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Page 1: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

WhoweretheMongols?

Mongollifecenteredonherdinganimals,especiallyhorses

Mongolslivedasnomadicclans,constantlysearchingforbetterpasturelands

TheMongolslivedintheharshclimateoftheEurasiansteppe,

anareawithlittlerain&extremetemperatures

Page 2: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

WhoweretheMongols?Asaresultoftheirlifestyle,theMongolsweretoughwarriorswhooccasionallyraidednearbysettlements

From1200to1206,aclanleadernamedGenghis

KhanunifiedtheMongols

GenghisKhanbuiltapowerfulMongolarmy&begana21-yearconquestofEurasia

Page 3: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or
Page 4: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

CentralAsia

UnderGenghis&laterkhans,theMongolsconquered…Russia

China

Korea

theIslamicEmpire

Page 5: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or
Page 6: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

HowdidtheMongolscreatethismassiveempire?

Mongolsoldierswereexcellenthorsemen;Usedthehorsesaddle

toshootarrowswhileriding

Page 7: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

HowdidtheMongolscreatethismassiveempire?

Genghiswasabrilliantmilitaryorganizer&strategist,buthisgreatesttacticwasterror&fear

Ifanenemyrefusedtosurrender,Genghiswouldorderthedeathoftheentirepopulation

AstheMongolreputationspread,manytowns

surrenderedtoGenghiswithoutafight

Page 8: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

“Inthecountriesthathavenotyetbeenoverrunbythem,everyonespendsthenightafraidthattheymayappeartheretoo.” (Arabhistorian)

Page 9: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

TheImpactoftheMongolEmpireTheMongolsweremercilessinbattle,buttolerantasrulers

Mongolkhans(rulers)oftenadoptedpartsofthecultureofthepeopletheyconquered

IntheWest,MongolsconvertedtoIslam

IntheEast,MongolsembracedChineseculture

Page 10: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

TheImpactoftheMongolEmpireMongolkhans

broughtstability&ordertoEurasia

Theerafromthemid-1200stothemid-1300siscalledthePaxMongolica(“Mongol

Peace”)

DuringthePaxMongolica,theMongolsguaranteedsafepassageacrossthe

SilkRoad

Asaresult,trade&culturaldiffusionincreasedbetween

Europe&Asia

Chinesetechnologieslikegunpowder&

themagneticcompassreachedEurope

Butdiseasesliketheplague(BlackDeath)reachedEuropetoo

Page 11: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

AfterthedeathofGenghisKhan,theMongolEmpirewasdividedinto4majorkhanateseachruledbyasonorgrandsonofGenghis

ThekhanateinPersiahelpedcontrolthe

SilkRoad

TheMongoldestructionofKievincreasedtheimportanceofMoscow

inRussia

TheMongolswerethefirstnon-MuslimstoruleovertheIslamicEmpire

Page 12: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

AfterthedeathofGenghisKhan,theMongolEmpirewasdividedinto4majorkhanateseachruledbyasonorgrandsonofGenghis

ButthemostsignificantkhanatewastheMongol

ruleoverChinaIn1279,Genghis’

grandsonKublaiKhanbecamethefirstforeignleadertoruleChina

Page 13: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

KublaiKhanKublaiKhanbegananewerainChinacalled

theYuanDynasty

KublaienjoyedChineseculturesomuchthathemovedtheMongolian

capitaltoChina

But,heexcludedtheChinesefromservinginhighgov’toffices&reliedonforeignerstoserveinhisgovernment

Page 14: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

Kublaiprovedtobeagoodemperor

forChina

Hebuiltroads&extendedtheGrandCanaltohelpimprove

transportationinChina

UnderKublai,foreigntradewithChinaincreaseddueto

thePaxMongolica

Page 15: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

MarcoPoloIn1275,aEuropeanmerchantnamedMarcoPolovisitedKublaiKhan’scourt

KublaiwassoimpressedwithMarcoPolothatheemployedhimintheYuangov’tfor17years

WhenMarcoPoloreturnedtoItalyin1792,hisstoriesofChinaincreasedEuropeandemandforAsiantrade

Page 16: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

BythetimeofKublai’sdeathin1294,theentireMongolEmpirewasgrowingweak

In1368,theChineseoverthrewtheMongols&startedtheMingDynasty

In1330,theMongolslostcontrolofPersia

In1370,theMongolslostcontrolofCentralAsia

In1480,underIvanIIIRussiagainedindependencefromMongolrule&

startedtheRomanovDynasty

Page 17: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

TheEndoftheGoldenAge■ Despitethewealth&cultureduringundertheTang&SongDynasties,theChinesewerebrieflyoverthrownbytheMongols– From1279to1368,foreignnomadscalledtheMongolsruledChina

Page 18: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

TheMingemperorsencourageoverseastrade…

In1368,theChineseoverthrewtheMongols&establishedtheMingDynasty

Page 19: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

…andbeganaseriesofexplorationsledbyZhengHetodemonstrateChinesesuperiority

Page 20: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

ReadtheexcerptfromZhengHeandtheTreasureFleetExpeditionsWithafleetofover100ships,

ZhengHeled7differentexpeditions

ZhengHeexploredareasalongtheIndianOcean&Africa,expandtrade,&collectedtributefromforeigners

ZhengHehadbetterships&traveledfartherthananyEuropeanexplorerswouldfor100years

Page 21: Who were the Mongols? - MRS. WARDEN'S WORLD HISTORY · 2018. 12. 4. · After the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire was divided into 4 major khanates each ruled by a son or

ChineseIsolation■ Afterthe7thtreasurefleetvoyagein1433,Chineseleadersunexpectedlyendedtheexpeditions&retreatedintoisolationism– Scholar-officialscomplainedthatZhengHe’svoyagesusedvaluableresourcesthatwereneededtodefendChina– China’sofficialtradepolicywastokeeptheinfluenceofoutsiderstoaminimum– China’sgeography&gov’tpolicieskeptitrelativelyisolatedforthenext300yearsuntilEuropeanmerchantsinthe1800sdemandedaccesstoChinesetrade


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