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Rick MuellerNational Agricultural Statistics ServiceResearch and Development Division
Spatial Analysis ResearchSeptember 2, 2010
NASS MISSION:
To provide timely, accurate, and useful p ystatistics in service to U.S. agriculture
What does NASS do?◦ Administer USDA’s Statistical Estimating Program◦ Conduct the 5-year Census of Agriculture◦ Coordinate Federal/State agricultural statistical needs ◦ Provide statistical consulting for Federal/StateProvide statistical consulting for Federal/State
governments, universities, and other countries ◦ Collect and summarize agricultural data under
reimbursable agreements◦ Conduct statistical research
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NASS issues about 500 statistical reports each year and about 9,000 reports and news releases from its 46 field offices
County Estimates
Census of Agriculture
Vegetation Condition
Cropland Data Layer
NASS begins preparing year end county crop production estimates immediately after publishing the annual Crop Production S i JSummary in January
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The NASS Annual County Estimates Program provides for the collection of crop data through cooperative agreements with each statestate
Measures year to year change at the county level
The county data are assembled starting with the state estimate and working back to the county
NASS Field Offices set the annual county estimates for acreage, yield and production and submit them to headquarters for dissemination
A release schedule provides the dates for when the data is available
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Data can be accessed using Quick Stats interactive statistical database fromhttp://www.nass.usda.gov/
County maps can be accessed by selecting Charts and Maps-County Maps from http://www.nass.usda.gov/
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Ethanol maps showing US and State level corn production with ethanol plant locations can be accessed by selecting Charts and Maps- selecting A –Z & Ethanol Plants
Ethanol Plants and Corn Production by County
Census of Agriculture is conducted every 5 years
A complete accounting of crops and
2007 Census of Agriculture
p g plivestock on all farms
Collects information on operator characteristics, demographics, income and expenses
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The 2007 Census of Agriculture Guide to Census Products can be accessed by selecting 2007 Census from http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/
Users can view or download census data online using the Quick Stats database
Users can download Desktop Query Tool to their desktopto their desktop
Users can view, print or download static maps
2007 Census data can be accessed using the Quick Stats database
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The Desktop Data Query Tool allows users offline access to the 2007 data
Users are able to query by Census table
Data can be downloaded as csv files for use in a spreadsheet or in a GIS
250 Static Atlas Maps are available in the following areas◦ Crops and Plants◦ Economics◦ Farms◦ Livestock and Animals◦ Operators
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Choropleth (shaded) Maps Dot Density Maps Dot Density Change Maps
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Farms Farms Farms with Internet Access
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Economics Economics Economics
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Operators Operators Operators
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Crops Crops
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County profiles Watershed data published at the 6 digit hydrologic unit code for 38 selected landuse characteristics
Vegetation condition images can be accessed from http://www.nass.usda.gov/Research and Science
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Bi-weekly composite images utilizing the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) from the Advanced Very High(NDVI) from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) weather satellite.
Integration of remote sensing along with survey data are used to illustrate weather effects on various sources of information
Weather satellite is used to monitor changing vegetation conditions throughout the growing season
Vegetation condition images are based on a Normalized Vegetation Index or NDVI
The NDVI measures vegetation vigor(greenness) caused by "chlorophyll activity“
NDVI values have been shown to have a close relationship to the growth stages of crops
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Vegetation Condition Vegetation Condition
Lower NDVI values are likely to show areas under stress due to ◦ drought◦ excessive moisture◦ disease
Higher NDVI values represent healthy vegetation
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1998 Drought in Texas
1996 Drought inWinter Wheat Areas
48 State Continental US Coverage
What is a Cropland Data Layer (CDL)?Identifies agriculture type and location
Each pixel represents a type of crop or land cover
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Cropland Data Layer can be accessed from http://www.nass.usda.gov/ Research and Science
Cropland Data Layer is available on CD-ROM or DVD and from the NRCS Geospatial Data Gateway
Release, Jan 4, 2010National product 56m
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“Census by Satellite” Without area duplication Annually cover major program crop regions
Provide timely, accurate, useful independent ti t
Cropland Data Layer Objectives
estimates Measurable error County, State, District and Watershed level
Output crop specific Cropland Data Layer Distribute free to public NRCS Geospatial Data
Gateway Publish accuracy statistics/metadata
Cropland Data Layers1997 - 2009
’06-’07 & ‘09
’07 & ‘09
’07 & ‘09’07 & ‘09
’08-‘09
’08-‘09
’08-‘09
’08-‘09
’99-’09
’00-’09
’06-’09
’01-’09
’06-‘09
’97-’09’06-’09
’03-’09
’00-’09’06-’09
’07-’09
‘09‘09
’08 -‘09 ’97-’09
’04 & ‘09’04-’09
’99-’09
’06-09
’08 – ‘09
’08 – ‘09’08 – ‘09
’08- ‘09‘08-‘09
Inputso Resourcesat-1 AWiFS & Landsat imageryo Farm Service Agency – Common Land Unito NASS June Ag Survey
Cropland Data Layer Program Components
o NASS June Ag Surveyo Ancillary data -USGS NLCD & derivative products
Outputso Acreage Estimateso Cropland Data Layer
Processo Commercial software
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Satellite Imagery - AWiFS & Landsat TM Farm Service Agency – CLU
NASS June Agriculture Survey NLCD & Derivative products
Ground Truth Preparation•ESRI ArcMap
Image Preparation•Leica Geosystems ERDAS Imagine 9.1Imagine 9.1
Image Classification•See 5
Acreage Estimates•SAS/IML Workshop
See5 Decision Tree State-of-the-art technique for image classification
Relatively inexpensive ($900)
Uses ground truth categories and g gspectral bands from imagery to define specific rules to classify imagery
Incorporates a powerful ensemble method known as “boosting”
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Foreign Agricultural Serviceo Resourcesat-1 AWiFS
Farm Service AgencyCommon Land Unit “ground truth”
Data Partnerships
o Common Land Unit ground truth US Geological Survey
o National Land Cover Dataset US Geological Survey/ NASA
o Landsat TM 5 & 7o MODIS
The CDL program has undergone major restructuring, reengineering and modernization the past few years.
The new efficiencies allow for production of in-season crop acreage estimates, that were not previously possible with our older methods
Cropland Data Layer
previously possible with our older methods.
The CDL is now able to deliver state/district/county estimates throughout the growing season starting with Winter Wheat for the June 30th Crop Acreage Report.
Additional states are processed as the growing season progresses
*Geospatial Decision
Support Systems
USDA dNASS Field
NASS Census & Surveys
Satellite Systems
NASS Estimation Systems
Administrative Data
NASS Agricultural
Statistics Board
NASS Field Offices
National,State,
District, County
Estimates
* NASS Uses Geospatial Decision Support Systems to provide updated information to the Ag Statistics Board and data users
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Acreage Report – Winter Wheat Crop Production Report – Corn & Soybeans
Crop Production Report – CDL Cotton, Rice, & Peanuts
Small Grains Summary Crop Production Report – All Crops
The CLUs from the Farm Service Agency supply the agricultural data needed to distinguish between the different crop types in a particular state
The National Land Cover Data (NLCD) is used to identify areas of urban infrastructure, like cities and roads, as well as land cover that is not considered agriculture, like forest, wetland or water
Agriculture Ground Truth Non-Agriculture Ground TruthProvided by Farm Service Agency
Identifies known fields and crops
Divide known fields into 2 sets70 % used for training software30% used for validating results
USGS National Land Cover Dataset
Identifies urban infrastructure and non-agriculture land coverForest, grass, water, cities
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Forest Canopy Elevation Impervious Surfaces
Ancillary datasets help separate the agricultural landscape; determining agricultural potential
Satellite Imagery
Ancillary Data
Sampling Done bySee5
Decision Tree
Ground Truth
Classification
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Operational Program◦ Early delivery of estimates◦ Provides measureable statistical error◦ Results used for setting national acreage estimate
Components◦ AWiFS/Landsat imagery◦ Farm Service Agency◦ Commercial Software◦ June Agricultural Survey
Distribution◦ datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov
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‣ CDL program paramount to other NASS geospatial activities
‣ Partnerships with cooperating agencies critical for success
‣ Heavy reliance on satellites and information technology
‣ Timely delivery of geospatial data and statistical information are critical
‣ National CDL crop year 2010‣ Target release Jan 2011‣ Funded Geospatial CDL portal‣ George Mason University/Center for Spatial Information
Science and Systems‣ National Commodity Crop Productivity Index ‣ NRCS dynamic soils layer‣ NRCS dynamic soils layer‣ Change analysis‣ Live CDL
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California Change Map
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County Estimates◦ Accessing NASS County maps and County data
Census of Agriculture◦ Accessing AgAtlas maps and Census data
Vegetation Condition Vegetation Condition◦ Accessing vegetation condition maps
Cropland Data Layer◦ Accessing the CDL from the NRCS Geospatial
Gateway
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