William Carey (1761 – 1834)
Expect great things from God,
attempt great things for God.”
The 1800’s - “The Great Century”
CHURCH HISTORY IICHURCH HISTORY IILesson 28Lesson 28
Apostolic Church
Apostolic Fathers
Church Councils
Church History
Ca. 30AD 590 AD 1517 AD
Golden Age of Church Fathers
Reformation & Counter Reformation
Rationalism, Revivalism, & Denominationalism
Revivalism, Missions, & Modernism
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Ancient Church History Medieval Church History Modern Church History
The Pre-Reformers
The First Medieval Pope
The Rise of the Holy Rom Emp
The Crusades
The Papacy in Decline
The 1800’s - “The Great Century”
Great in its results
Great in its reach
- missionary zeal & social reform
- into all the world
Great Spiritual Revivals
German Pietistic Revival – Moravians early to mid 1700’s
English Methodist Revivals – late 1730 – 1790’s
1st Great Awakening – 1720’s – 1760’s
2nd Great Awakening – 1790’s – 1840’s
The Context of the Great Century
Great growth in scientific knowledge
Great growth in technology
Great growth in transportation
Great growth in prosperity
The Context of the Great Century
Great growth in worldwide peace (1815 - 1914)
Germs/fighting diseaseSurgery-antisepsis & anethesiaChemicals to fight pestsGenetics – seed selection/breeding
Telegraph & telephoneElectricityRefrigeration – industrial usesSteam powered factories/farm equip
Steam – ships/trains
Industrial Revolution (few - very wealthy, large minority – middle class, many - very poor)
Great Modernization
The Context of the Great Century
Christianity Assaulted
Sciences
Societal Organization
Prosperity & Urbanization
Charles DarwinNietzscheComteHuxley
Karl Marx
Materialism & Sin
Colonialism is the extension of a nation’s sovereignty over territory beyond itsborders by the establishment of either settler or exploitation colonies in whichindigenous populations are directly ruled, displaced, or exterminated. Colonizingnations generally dominate the resources, labor, and markets of the colonial territory, and may also imposse socio-cultural, religious and linguistic structureson the indigenous population.
Colonization
The Context of the Great Century
1900
Religious Awakening &Modern Technology
Social Reforms
Missionary Endeavors
Christianity Challenged by Outside Threats & Unprecedented Opportunity
AmericaProhitibion against dueling
Abolition of debtor prison & general prison reform
Prohibition movements began in late 1700’sMethodist, Presbyterian, & Congregationalist1895 – Anti-Saloon League18th Amendment adopted in 1919; 1933
Abolition of Slavery1769 – Congregational churches began to preach against slavery1833 – Lane Seminary in Cincinnati became the center of an
anti-slavery movement led by students. When the admin.Prohibited the students participation, the students left for OberlinCollege.
1833 – The American Anti-Slavery SocietyMany denominations split – Wesleyan Methodist Church; Southern
Baptist Church; Presbyterian Church.
America (cont.)
UrbanizationIndustrialization & immigration caused cities to grow rapidlyCity Rescue Missions – The Water Street Mission of New York – 1872
Chicago’s Pacific Garden Mission, 1877Young Men’s Christian Association – Boston in 1851Young Women’s Christian Association – 1855The Goodwill Industries – 1900The Salvation Army – Late 1880’s
EnglandWilliam Wilberforce (1759-1833) – outlaw of the slave trade
Lord Shaftesbury (1801-1885) – in 1840 worked for laws againstunfair child labor – chimney sweeps, mine work; reform of insane asylums & lodging houses.
John Howard & Elizabeth Fry worked to reform prisons
YMCA & YWCA – youth living in cities
Background
New England Experiment
John Elliot (1631) Missionary to Algonkian Indians; published a catechism in their language and translated the Bible, the firstBible to be printed in North America.
David Brainerd (1718- 1747) Missionary to Senecca & DelawareIndians. His legacy was not his strategy, but his heart for Godand a intense desire for Indians to know Christ.
Moravians – Caribbean, Far East, Africa, Greenland
French Huguenots – missionary attempts to Brazil
Dutch Colonists – church planting in Indonesia
Church Efforts1792 – The Baptist Missionary Society – Sent William Carey & the
Serampore Trio to India, Carey, Joshua Marshman, & William Ward
1799 – Church Missionary Society – Evangelical Anglican Church sent Henry Martyn to India & Persia – translation work
1810 – American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions – formed by Congregationalists and Presbyterians, Haystack Revival
1814 – Baptist Missionary Board – Adoniram Judson, Burma
England
American
Scotland1824 – Thomas Chalmers – St Andrews 7
1847 – Reformed Church of Scotland – John G. Paton, New Hebrides
1861 – Southern Presb. Church – John Latin Wilson – Congo/Zaire
1795 – London Missionary Society – David Livingstone (1813-1873), Smoke of a 1000 villages, 3 C’s: Christianity, Commerce, & Civilization, Explorer & Abolitionists
Faith Missions1865 - China Inland Mission, Hudson Taylor
1867 – 1951 – Amy Carmichael - India
Born in England, was a shoemaker who was converted around 17 years old
Later becomes a pastor and serves in 2 churches
Carey developed a deep sense of duty to take the gospel overseas
5 Common Objections Carey had to refute about Missions
Obj. #1 – No Duty to GoObj. #2 – Too Far to GoObj. #3 – What Are We Going to EatObj. #4 – Savages Will Kill UsObj. #5 – Language Barrier Too Great
Carey joined with 12 other pastors to form a Missionary Society.
Carey will leave with his wife for India. Dorothy Carey does not want to go,she will have a nervous break down and go insane before dying. She willdie in India
Baptist Deacon- “Sit down, young man.When it pleases the Lord to convert theheathen, he will do it without your helpor mine.”
Enquiry into the Obligation of Christians to Use Meansfor the Conversion of the Heathen (1792)
1. To set an infinite value on men’s souls.
2. To acquaint ourselves with the snares which hold the minds of the people.
3. To abstain from whatever deepens India’s prejudice against the gospel.
4. To watch for every chance of doing the people good.
5. To preach “Christ crucified” as the grand means of conversions.
6. To esteem and treat Indians always as our equals.
7. To guard and build up “the hosts that may be gathered.”
8. To cultivate their spiritual gifts, ever pressing upon them their missionaryobligation, since Indians only can win India for Christ.
9. To labor unceasingly in biblical translation.
10. To be instant in the nurture of personal religion.
11. To give ourselves without reserve to the Cause, “not counting even the clothes we wear our own.”
Don’t Despise Youth.
Study one’s culture and be attuned for opportunityto serve Christ.
Observations
Euro-American Christianity transitions to aWorld Christianity.
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