TORRES: which together account for 74% of total installed capacity.
Foreign technology • VESTAS, GENERAL ELECTRIC, ...: 22%.
Spanish manufacturers with technology transfer agreements
• NAVANTIA – SIEMENS, ...: 4%.
Domestic manufacturing capacity • More than 2,000 MW per year.
Companies in the sector • More than 550.
Average rated power • 1,160 kW per new unit installed in 2005.
C u
r r
e n
t S
t a
t u
s a
n d
Pr
o s
p e
c t
s
* until 2005 INGETUR (EHN). 5
Percentage distribution per manufacturer
60
50
40
30
20
10
GA
MES
A(S
PA)
VES
TAS
(DEN
)
G. E
LECT
RIC
(US
A)
ACCI
ON
A W
P(S
PA)
NAV
AN
TIA
S
IEM
ENS
(SPA
/GER
)
M T
OR
RES
(SPA
)
45.2
17.4 15.4
11.0
2.3 0.3
%
0
8.4
ECO
TÈCN
IA(S
PA)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
28.4
18.0
13.5 13.2
6.2 5.6
3.2 2.7 2.1 2.0
5.1
VES
TAS
(DEN
)
G. E
LECT
RIC
(US
A)
ENER
CON
(GER
)
GA
MES
A(S
PA)
SIE
MEN
S(G
ER)
SU
ZLO
N(I
ND
)
MIT
SU
BIS
HI
(JA
P)
ECO
TÈCN
IA(S
PA)
NO
RD
EX(G
ER)
REP
OW
ER(G
ER/F
RA
)
OTH
ERS
%Installed capacity in Spain in 2005 (1,464 MW)
Worldwide market share in 2005 (11,407 MW)
Provisional data Source: IDAE and BTM Consult ApS
1,014
Accumulated installed capacity (MW) per technology in Spain on 31/12/2005
W i
n d
E n
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g y
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p a
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2 0
0 5
6
TOTAL: 9,781 MW
GAMESA 61.1%
VESTAS 12.6%
G. ELECTRIC 8.4%
ECOTÈCNIA 8.6%
NAVANTIA-SIEMENS 3.6%
OTHERS 3.2%ACCIONA WP
2.5%
1,233
841
822
350
240
315
5,980 GAMESA EÓLICA
VESTAS
ECOTÈCNIA
GENERAL ELECTRIC
NAVANTIA-SIEMENS
ACCIONA WP
OTHERS
Provisional data Source: IDAE
Regulatory framework in the European Union (EU-15)
White Paper (Dated December 1997)
Overall target • Contribution from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) of 12% of primary energy consumption in the European Union by 2010.
Wind Power target • Reach 40,000 MW by 2010.
Campaign for Take-Off • Encompassing the period 1999-2003, it acted as a catalyst for the development of the key RES sectors.
• Wind Energy: More than 20,000 MW installed in the period, doubling the foreseen figure.
Directive 2001/77/CE (Dated September 27th)
Overall target • Contribution from RES of 22%* relative to the annual electricity consumption of European Union in year 2010.
National target • In Spain implies that electricity generated with RES represents a percentage of 29.4% of the scheduled total in year 2010.
* updated to 21% for EU-25 (“Accesion Treaty” signed on 16th April 2003).
Regulatory framework of reference at national level
Spanish Electric Power Act 54/1997 (Dated November 27th)
Main goal • Liberalization of the electricity market (reached on Jan 2003).
Establishes • Special Regime for Renewable Energy Sources (P < 50 MW).
• Guaranteed grid access. • A premium for electricity from RES. • Territorial and environmental matters are compe
tence of the Regional Governments.
Requires • A Promotion Plan for RES.
Royal Decree on Special Regime 436/2004 (Dated March 12th)
Object • Legal and economic scheme for Special Regime.
Methodology • Feed-in tariff system (guaranteed along life-time): (1) Regulated price (determined by the capacity and year
of starting up) or (2) Sale in the free market: Pool price + Incentive + Premium + Extras
• Payment with reference to yearly average electrical tariff (regulated maximun evolution until 2010).
• Production forecast for P > 10 MW (since 1st Jan 2007). • Penalty for deviations above 20% (option (1)). • Transitory period for former plants (until 1st Jan 2007).
C u
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7
Environmental Impact Assessment Act 6/2001 (Dated March 8th)
The Spanish Renewable Energy Plan 2005 - 2010. Wind Energy Area. (Approved by the Council of Ministers on 26/08/2005)
Main overall targets • Meet: - 12.1 % of primary energy consumption, and - 30.3 % of gross national electricity consump
tion, from RES by 2010. • Estimated investment (2005-2010): € 23,600 m.
Wind power target • Have ready an installed capacity of 20,155 MW at the end of the year 2010.
Main measures • Development of transport grid. • Updating of the regulatory procedures regarding
grid access and operating conditions. • Establishment of a single Operation Centre for
the Special Regime. • Development of control centres grouping wind
farms belonging to the same owner (or within the same geographical area).
• Investment subsidies are not envisaged.
Installed wind energy capacity (MW) worldwide on 31/12/2005
W i
n d
E n
e r
g y
i n S
p a
i n
2 0
0 5
EUROPEAN UNION
UNITED STATES
INDIA
CHINA
JAPAN
AUSTRALIA
REST
40,250
9,150
4,430
1,260
1,230
710
2,045
WORLDWIDE 59,075 MW
8
Provisional data Source: IDAE and GWEC
Installed wind energy capacity (MW) in the European Union (EU-25) on 31/12/2005
18,430 GERMANY
9,781 SPAIN
3,120 DENMARK
1,715 ITALY
1,080 NETHERLANDS
1,355 UNITED KINGDOM
1,020 PORTUGAL
820 AUSTRIA
2,930 REST
EUROPEAN UNION 40,250 MW
MW0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000
Provisional data Source: IDAE and EWEA
9
Outstanding figures in wind energy sector in Spain (updated at the end of the year 2005)
General
Overall Capacity Installed Accumulated Investment
Energy Sold Electricity Market Share Equivalent Consumption
9,781 MW € 8,774 m 21,000 GWh 7.5% 6 million households
Social Benefits
• More than 550 companies involved in the sector.
Accumulated Employment
• Design, Construction and Erection.
Direct 31,750
127,000 men-year
Non Direct 95,250
• Operation and Maintenance.
1,950 permanent jobs (all direct)
Environmental Issues
POLLUTANT
SO2
NOx
CO2
AVOIDED QUANTITY (t) *
144,500
79,800
19,690,000
* In relation to electricity generated by means of national hard coal-fired power plants [CIEMAT and CNE (2001)]
C u
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Provisional data
Installed generating capacity (MW) in each Spanish Region on 31/12/2005
Galicia
2,371 162
143 1,333
1,871 21 3
55
Asturias
Pending (2006-2010) In operation
49%51%
Global Target (2010): 20,155 MW
145
908
418
1,759
451
140Canary Islands
Andalusia
Basque Country
Navarre
Castile & León
TOTAL: 9,781 MW
La Rioja
Provisional data Source: IDAE
Catalonia
Balearic Islands Valencian Region Castile-La Mancha
Murcia
Aragón
Development of wind energy in Spain 2,200
10,000 2,000
� � � � � � � � � � ��
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
ACCUMULATED �
IN OPERATION
9,000 1,800
8,000 1,600
W i
n d
E n
e r
g y
i n S
p a
i n
2 0
0 5 7,000 1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
ACCU
MU
LATE
D (
MW
) 6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
10
�
IN OPERATION
ACCUMULATED
86
0.4
0.4
87
1.2
1.6
88
0.8
2.4
89
1.5
3.9
90
2.7
6.6
91
0.7
7.3
92
38
46
93
6
52
94
24
75
95
40
115
96
96
211
97
229
440
98
393
834
99
642
1,476
00
815
2,292
01
985
3,276
02
1,615
4,891
03
1,344
6,235
04
2,082
8,317
05
1,464
9,781
Provisional data Source: IDAE
Yearly investment in the wind energy sector in Spain
YEA
RLY
INS
TALL
ED C
APA
CITY
(M
W)
Provisional data Source: IDAE
Evolution of cost per kW of installed capacity in Spain (Tendency curve)
C u
r r
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t a
t u
s a
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Pr
o s
p e
c t
s
11
Estimated value for 2005 Source: IDAE
Key points to current and future development
CURRENT DEVELOPMENT FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
• Existence of significant wind resources.
• Stable regulatory framework for electricity generation.
• Administrative procedures for the authorization of wind power installations in the Regions.
• Expertise, consolidated technology and economies of escale.
• Reduction in costs of both construction/installation and operation/maintenance.
• Reasonable return on investment.
• Long-term price guarantee.
• Development of grid infrastructure. Enable international interconnection.
• Wind energy integration into national power grid. Contribution to stability. Predictability.
• Easier, faster and more objective administrative procedures.
• Enhanced technology (enlarged efficiency, manufacturing cost reduction and improvement of reliability).
• Increase international competitiveness and worldwide spread.
General mission of IDAE and activities in the wind energy sector
W i
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12
General mission • Promote energy efficiency and the rational use of energy.
• Diversify energy sources. • Boost the use of renewable sources of energy. • Foster technical and financial innovation.
Activities • Monitoring and analysis of the sector. • Promotional activities. • Collaboration with public bodies. • Participation in projects. • Technical Consultancy. • International Cooperation.
IDAE investment in the wind energy sector (updated 05/2006)
Region Owner Wind Farm or WTG model Capacity (MW) Investment IDAE share Start-up In oper. In exec. (€ m) (%) (year/s)
Andalusia SEASA * Tarifa 30.48 32.45 6.7 1993 Catalonia PEBESA Bajo Ebro 4.05 4.62 25.3 1995
Aragón EVESA La Muela II and III 29.70 24.77 24.0 1997/99 Galicia PEMALSA Malpica 16.58 15.68 27.2 1997/02 Murcia ELECDEY ASCOY, S.A. Sierra de Ascoy 7.64 6.93 18.5 1998/03
Andalusia SELL, S.A. Los Lances 10.68 9.05 20.0 1999 Catalonia SEESA Trucafort 29.85 27.95 10.0 1999 Canary I. PEGASA Punta Gaviota 6.93 6.76 30.0 2000 Galicia SOTAVENTO G., S.A. Sotavento 17.56 15.84 20.5 2000/01 Aragón S.E. LA PLANA, S.A. La Plana I and R&D 6.15 5.65 10.0 2000/01/02
Castile & León A. DEL VOLTOYA, S.A.** Altos del Voltoya I-IV 62.04 29.04 93.76 7.5 2000/04/07 Aragón ARVISA Sancho Abarca 10.50 9.44 40.0 2007
Total for shareholding 221.66 39.54 252.90 € 7.02 m
Murcia P.E. LA UNIÓN, S.L. La Unión 5.28 3.93 88.0 2000 Canary I. AGRAGUA, S.A. Montaña Pelada 4.62 3.69 100.0 2001 Canary I. ECASA Montaña Francisco 1.13 0.96 100.0 2001
Castile & León P.E. C. NUEVO, S.L. Corral Nuevo 5.28 4.26 96.8 2001 Galicia ENGASA Peña Galluda 0.66 0.57 100.0 2002
Canary I. SOSLAIRES C., S.L. La Florida 2.64 2.25 100.0 2002
Total for ERDF-IDAE programme 19.61 — 15.67 € 15.06 m
Andalusia ECOTÈCNIA ECOTÈCNIA 150/225/600 0.98 2.06 50/100/50 1989/92/96 Andalusia/Galicia MADE MADE 800 1.60 2.49 40.0 2000/01
Aragón GAMESA EÓLICA GAMESA 850/2000 2.85 2.27 92.7 2000/02 Navarre M. TORRES M. TORRES 1500 4.50 5.11 40.0 2001/03 Navarre ECOTÈCNIA ECOTÈCNIA 1250 1.25 2.87 40.0 2002 Navarre M.TORRES D.E., S.L. La Fraila 4.95 5.00 90.0 2004
Undetermined ECOTÈCNIA ECOTÈCNIA 3000 3.00 5.47 40.0 2007 Undetermined ACCIONA Windpower ACCIONA AW-3000 3.00 7.00 40.0 2007
Total for technology development 16.13 6.00 32.27 € 16.89 m
Aragón ELECDEY TARAZONA, S.A. Tarazona Sur 9.60 8.18 95.5 2002/04 Balearic I. CONSORCIO RSU MENORCA Es Milá 3.20 3.25 96.7 2004 Asturias P.E. PENOUTA, S.L.U. Penouta 5.95 5.07 90.3 2004
Castile - La Mancha EÓLICA MONTESINOS, S.L. El Romeral 15.00 13.75 92.7 2007
Total for third-party financing 18.75 15.00 30.25 € 28.28 m
TOTAL 276.15 60.54 331.09 € 67.25 m
* repowering up to 74 MW is planned to be commissioned during 2008. ** in 2004 “Altos del Voltoya, S.A.” acquired 17% of “P.E. Las Navas, S.A.”, with additional 48.84 MW in operation.
Wind Energy in Spain
2005
Wind Energy in Spain
2005 Current Statusand Prospects
R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y
Wind Energy
Current Statusand Prospects
Madera, 8. E-28004 Madrid Tel.: +34 91 456 49 00. Fax: +34 91 523 04 14
e-mail: [email protected] http://www.idae.es
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