What is the difference?
• United Kingdom (officially the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
– One country consisting of G Britain and N Ireland
• Great Britain
– name of the island northwest of France and east of
Ireland that consists of three somewhat autonomous
regions: England, Wales and Scotland
• England is a region of Great Britain, not a country
• Therefore, England is part of Great Britain, which
is part of the United Kingdom.
How has the Geography (location,
climate & physical features)
benefited Great Britain throughout
the years?
•It is an island, which makes
it invincible to land invasion
•Scotland has highlands,
which makes it difficult
to invade from the north
•Climate is affected by the
North Atlantic Drift – generally
mild and temperate
England
England Notes
Write the following words in your passport and after the PowerPoint, neatly draw a
picture associated with that word.
1066 Battle of Hastings
William the Conquer
Feudalism
Magna Carta
Parliament
Henry VIII
Queen Elizabeth
British Empire
Winston Churchill
1066 The Battle of Hastings
• Last time England was successfully
invaded by a foreign power.
William the Conqueror • Lead his Norman army across the
English Channel to successfully
invade England.
Feudalism
• Political System in
which powerful lords
owned most of the
land.
Generic plan of a
mediaeval manor;
open-field strip
farming, some
enclosures, triennial
crop rotation,
demesne and manse,
common woodland,
pasturage and
meadow
Magna Carta
• Historic document
that limited the power
of the English King
signed in 1215.
An English charter originally issued in
1215. Magna Carta was the most
significant early influence on the
extensive historical process that led to
the rule of constitutional law today.
Henry VIII (8th)
Henry VIII is famous for having
been married six times. He wielded
perhaps the most formidable power
of any English monarch and brought
about the English Reformation.
Many significant pieces of
legislation were enacted during
Henry VIII's reign. They included the
several Acts which severed the
Church of England from the Roman
Catholic Church and established the
king as the supreme head of the
Church in England.
Queen Elizabeth
Portrait of Elizabeth to
commemorate the defeat of
the Spanish Armada (1588),
depicted in the background.
Elizabeth's hand rests on the
globe, symbolising her
international power.
Daughter of Henry
VIII (from his 2nd wife
Anne Boleyn who he
had executed), ruled
England for 45 years
through a glorious &
golden age. England
became a major
power under her rule.
Parliament
• England's representative lawmaking body
whose members are elected or appointed
(in some cases, they inherit the position)
British Empire • “the sun never sets on the British Empire”
• Thanks to the Royal navy, England ruled & controlled ¼ of the worlds population. This colonial rule spread English culture & laws to the rest of the world.
Winston Churchill • Prime minister of England during WWII,
responsible for preserving and defending
democracy & freedom in Europe.
Scotland
Scotland
Write the following words in your passport and after
the PowerPoint, neatly draw a picture associated with
that word.
• Scottish Clans
• William Wallace
• Battle of Culloden 1746
• Industrial Revolution
Scottish ClansScottish clans (from Scottish Gaelic clann, "children"),
give a sense of identity and shared descent to people in
Scotland. Each clan has its own tartan patterns and
members wear kilts to represent them.
William Wallace
• Sir William Wallace - Was a knight and Scottish patriot who led a resistance against the English occupation of Scotland during the Wars of Scottish Independence
Battle of Culloden 1746• Last land battle fought in the United
Kingdom. It was the English versus the
Highlanders. After the battle the
English made wearing kilts & playing
the bagpipes against the law in
Scotland.
Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution which began
in Scotland & Britain marked a major
turning point in human social history.
Manual labor based economies began
to be replaced by ones dominated by
industry and the manufacture of
machinery.
Ireland
Ireland notes
• Peat
• Saint Patrick
• Potato Famine
• North Atlantic Drift
• Northern Ireland conflict
Peat• Because Ireland lacks energy sources, the
Irish burn peat as a source of fuel. Peat is
partially decayed plant matter found in bogs.
Saint Patrick
Is the patron Saint of
Ireland and is
responsible for
spreading Christianity
to the island around
400 AD.
Potato Famine • The Great Hunger reduced the population of
Ireland by 25 percent between 1845 and 1852. It
resulted in a mass migration of Irish people to the
United States.
North Atlantic Drift• A current of warm water from the tropics that
makes Western Europe have a mild rainy
climate.
Northern Ireland conflict
Half of Northern Ireland’s
population is Protestant
but 99% of the Republic
of Ireland’s population is
Catholic. Catholics in
Northern Ireland want to
be one country with the
rest of Ireland, but the UK
doesn’t want to give up.
France
France notes
• Bubonic plague
• Joan of Arch
• French Revolution
Bubonic plague
The Black Death was one of
the most deadly pandemics in
human history. It probably
began in Central Asia and
spread to Europe by the late
1340s.The Black Death is
estimated to have killed ¼ to
1/3 of Europe's population.
Map of
Spread of
Black
Death
Joan of Arc Joan of Arc 15th century
saint and national heroine of
France. She was the only
known person in history to
command the entire army of
a whole nation at the young
age of 17 and was executed
by the English for witchcraft
when she was only 19. She
was canonized as a saint in
1920.
French Revolution The French Revolution (1789–
1799) was a period of political and
social upheaval in the political
history of France, during which the
French governmental structure,
(previously an absolute monarchy)
underwent radical changes.
King Louis XVI & his wife,
Queen Marie Antoinette were
beheaded via the guillotine.
Guillotine: between 18,000
and 40,000 people were
executed during the French
Revolution
Spain notes
Spanish Inquisition
Spanish Armada
Spanish Inquisition
Two priests ask a heretic to repent
as torture is administered.
A movement in Spain
to convert Jews &
other non Christians to
the Catholic faith.
Spanish Armada
The Spanish
Armada also known
as the "Invincible
Navy” was the
Spanish fleet that
was destroyed by
England in an
attempted invasion.
Italy Renaissance
Aqueduct
Renaissance
The Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" was a period
of great cultural change and achievement in
Europe that spanned the period from the end of
the 13th century to about 1600, marking the
transition between Medieval and Early Modern
Europe.
An aqueduct is an artificial channel that is
constructed to convey water from one location to
another.
Germany
• Martin Luther
• Reformation
• Holocaust
• Nationalism
• Berlin Wall
Martin Luther
• Translated bible into German to make it
more accessible to common people
• Started the reformation and the protestant
religion
Reformation
• A period when many
Christians broke away
from the Catholic
Church and started
Protestant to fight
religious wars that
tore Europe apart
Nationalism
• The belief that people
should be loyal to
their nation, the
people with whom
they share land,
culture, and history
Holocaust
• A program of mass
murder of European
Jews and other
minorities.
Berlin Wall
• Wall dividing eastern
and western Berlin
• The east was allied
with the communist in
Russia the west was
allied with
noncommunist
Europe
Eastern Europe
• Cultural Crossroads
• Balkanization
• Satellite nations
• Ethnic Cleansing
• Anti Semitism
Cultural Crossroads
• A place where various
cultures cross paths
Balkanization
• The process of a
region breaking up
into small, mutually
hostile units
Satellite nations
• Nations dominated by
another country
Ethnic Cleansing
• The policy of trying to
eliminate an ethnic
group through
violence
Anti- Semitism
• Discrimination against
Jewish people
Low Countries
• Benelux
• Polder
• Zuider Zee
• Anne Frank
Benelux
• Countries of Belgium,
Netherlands, and
Luxembourg
Polder
• Land that is reclaimed
by diking and draining
Zuider Zee
• An arm of the North
Sea that is now a
fresh water lake.
Anne Frank
• A German born
Jewish girl who wrote
a diary while hiding
from the Germans
with her family and
friends in Amsterdam.
Scandinavia
• Fjords
• Nordic Countries
• European Environment/ Agency
• Smog & Ozone
Fjords
• steep u-shaped valleys that connect to the
sea and that filled with seawater after the
glaciers melted
Nordic Countries
• Countries including Denmark, Finland,
Iceland, Norway and Sweden
European Environment Agency
• Provides the EU with reliable information
about the environment.
Smog
• A brown haze that occurs when the gases
released by burning fossil fuels reacts with
sunlight to create hundreds of harmful
chemicals.
Ozone
• A form of oxygen that causes health
problems
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