Why & How Buildings
Deteriorates
By Anup D. Gupta.
BE. Civil, L.L.B., M.B.A. Project Management Consultants.
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
No.s of Building In Mumbai
Year - Numbers
1970 30,000
2000 70,000
2015 1,00,000
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Why & How Building Deteriorates Reason :- During Construction. 1. Low grade design ( Architectural & Structural ) 2. Lack of technical supervision. 3. Lower quality construction material 4. Lower quality workman ship. = Lower grade buildings. 5. Poor maintenance after construction / during
habitation.
Result - Age of building lesser approx 40 yrs.
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
SOURCES OF WATER (external)
• Coastal Area / close to sea.
• Rain and Ground water table.
• In mumbai 2000 mm per year is average rainfall.
• Mumbai land 70% is marshy and remaining 30% is hilly area.
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Grade / quality - 1
If design of building is M-20 / Zone – iii , with average periodical maintenance the building life will be 50 years. Approx. If design of building is M-15 / Zone – iii with average periodical maintenance the building life will be 40 years. Approx. It will be 20% less.
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Grade / quality - 2
If design of building is M-25 / Zone – iii , with average periodical maintenance the building life will be 60 years. Approx. If design of building is M-25 / Zone – iv with average periodical maintenance the building life will be 80 years. Approx. It will be 20% More.
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Low Grade Design means
• Rain water drain system improper.
• Waste water drain – outflow improper.
• Poor ventilation.
• inadequate air moisture drain system.
• Internal leakage source of water through Bath / Wc
• Improper load distribution / Small / very compact living spaces.
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Possible faults / Creation of Source during construction for Water to seep into
building section later.
• Improper water Cement ratio & improper compacting of concrete during construction.
• Improper Curing of construction works.
• Loose RCC brick wall joints
• Poor design mix
• Lack of Water leakage protection system at all water use area (Bath, WC, Kitchen)
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
New Building at construction stages
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Spacers missing at many frames and steel bars corrosion.
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Leakages observed in Ceiling on the 3th , 4th and 5th Floors
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Mixing is done on the open floor without the required plate
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Quality of bricks are not upto the mark
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Social Issues – After Construction & Habitation
• Lack of knowledge among residents
• Ignorant attitude of residents
• Lack of timely & proper Maintenance
• Weathering effects from outside
• Water related problems within and across structure
• The ineffective building management system
• Lack of professional in the field.
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
G + 7 Design with Straight Discontinuous Chajja’s & Open Top Parapet Wall
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Possible reason & Source of Water ingress
to building section
• Rain water through terrace & side walls 4 months / yr.
• leakage from O. H. water tank every day.
• leakage from bath & WC every day.
• Leaking pipes which runs around the building.
• Water moisture through floor mopping.
• Under ground water from marshy land.
• Under ground water through leaking sewage pipes.
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Possibilities of max. leakage
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Every day even one spoon of water leak to structure may be sufficient to damage it within 3 years.
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Causes of Water Leakage
Bathrooms and toilets can leak due to the following reasons: • Negligence during plumbing and sanitation • Usage of conventional tiling methods that do not actually
work as waterproofing • Sealing of through joints with white cement • Usage of through joints between ceramic sanitary units
such as wash basins / bathtubs • Compromise in the quality of construction • Usage of concrete which has aged or has honeycombs and
voids Let us now look at some causes in detail.
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
SOURCES OF WATER(internal)
• Overhead water tank.
• Inside flat’s bathroom cement joints of tiles.
• Bathroom water passes through nahani is approx 99%.
• 1% of water passes
through joints.
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Serious effects of water leakages
• Damage to the building’s internal appearance
• Danger to human health.
• Loss of property – furniture, equipment, paintings, etc.
• Deterioration of materials, corrosion of reinforcement and decay of timber causing reduced life of structure.
• Ill effects on the building’s electrical and technical systems, and overall safety
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
STILT + 6 Existing Building (35+ Yrs OLD)
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
NO RUNNING CHAJJA OVER STAIRCASE SECTION
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Straight Chajja Design incapable to protect walls from rain water
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Straight Chajja Design incapable to protect walls from rain water REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Straight Chajja Design incapable to protect walls from rain water & change of chajja design
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Wall Damaged/ Hollow due to prolonged water seepage over the period of years
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Cracked Staircase Column and Hollow/ Damaged Wall because of no protection from water at top
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Damaged reinforcement of staircase column/ broken stirrups/ Loss of steel
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
NEXT STAGE
We all need to think deep and explore better possibilities.
Thanks
Rex Con Cor Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
ANUP GUPTA
Gruha Sankalp Sanstha
REX – PMC REX – BMC
REX – GSS
Top Related