What Cyber-Phisical System is?
Rock Hyun ChoiMOEM Lab in Daegu
University
What is CPS? The integration of physical system
and processes with networked com-puting has led to the emergence of a new generation of engineered sys-tem
CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group
RangeMiniscule(pace makers) ~ large scale(Aircraft)
Good Ex:Automobiles: the depth of this change is well-re-
flected Why important?
다른 방법으로 실현 할 수 없었던 것을 임베디드 시스템을 이용하면 physical system 에 어떤 능력을 부여해 줄 수 있다 .
Ex) fuel efficiency, pollution mandates
CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group
How to make it better?Merging computing and networking with physical sys-
temSo, it creates new capabilities and improve/maintain
product quality.
MethodologyU.S. – NSFEuropean Union – ARTEMIS & EPoSS JAPAN – Embedded technology conferenceSouth Korea - KIPA
CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group
Opportunities Created by CPS
CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group
CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group
Opportunities Created by CPS
ShortcomingsCurrent industrial experience
→ inefficient, unsafe, and unpredictable
CompositionCompositionality: 시스템 레벨 영역들을 로컬영역
구성요소들에 의해서 계산 ( 조작 ) 될 수 있다 .Composability: 컴포넌트 ( 부품 , 성분 , 구성요
소 ) 영역은 다른 컴포넌트에 상호작용의 결과로 변화되지 않는다 .
CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group
CompositionCPSs are inherently heterogeneous
Why? Their components and essential de-sign requirements.
Multi-objective design problems:Separation of concerns( = design view-
points)
CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group
Engine engineer
Network engineerorthogonal
Design automationHeterogeneity → increase design complex-
ity• → bad for design automation, serious
problem
Today standard is to use different processes and tools• 중복된 노력으로 시간과 자원 낭비가 심함
CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group
System integration
• Cannot reliable, predictable• Large scale system development 에 일반적 문제• Why? Science 와 engineering 의 분리로 발생한 관리문제
CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group
ComplexSystem
into
integrate complex components
Certification현재 complex system(ex. 비행기 ,
의료장비 ) 인증비용이 너무 높고 , 이전 디자인 양상으로는 모두 역어서 테스트 하기가 너무나 힘듬
CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group
Firstbuilding
And thencheck
검사기
Security and privacyIt’s new threats!Can cause huge accidents → can’t easily re-
coverWhy? Physical system can now be attacked
through cyberspace, and vice versa.Education
Stovepiping of engineering versus computer science• Fail to train CPS workers
CPS Executive Summary by CPS Steering group
The challenges of CPS research2.1 Real-time system abstractions
• Current: the principal task of a computer is data trans-formation
• CPS: CPSs are real-time system. This requires reexam-ination of existing hardware and software architecture.– Real-time event triggers– Consistent views of distributes states in real-time within the
sphere of influence. Great in mobile devices– Topology control and dynamic real-time groups in the form of
packaged service classes of bounded delay, jitter and loss under precisely specified condition.
– Interface to access to the same type of controls regardless of the underlying network technology
CPS: A new Frontier by Lui sha
임베디드 시스템은 다른 일반 목적 컴퓨팅 시스템 보다 높은 안정성을 추구한다Not entirely predictableWhy? It misses timing deadline
1. Worst Case Execution Time(WCET)• 간단한 문제해결을 위해서도 많은 노력이 필요
2. RTOS• Timing behavior → coarse and complexity → more uncon-
trollable• Bench testing 필요 : 그러나 포작하기 어려운 미묘한 timing
bugs 가 큰 문제를 일으킬 수 있음
CPS: Design Challenges by Edward Lee
SolutionTiming 이 고려된 언어들• Ex)spilit-C, Cik, SHIM• Guava language – 멀티플 쓰레드에서
비동기화된 객체를 자바 오브젝트에서 제한시킴• Giotto
그 밖에 다양한 연구들이 실시간 시스템을 위해 연구된 논문이 나와있음
CPS: Design Challenges by Edward Lee
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