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Co-generation and Tri-generation
Global experience & Technological advancements By:
Vikas Tripathi Head – Marketing Cooling Business
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Tri-generation/Cogeneration
A new concept?
Reliable? Viable? Sustainable?
Who uses Co/Tri-generation… and Why?
How do they do it Globally?
What is happening in leading economies? ( Cogeneration
Perspective)
How are regulators & other shapers shaping it?
What are the Challenges?
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The first public electricity supply in
the world was the cogeneration
system implemented by Edison in
1882 to supply electricity and steam
to Manhattan, New York, later
converted to a tri-generation system
which is now the eighth largest
decentralised energy network in the
world.
Concept is Not New
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Audi – Germany
Mercedes- Germany
BBC- UK
Lockheed Martin – USA
IBM – USA
Sony- USA
Paramount Pictures- USA
AIIMS – Delhi
American Embassy - Delhi
Reliable, Viable & Sustainable? Users can tell better
And many more…
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“A unit energy saved by a user is greater than a unit produced as it saves on
production, transmission & distribution losses”
What is the Need
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WHY Tri-generation
• Waste heat is used for generating
– Hot water / steam for space or process heating
– Chilled water for comfort cooling or process cooling
– SYSTEM EFFICIENCY UPTO 85%
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Conventional Tri-generation system
SD Absorption chiller
Gas Engine
Alternator WHRB
Engine exhaust
Chilled Water
Hot Water Absorption chiller
Steam (8 bar.g)
Jacket Hot water
200-210 oC
400-550 oC
To Process
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Absorption Chiller
Silencer
3 Way diverter Damper Gas Engine
Chimney
Engine Exhaust
Jacket Hot Water In
Chilled Water In
Chilled Water Out
Jacket Hot Water Out
Engine Exhaust In
Engine Exhaust Out Direct Firing
New Tri-generation Scheme
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Some Tri-generation Installations
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Rome Airport, Italy; 4500 TR Cooling
2 x 4500 KW & 2 x 3500 KW Hot Water Chillers
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Berlin Airport, Germany; 740 TR Cooling
2 x 1300 KW Exhaust Fired Chillers
2600 KW of Cooling for the Airport
2 MW Engine
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Lonjas Technologia, Barcelona – 1400 TR Cooling
District Cooling
Exhaust gas based chiller
3353 KW Engines
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California State University, Fullerton, USA – 4.5 MW Power, 2600 TR Cooling
2 x 4605 KW Exhaust Fired Chillers
1 x 4.5 MW Solar Gas Turbine
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100 Market Street, Australia, 3 MW Gas Engines + 3.5 MW Cooling
•Shopping Center with 5 Star NABERS Rating.
•Largest retail property group with more than 10 Million Sq. Metres of Retail space world over.
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International Technology Park, India : 19 MW power + 8.4 MW Cooling
5 Nos. HRUs
GENSETS
8440 KW cooling for Air - conditioning
7 MW WIL
3 MW WIL
3 MW WIL
3 MW WIL
3 MW CAT
19 MW Green Power for facility
EXHAUST
HT HOT WATER
GENSET JACKET WATER
Hot water generator (standby)
EXHAUST
EXHAUST
EXHAUST
EXHAUST
GE
NS
ET
JA
CK
ET
WA
TE
R
4220 KW x 2 Nos Single Double Effect Vapor Absorption Chillers
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Paramount Studios- CA, USA
Tri-generation Installation : Studio
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California State University, USA
Tri-generation Installation : University
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Paramount Studios- CA, USA
Tri-generation Installation : Casino
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Gemili Hospital: Italy
Tri-generation Installation : Hospital
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What’s Happening in Leading Economies
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Europe
Policy Perspective
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CHP Share of National Power Production
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Tax
Support
Feed In
Tariff
Certificate
Trading Scheme
Capital
Grant
Others
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
Sweden
UK
Support Mechanisms
Source: CODE Project report on CHP support schemes- www.code-project.eu
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Northern Region contains some of the Europe’s biggest countries
including the leader in CHP Denmark
Denmark, Finland & Sweden – Limited support for fossil fuel CHP as
large focus is towards renewable & low carbon solutions
Belgium & Germany- Has shown convincing promotion of CHP, Good
support mechanisms in place
District Heating applications incorporating cogeneration is dominant in
Eastern region
Europe Summary
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USA
Policy Perspective
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Policy Perspective
China
Announces massive tri generation action plan to achieve the following
targets:
2015: 5000 MWe through trigeneration
2020: 50,000 Mwe including 30,000 MWe of gas fired to replace
coal
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Policy Perspective
Japan
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Source: CHP Market & Policy Movement in Japan by Japan Gas Association
Policy Perspective
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Shapers of Tri-generation
Regulators
Gas Companies
ESCOs Financial
Cos.
Technology Innovators
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Beneficiaries of Tri-generation
End User
• Pays only for what he consumes
• Gets reliable power & cooling supply
Government
• 30-35% T&D loss elimination
• Demand Side Management
Gas/CHPC Companies
• Predictable gas supplies
Without a doubt, Decentralised energy generation is most efficient
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Hurdles & Challenges
• Supply side: Distribution Network for Gas
• Lack of incentives to make gas based power generation viable
• Lack of special gas pricing for power generation through CHPC/Tri-
generation route
• Weak Rupee- Costlier import
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Technology Developments
• Shale Gas estimation of 6.1 tcf in 3 out of 26 sedimentary basins
• Horizontal fracking technology development will help in reducing shale
gas prices
• Triple Effect Absorption chillers (with a COP 1.9) can provided 575 TR
of Cooling from a 2 MW engine (30% more than Double Effect )
chillers
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Shale Gas Projection in North America
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Triple Effect Vapour Absorption Chiller
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1 Absorption Chiller on Multiple Engines
Hot Water
Exhaust
Hot Water
Exhaust
Hot Water
Exhaust
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Conclusion
• Tri-generation is more than a century old and is most efficient solution
for thermal energy utilization
• Europe, Japan, Korea and China have embraced this solution
supported by policy framework and support mechanism on fuel price
• Many of Indian industries have suffered after investments in Tri-
generation technology due to steep rise in gas prices and still highly
subsidised power
• India needs to overcome supply side and fuel price challenges for
proliferation of Tri-generation
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Suggestions
• A great initiative like this summit needs time-bound action plan for
technology and concept promotion
• Tri-generation to be focussed as part of PAT scheme and incentives
should be attractive enough to overcome supply side suspicions
• A steering committee should be formed for sharing advancement in
technology
• A draft in line with “White House Executive Order on CHP” should be
prepared with 10 years vision
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