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WIDE AREA BLACKOUT-
JULY 2012
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1) Introduction
2) What is blackout?
3) July2012 India blackout
4) Why Blackout?5) Preventing blackout
6) SynchrophasorMonitoring
7) Fact Devices8) Distributed generation
9) Why it is a disaster?
10) Conclusion
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Security of a power system is affected by threefactors:
Characteristics of the physical system:
the integrated generation, transmission anddistribution system
protection and control systems
Business structures of owning and operatingentities
The regulatory framework
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Largest power outagein history
Occurred as twoseparate events on 30and 31 July 2012
Affected over 620million people, halfof India's population
Spread across 22states in Northern,Eastern, andNortheast India.
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Weak inter-regional powertransmission corridors due tomultiple existing outages
High Loading on 400 kVBina-Gwalior-Agra link.
Inadequate response bySLDCs to the instructions of(RLDCs) to reduce overdrawby the Northern Regionutilities andunderdrawal/excess
generation by the WesternRegion utilities.
Loss of 400 kV Bina-Gwaliorlink due to mis-operation ofits protection system.
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Long Term plans:
Adequatetransmission access to
load centers Sufficient generation
Dynamic simulation
Distributed
generation
Short Term plans:
Implementation ofspecial protection
schemes Proper use of FACT
devices
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Most monitoring of thegrid is based on non-simultaneous averagevalues .
Monitoring of linevoltage phase angles(phasors) can fill thatgap, providing theinstantaneous
measurement ofelectrical magnitudesand angles.
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Use wind turbines,Solar arrays,Geothermal, Streamturbine from a small
local stream, Wave,Tidal energy
Offer significanteconomic,environmental and
security benefits• Small, modular, located
near load site
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Good design and operatingpractices could minimizethe occurrence and impactof widespread outages
Reliability criteria
Robust stability controls Coordinated emergency
controls
Real-time systemmonitoring and control
Need for a single entitywith overall responsibilityfor security of entireinterconnected system
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Electric power: Essential resource of nationalsecurity
It affects : finance,transportation,food and water
supply, health and welfare, communications,research, heating, cooling, lighting, computer andelectronics, industries, commercial enterprise andmany more…
Impact on grid and public life is countless…
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Will there be a blackout in future???
Engineers tend to learn from the past
... but systems are usually prepared to the last
(rather than future) war Improvements in communications and
coordination in SLDC,RLDC and generating
stations ... but new challenges are looking ahead
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I. http://www.powermin.nic.in August 2012
II. http://wikipedia.org/India_blackouts
III. ieee.org
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