Will there always be poverty among us
Presented by Lili-Anna Pereša, Centraide
Prepared partly by Dr. Richard Massé, Public Health DirectorWith the collaboration of Dr. Marie-France Raynault, Centre Léa
Roback
Presentation to McGill Centraide CommitteeThursday, October 3, 2013
22.8% OF THE POPULATION BELOW LOW INCOME CUT-OFF
Couple with two children
Parent with only child
Single person able to work
Person with limited
capacity for employment
Welfare income (2009) plus government transfer payments
$22,614 $17,583 $7,312 $10,881
MBM (Montreal CMA) 2009
$28,316 $18,405 $14,158 $14,158
Comparison between welfare income and low income cut-off according to MBM, Quebec,
2008-2009
CMA: Census metropolitan area
The course of a life
Birth
School
readiness
Dropping
outof school
Integration into the workplace
Income
Level
Living
environment
Health
condition
Life
expectancy
The richerThe poorer
The course of a life
The richerThe poorer
Among the poorest:More low birth weightsMore premature birthsMore intra-uterine growth retardation
Birth
School
readiness
Dropping
outof school
Integration into the workplace
Income
Level
Living
environment
Health
condition
Life
expectancy
The course of a life
The richerThe poorer
School readiness relates to:Physical health and welfareSocial adequacy Emotional maturityCognitive and language development Communication and general knowledge
Birth
School
readiness
Dropping
outof school
Integration into the workplace
Income
Level
Living
environment
Health
condition
Life
expectancy
The course of a life
The richerThe poorer
Dropping out of school causes:Social exclusion and adjustment problems
Birth
School
readiness
Dropping
outof school
Integration into the workplace
Income
Level
Living
environment
Health
condition
Life
expectancy
The course of a life
The richerThe poorer
Birth
School
readiness
Dropping
outof school
Integration into the workplace
Income
Level
Living
environment
Health
condition
Life
expectancy
Individuals with less education experience:A more precarious social positionDifficulties adapting to technological changesGreater job insecurity
The course of a life
Between different Montreal neighbourhoods:Average income ranges from $17,000 to $103,000The percentage of individuals living below low income cut-off ranges from 4% to 46%
The richerThe poorer
Birth
School
readiness
Dropping
outof school
Integration into the workplace
Income
Level
Living
environment
Health
condition
Life
expectancy
The course of a life
The most deprived neighbourhoods account for:More substandard housing unitsMore injured pedestrians, cyclists and motoristsMore effects on human health from “heat islands”, etc.
The richerThe poorer
Birth
School
readiness
Dropping
outof school
Integration into the workplace
Income
Level
Living
environment
Health
condition
Life
expectancy
The course of a life
The richerThe poorer
Birth
School
readiness
Dropping
outof school
Integration into the workplace
Income
Level
Living
environment
Health
condition
Life
expectancy
Compared to richer people, underprivileged people:Generally adopt a less healthy lifestylePerceive their health to be poorAre more likely to suffer from chronic diseases and mental health problems
The course of a life
The richerThe poorer
Compared to richer people, less well-off individuals:Live almost 6 years less on averageDie prematurely of causes deemed preventable, in greater number
Birth
School
readiness
Dropping
outof school
Integration into the workplace
Income
Level
Living
environment
Health
condition
Life
expectancy
Certain groups are more vulnerable than others to insecurity
Unemployment rate for recent immigrants and general populationMontreal, 2006
Recent immigrants General population
Life expectancy chart (years)Montreal CLSC territories, 2006-2008
Eating well without food banks?
Monthly social welfare income $609
Average monthly rent for a bachelor unit $531
Nutritious food basket $217
($139)
Cost of bus/subway monthly pass $73
Cost of single-trip fare $3
Sources of data for 2009-2010-2011:Social welfare income and MBM: National Council of Welfare;Rent: CMHC; NFB: Montreal Diet Dispensary; Transport cost: STM
When we compare
Percentage of individuals living below low income cut-off according to Market Basket Measure* - Census metropolitan areas
Large Cities
Year
Québec (Qc)
Montreal
Toronto
Vancouver
2000 9.2 13.4 10.4 14.8
2001 10.0 12.2 9.9 13.6
2002 7.8 11.5 11.1 16.7
2003 7.7 10.0 9.7 13.8
3004 6.4 8.3 11.2 14.2
2005 6.5 9.1 11.9 12.9
2006 6.4 9.1 11.8 12.1
2007 7.8 8.5 10.4 9.8
2008 4.6 12.0 10.4 13.5
2009 3.6 11.6 12.3 16.5
* Base year: 2008
Not a black and white picture
These results reflect:• The increasing income inequalities in Canada• The positive impact of Quebec’s social policies,
specifically family policies
World Health Organization 2008
Closing the gap in a generation• Improve daily living conditions• Tackle the inequitable distribution of power,
money and resources • Measure and understand the problem and assess
the impact of actions taken
How far we have come…
Child mortality rate (0-1 year old) according to income groupMontreal, 1989-1991 to 2006-2008
Rate per 1000
Upper income group Lower income group
How far we have come…
Under-20 mortality rate according to income groupMontreal, 1989-1991 to 2006-2008
Rate per 1000
Upper income group Lower income group
The earlier the investment, the better the return
Skill Formation and the Economics of Investing in Disadvantaged ChildrenJames J. Heckman, et al.Science 312, 1900 (2006)
89% of investments goes to agencies directly serving the populationInvestment of 47 M$ in 369 community agencies and projects to :
• Break the cycle of poverty• Support the mobilization of communities• Develop the full potential of the agencies
11% of investments goes to community building and support for community action:• 8% to support local round table• 3% to support training to community agencies
Centraide’s priorities
38%
28%
19%
11% 4%Families and youth
Living conditions
Excluded or maginalized people
Community development
Volunteer support
What about Centraide
Mission-specific funding• Versus remote-controlled project funding• The community can best identify its needs• Facilitates co-operation with other organizations in
the field• Allows for innovation• Allows for greater power-sharing
Centraide’s Governance Structure
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