Download - Welding Chapter 4

8/9/2019 Welding Chapter 4

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Danielle Cyran

Chapter 4 Safety and Health of Welders

I. Personnel Protection and Safety Rules

a. All personnel must be warned of the hazards of welding

b. The hazards that relate to welding are:

i. Electrical shock

ii. Arc radiation

iii. Air contamination

iv. Fire and explosion

v. Compressed gases

vi. Welding cleaning

vii.

Other hazards related to specific processes or occupations

c. Welders work in a variety of conditions and are exposed to gases, radiation, and

heat

d. Welding Workplace Safety

i. Management is responsible for providing training for workers

ii. Employees must be informed and trained so that they can detect when

hazards are present and protect themselves from them

e. Heat Exposure

i. Workers should be supplied with sufficient cool air to avoid breathing

excessively hot air

ii.

Special precautions must be taken and special procedures must be adoptedto protect the welder from the heat

f. Protective Clothing

i. Woolen clothing is much more satisfactory than cotton since it will not

disintegrate from arc radiation or catch fire as quickly

ii. Cloth gloves can be used for light-duty work

iii. For heavy-duty work, more thorough protective clothing is required

iv. Welder may wear a pair of welding leathers and gauntlet gloves, which

protect against sparks and molten metal

v. A headcap should be used

vi.

Flame retardant clothing should be wornvii. High top boots with steel toes should be worn

g. Safety Rules

i. Make sure that your arc welding equipment is stalled properly and

grounded and is in good working condition

ii. Always wear protective clothing suitable for welding to be done

iii. Always wear proper eye protection when welding, cutting, or grinding


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iv. Do not look at the at the arc without proper eye protection

v. Avoid breathing the air in the fume plume directly above the arc

vi. Keep your work area clean and free of hazards

vii. Make sure that no flammable, volatile, or explosive materials are in or

near the work area

viii.

Handle all compressed gas cylinders with extreme careix. Keep caps on when not in use

x. Make sure that compressed gas cylinders are secured to the wall or to

other structural supports

xi. When compressed gas cylinders are empty, close the valve and mark the

cylinder empty

xii. Do not weld in a confined space without special precautions

xiii. Do not weld on containers that have held combustibles without taking

special precautions

xiv. Do not weld on sealed containers or compartments without providing

vents and taking special precautionsxv. Use mechanical exhaust at the point of welding when welding lead,

cadmium, chromium, manganese, brass, bronze, zinc, or galvanized steel,

and when welding in a confined space

xvi. When it is necessary to weld in a damp or wet area, wear rubber boots and

stand on a dry insulated platform

xvii. Do not use cables with frayed, cracked, or bare spots in the insulation

xviii. When the electrode holder is not in use, hang it on the brackets provided.

Never let it touch a compressed gas cylinder

xix. Dispose of electrode stubs in proper containers; stubs on the floor are a

safety hazard

xx.

Shield others from the light rays produced by your welding arc

xxi. Do not weld near degreasing operations

xxii. When working above ground, make sure that the scaffold, ladder, or work

surface is solid

xxiii. When welding in high places, use a safety belt or lifeline

h. Safety Precautions for Oxyacetylene Welding and Cutting

i. Make sure that all gas apparatus shows UL or FM approval, is installed

properly, and is in good working condition

ii. Make sure that all connections are tight before lighting the torch

iii. Do not use a flame to inspect for tight joints

iv.

Use soap solution to detect leaks

v. Always wear protective clothing suitable for welding or flame cutting

vi. Keep work area clean and free of hazardous materials

vii. When flame cutting, sparks can travel 30 to 40 feet (10 to 15 meters)

viii. Do not allow flame cut sparks to hit hoses, regulators, or cylinders

ix. Handle all compressed gas cylinders with extreme care

x. Keep cylinder caps on when not in use


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xi. Make sure that all compressed gas cylinders are secured to the wall or to

other structural supports

xii. Keep acetylene cylinders in the vertical position

xiii. Store compressed gas cylinders in a safe place with good ventilation

xiv. Acetylene cylinders and oxygen cylinders should be kept apart

xv.

When compressed gas cylinders or fuel gas cylinders are empty, close thevalve and mark the cylinder "empty."

xvi. Use oxygen and acetylene or other fuel gases with the appropriate torches

and only for the purpose intended

xvii. Avoid breathing the air in the fume plume directly above the flame

xviii. Never use acetylene at a pressure in excess of 15 psi (103.4 kPa)

xix. Higher pressure can cause an explosion

xx. Never use oil, grease, or any material on any apparatus or threaded fittings

in the oxyacetylene or oxyfuel system

xxi. Oil and grease in contact with oxygen may cause spontaneous combustion

xxii.

Do not weld or flame cut in a confined space without taking specialprecautions

xxiii. When assembling apparatus, crack the gas cylinder valve before attaching

regulators (cracking involves opening the valve on a cylinder slightly, then

closing) This blows out any accumulated foreign material

xxiv. Make sure that all threaded fittings are clean and tight

xxv. Always use this correct sequence and technique for lighting a torch:

i. Open acetylene cylinder valve

ii. Open acetylene torch valve 1/4 turn

iii. Screw in acetylene regulator adjusting valve handle to working

pressure

iv.

Turn off acetylene torch valve (you will have purged the acetylene

line)

v. Slowly open oxygen cylinder valve all the way

vi. Open oxygen torch valve 1/4 turn

vii.Screw in oxygen regulator screw to working pressure

viii. Turn off oxygen torch valve (you will have purged the

oxygen line)

ix. Open acetylene torch valve 1/ 4 turn and light with lighter (use

friction-type lighter or special provided lighting device only)

x. Open oxygen torch valve 1/ 4 turn

xi.

Adjust to neutral flame

xxvi. Always use this correct sequence and technique of shutting off a torch

i. Close acetylene torch valve first, then close oxygen torch valve

ii. Close cylinder valves-the acetylene valve first, then the oxygen

valve

iii. Open torch acetylene and oxygen valves (to release pressure in the

regulator and hose)


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iv. Back off regulator adjusting valve handle until no spring tension is

felt

v. Close torch valves

1. Note: Different torch manufacturers recommend different

shutdown procedures for the torch acetylene and oxygen

valves. Follow the procedure recommended for the torchin use. If the oxygen valve is closed first, the yellow,

sooty acetylene flame enlarges appreciably and could

burn the welder. The carbon soot will deposit in the area.

If the acetylene valve is closed first, there will be a loud

"bang," which may distract nearby welders. In either case

the other valve should be closed quickly

xxvii. Use mechanical exhaust when welding or cutting lead, cadmium,

chromium, manganese, brass bronze, zinc, or galvanized steel

xxviii. If you must weld or flame cut with combustible or volatile materials

present, take extra precautions complete a hot work permit, and providefor a lookout

xxix. Do not weld or flame cut on containers that have held combustibles

without taking special precautions

xxx. Do not weld or flame cut into a sealed container or compartment without

providing vents and taking special precautions

xxxi. Do not weld or cut in a confined space without taking special precautions

i. Material Safety Data Sheets

i. The employer must maintain continuous training concerning hazardous

materials and safety in general

ii. Provisions to safeguard employees are included in Material Safety Data

Sheets as prescribed by the Hazard Communication Standard of the U.S.

Department of Labor

iii. Each data sheet for welding products includes information about every

hazardous component comprising 1% or more of the contents, and for

every potential carcinogen

j. Electric Shock Hazard

i. Use only welding machines that meet recognized national standards

ii. Only insulated-type welding electrode holders should be used for shielded

metal arc welding

iii. Semiautomatic welding guns for continuous wire processes should use

low-voltage control switches so that high voltage is not brought into the

hands of the welder

iv. In fully automatic equipment, higher voltages are permitted but are

inaccessible to the operator during normal operations

k. Installation of Welding Machines

i. All machines must be installed in accordance with the National Electrical

Code


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ii. Instructions for installation are given in the manufacturers manual

iii. It is extremely important when several welding machines are working on

the same weldment that the phases of a three-phase power line be

accurately identified

iv. This will ensure that the machines will be on the same phase and in phase

with one anotherv. It is easy to check this by connecting the work leads together and

measuring the voltage between the electrode holders of the different

machines

vi. This voltage should be practically zero

vii. If it is double the normal open-circuit voltage, it means that either the

primary or secondary connections are reversed

viii. If the voltage is approximately one and onehalf times the normal open-

circuit voltage, it means that the machines are connected to different

phases of the

ix.

three-phase power linex. Corrections must be made before welding begins

l. Use of Welding Machines

i. Electrode leads and work leads should not be coiled around the machine

nor should they ever be coiled around the welder

ii. Electrode holders should not be hung where they could come into

accidental contact with the other side of the circuit

iii. Welders should not make repairs on welding machines or equipment

m. Arc Radiation Hazard

i. It is necessary that welders and others close to the welding arc wear

suitable protection from the arc radiation

ii.

The brightness and exact spectrum of a welding arc depend on the welding

process, the metals in the arc, the arc atmosphere, the length of the arc,

and the welding current

iii. The higher the current and arc voltage, the more intense the light from the

arc

iv. Like all radiation, arc light radiation decreases with the square of the

distance

v. Heat is radiated from the arc in the form of infrared radiation

vi. The infrared radiation is harmless, provided that proper eye protection

and clothing are worn

vii.

To minimize light radiation, screens should be placed around the welding

area so that people working nearby are shielded from the arc

n. Eye Protection

i. Welders must wear protective welding helmets with specialized filter

plates or filter glasses


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ii. The curved front welding helmets are preferred over straight front because

they reduce the amount of welding fumes that come to the welder's

breathing zone

iii. The shade of the filter glass used is based on the welding current

iv. Safety glasses should be worn underneath the weld helmet

v.

These are required since the helmet is usually used when slag is chippedor welds are ground

vi. Tinted glasses with side shields are recommended

vii. People working around welders should also wear tinted safety glasses with

side shields

viii. Safety glasses should meet all the requirements of the eye and face

protection standard

o. Contact Lenses

i. Contact lenses themselves do not provide eye protection in the industrial

sense

ii.

The heat from the welding arc or flash is not intense enough to affect thedurable plastic from which contact lenses are made

iii. On occasion, welders and others have their eyes exposed to the arc for a

short period

iv. This will result in what is known as arc burn, arc flash, or welding flash

and is

v. technically called photokeratitis

vi. It is very similar to as unburn of the eye. For approximately 24 hours, the

welder will have the painful sensation of sand in the eyes.

vii. The condition is normally of temporary duration and should not last more

than 48 hours

p.

Transparent Welding Curtains

i. Transparent welding curtains made of polyvinyl chloride plastic film are

sometimes used for screening welding operations

ii. The material is about 0.012 in. thick (0.3 mm), relatively tough, and

available in large sheets

iii. It comes in blue, green, gray, and yellow

iv. Tests performed by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and

Healt1P3) concluded that these curtains provide protection in the

ultraviolet range

v. The material is flame resistant

vi.

It is intended to protect nearby workers from arc flash ad improve

communication with welders

q. Other Factors

i. Welding operations should be isolated from metal degreasing or solvent-

cleaning operations

ii. Warning signs should be posted in welding departments advising visitors

not to look at the arc, since arc flash will injure eyes


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r. Air Contamination Hazard

i. Arc welding and flame cutting produce air contamination

ii. Welding fumes contain two types of air contamination: particulate matter

and gases

iii. The American Welding Society's study entitled "The Welding

Environment" and several foreign studies indicate that there is nosignificant health difference between welders and non-welders when the

welding process is carried out with adequate ventilation

iv. The potential harm from fumes and gases depend on:

i. The chemical composition of the particulate matter

ii. The concentration at the welder's breathing zone

iii. The length of time of exposure to these fumes and gases

s. Particulate Matter

i. Particulate matter is extremely small solids suspended in the air

ii. In welding the type of particulate matter relates to the welding process, the

type of electrode or filled, metal, the welding current employed, and thewelding location, atmospheric conditions, wind, and so on. It also depends

on the composition of the base metal being welded and on any coating on

the base metal near the arc

iii. All welding smoke is not the same, and the concentration can vary over a

wide range

iv. In general, welding with mild steel electrodes on clean steel produces

fumes containing a high proportion of iron oxide and small amounts of

calcium oxide, titanium oxide, and amorphous silica

v. The fumes produced when welding with low-hydrogen-type of electrodes

contain the same oxides and fluorides.

vi.

When welding with stainless steel electrodes, the iron oxide is lower but

there are now oxides of chromium and nickel as well as fluorides.

vii. The flux-cored arc welding process seems to produce the most particulate

matter, or smoke. However, compared to the amount of weld metal

deposited, the particulate matter of SMAW and FCAW is similar

viii. The gas metal arc welding process produces less particulate matter, and

the submerged arc process produces a very small amount of particulate

matter, as do the gas tungsten and plasma arc welding processes

ix. When melted by an arc, the base metal may volatilize and produce

airborne contaminants

x.

The metals that create hazardous airborne contaminations are beryllium,

brass, bronze, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese,

nickel, vanadium, and zinc. Arc welding should not be done on any of

these metals unless mechanical ventilation is employed or unless the

welder is protected in some manner.

t. Gases

i. Gases are produced when:


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i. or may be involved in many of the welding processes in oxygen

flame cutting and allied processes

ii. As products of combustion with the fuel gas

iii. steel is melted in the arc

iv.by some of the constituents of the coating on the shielded metal arc

welding electrode or the material contained in the core of a flux-cored electrode wire

v. fluxes used for gas welding and brazing, and for submerged

vi. arc welding and electroslag welding when they are heated

ii. Ultraviolet rays from the arc, particularly the high intensity gas tungsten

arc, react with the oxygen in the atmosphere to produce ozone

iii. The gas-shielded welding processes employ various gases to shield or

protect the arc area from the atmosphere

u. Confined or Enclosed Areas

i. All welding, flame cutting, and associated operations carried out in

confined or restricted spaces must be adequately ventilated to prevent theaccumulation of toxic materials, combustible gases, or oxygen deficiency

ii. An enclosed area or confined space is a relatively small or restricted space

such as a tank, vat, pressure vessel, boiler, compartment, small room, or

any enclosure that may have poor ventilation

iii. Welding or cutting apparatus should never be taken into the enclosed area

iv. A lookout, or watcher or attendant, must be signed to watch the welders

and other workers continuously and to have occasional voice contact with

those in the enclosed area

v. One lookout should be assigned to team of welders working in a specific

enclosed area

vi.

The atmosphere within the enclosed area must be tested prior to entering

the area

vii. Having an environment with too much oxygen can cause a hazardous

situation due to rapid combustion

viii. Oxygen deficiency can be another hazard for workers in an enclosed area

v. Ventilation

i. Adequate ventilation must be provided for all welding

ii. Adequate ventilation depends on the following:

i. Volume and configuration of space where welding occurs

ii. Number and type of operations generating contaminants

iii.

Allowable levels of specific toxic or flammable contaminants

being generated

iv.Natural airflow and general atmospheric conditions where work is

being done

v. Location of welders and other persons' breathing zones in relation

to the contamination, contaminants, or sources

iii. Adequate ventilation for welding can be obtained in three different ways:


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i. Natural ventilation

ii. General mechanical ventilation

iii. Local exhaust ventilation

iv. Natural ventilation occurs when the welding is done out of doors

v. General mechanical ventilation using roof exhaust fans, wall exhaust fans,

or similar large-area air movers must be used if the space per welder isless than 10,000 ft. 3 (284 m3), or if the ceiling height is less than 16 ft. (5

m) or the shop includes partitions, balconies, or other structural barriers

that obstruct cross ventilation

vi. There are basically two types of local exhaust ventilation systems: a low-

volume, high-velocity fume exhaust system and a high-volume, low-

velocity fume exhaust system

vii. For serious ventilation situations, welders should use faceplate respirators

w. Fire and Explosion Hazard

i. A large number of the fires in industrial plants are caused by cutting and

welding with portable equipment in areas not specifically designated orapproved for such work

ii. The three elements of the fire triangle-fuel, heat, and oxygen-are present

in most welding operations

iii. Hot pieces of metal may come in contact with combustible materials and

start a fire

iv. Cutting and welding fires can be prevented by eliminating all

combustibles from the welding area

x. Work Area

i. A safe workplace must be provided for welding and cutting operations

ii. Floors, walls, ceilings, and work spaces must be constructed of

noncombustible materials

iii. The work area must be kept clean and free of combustible and flammable

iv. materials

v. All fuel gas lines, manifolds, and branches must be installed in accordance

with specifications and codes

y. Fire and Extinguishers

i. In every situation where welding is done, in the welding shop and with

portable equipment in all other areas, fire extinguishers should be

available

ii. Depending on the work area, the appropriate extinguishers should be

available at the work site.

z. Fuel Gases

i. Many different fuel gases are used for welding and flame cutting

ii. Acetylene generators must be properly installed and maintained, and

should be operated only by trained and qualified personnel


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treated with the same precautions as those used with oxygen

cylinders.

ii. The active gas normally used for weld shielding is carbon dioxide

(C02). It is stored as a liquid but gasifies upon release.

kk.Gas Cylinder Adapter

i.

Adapters are connectors that convert one type of valve outlet to another toallow connections to be made to devices such as regulators with different

connection threads

ii. When used judiciously by well-trained personnel who understand the

potential hazards of bringing incompatible gases together, adapters can

serve a useful purpose

iii. Review any adapters employed and control or limit them and prohibit the

making of special adapters without thorough investigation of their use and

potential hazards

II.

PSU Lab Rulesa. LS-1. General Lab Safety

b. LS-1.1 Absolutely no personal projects.

c. LS-1.2 Only students, faculty, and staff associated with Penn State University are

permitted in the lab areas unless special permission is obtained beforehand.

d. LS-1.3 Anyone that appears to be under the influence of any controlled substance

(alcohol, medication, or drugs) will be denied entrance into the labs. Additionally,

if you personally do not feel well enough to maintain the mental focus or strength

to safely perform your work or operate the machinery, you should refrain from

working in the labs.

e. LS-1.4 No one is permitted to be working in the lab areas alone. A member of the

lab staff must be in an adjoining lab area.

f. LS-1.5 All work areas are to be kept clean. Anything left in a common area may

be discarded if the project owner cannot be found. Any projects requiring a

dedicated space must be arranged with the Engineering Lab Supervisor.

Dedicated spaces are to be kept organized. It is highly suggested that anyone

working on a project in the projects labs allocate 10-15 minutes prior to leaving

for clean-up.

g.

LS-1.6 Raw material supplies located in 106 Force should be approved by amember of the lab staff prior to use. All sharp edges should be deburred before

returning extra material to the racks.

h. LS-1.7 Observe all posted warning signs and labels

i. LS-1.8 Respect the projects and tools of others. Respect the lab equipment and

facilities. Any sort of vandalism will result in escalation to Academic Affairs.


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j. LS-1.9 Any supplies that are low in inventory should be reported to the Lab

Supervisor.

k. LS-1.10 Any damaged equipment must be reported to the Lab Supervisor to

facilitate repair, replacement or other appropriate action.

l. LS-1.11 Any hot work to be performed outside of the welding area needs a Hot

Work Permit, obtained from the Lab Supervisor. After the hot work is performed,a fire watch is necessary for 30 minutes afterwards. Any issued Hot Work Permit

is only valid for 24 hours.

m. LS-1.12 Any tools or equipment permanently located in a lab should not be

removed from that lab.

n. LS-1.13 Safety glasses are to be worn during any drilling, cutting, soldering,

hammering, sanding or machining operation. Safety glasses are to be provided by

the individual user. Safety glasses are defined by protective lenses that meet

ANSI Z87.1 rating and display such rating either on the stems or lenses.

o. LS-1.14 Long hair must be tied back to eliminate the chance of it becoming

entangled in rotating machinery.p. LS-1.15 No open-toed shoes are permitted in any project labs.

q. LS-1.16 No horseplay will be tolerated in the project labs or machine shop.

r. LS-1.17 Always walk in the lab. Do not run as metal grinding dust, chips, coolant

or saw dust may present a slippery condition.

s. LS-1.18 Any liquid, grease, dust, or chips must be cleaned up in an appropriate

timeframe.

t. LS-1.19 Use personal protective equipment (PPE) when necessary. PPE may

include gloves, hard hats, hearing protection, respiratory protection, special

protective clothing, and welding masks. Gloves are not to be worn when operating

machinery.

u.

LS-1.21 Don't rush your work. Careless or hurried work rarely produces a good

product and often creates a safety hazard.

v. LS-1.23 All accidents, no matter how minor, need to be reported to the Lab

Supervisor.

w. LS-1.25 Keep pathways to exits clear.

x. LS-1.26 Do not place items in front of fire extinguishers.

y. LS-1.27 Always be aware of where the closest fire extinguisher is and what type

of extinguisher it is.

z. LS-1.28 Never alter a tool or piece of equipment in a manner which reduces its

effectiveness or safety.

aa.

LS-1.29 Never use a tool until you've received instruction on how to handle it

properly.

bb.LS-1.30 Use caution when carrying sharp tools. Uncovered points should be

carried point down.

cc.LS-1.31 Only use sharp tools. Dull tools create a safety hazard and cause

excessive wear on equipment.


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dd.LS-1.32 When cutting, always cut away from the body. All cutting tools should

be directed away from aisle areas and others working in close proximity.

ee.LS-1.34 Never test the sharpness of a tool with your finger.

ff. LS-1.35 Measure twice, cut once.

gg.LS-2. Emergency Procedures

i.

LS-2.1 Evacuateii. LS-2.1.1 Leave the area of concern in an expeditious and

controlled manner. Alert all others in the area of the emergency

and direct/assist them in departing to a safer location.

iii. LS-2.1.2 Without endangering yourself or others, quickly remove

any possible victims to a safer area with access to fresh air, paying

special attention to injuries (spinal cord injuries, deep punctures,

etc.). Immediately seek medical attention for those who have been

injured by calling 911.

iv. LS-2.2 Confine

v.

LS-2.2.1 Close all doors and isolate the area. Restrict access to thearea and prevent people, other than emergency personnel, from

entering the area.

vi. LS-2.3 Report

vii.LS-2.3.1 From a safe place; call the first available person on the

following list. If using a university telephone, only use the last four

digits of each telephone number for faster access.

1. Eric Beaver - (814)949-5699, Engineering Lab

Supervisor, 105 Force

2. Lucas Jones/Tom Hatch - (814)949-5573, Engineering

Lab Coordinators, 105 Force

3. Dr. Barbara Wiens-Tuers - (814)949-5529, B&E Division

Head

4. Penn State Altoona University Police - (814)949-5222

viii. LS-2.3.2 If no one from this list is available, contact

1. Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) 24 hours a day,

365 days a year at (814)865-6391.

ix. LS-2.3.3 Report your emergency, give your name, telephone

number, location, location of the emergency, type of emergency,

number of injured and extent of injuries, and the safest route to the

location. Stay by that telephone.

x.

LS-2.4 Secure

xi. 2.4.1 Until the contacted personnel arrive, block off all areas

leading to the accident location, lock doors, post warning signs and

warning tape, and alert others of the situation.

xii.2.4.2 Post personnel by commonly used entrances to the area to

help direct others.

hh.LS-3. Equipment Check-out


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bbb.LS-4.1.12 Never leave a machine running. Stay with a machine until it has come

to a complete stop.

ccc.LS-4.1.13 Before starting a machine, check that wrenches and keys have been

removed.

ddd.LS-4.3.1 Always stand to the side of the grinder when starting the machine

eee.

LS-4.3.2 Never grind non-ferrous metals. This includes aluminum, brass, bronze,and others. Only grind ferrous metals such as steel.

fff.LS-4.3.3 Keep hands clear of the grinding wheels.

ggg.LS-4.3.4 Do not persistently grind in one location. This causes the expensive

grinding stones to wear unevenly and will require premature replacement.

hhh.LS-4.3.5 Use caution as ground metals will become very hot.

iii. LS-4.4 Vertical Bandsaw

jjj. LS-4.4.1 Do not try to force material through the blade. Let the machine do the

work.

kkk.LS-4.4.2 If the blade is dull and in need of replacement, notify the lab supervisor.

lll.

LS-4.4.3 Always adjust the upper blade guide to the lowest position. This will helpthe blade run properly and minimize the exposure to the dangerous blade.

mmm. LS-4.5 Horizontal Bandsaw

nnn.LS-4.5.1 Always make sure material is properly clamped

ooo.LS-4.5.2 Do not allow the auto-feed mechanism to run too fast. Start at the

slowest speed and increase as necessary.

ppp.LS-4.5.3 Use coolant when cutting metal. Make sure any coolant drips are

cleaned up when complete.

qqq.LS-4.10.1 Keep the workpiece against the platforms.

rrr.LS-4.10.2 Keep hands clear of the sanding belt and disc.

sss.LS-4.10.3 Do not persistently sand in one location. This will unevenly wear the

sanding material

ttt. LS-4.11.1 Weld only in the welding area.

uuu.LS-4.11.2 If you must unavoidably weld outside the welding area, a Hot Work

Permit is required.

vvv.LS-4.11.3 Welding gas must be turned off when you are done.

www. LS-4.11.4 The ventilation system in the welding area must be activated when

welding.

xxx.LS-4.11.5 Proper personal protective equipment is required. This includes

welding masks, gloves, jackets and more. Be careful of gloves or other clothing

that allow welding sparks to be trapped against the skin.

yyy.

LS-4.11.6 Do not weld around any flammable materials. These must be cleaned

up prior to starting any welding.

zzz.LS-4.11.7 Do not attempt to weld galvanized steel.

Executive Summary


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Welding involves the process of fusing metals together via heat, electricity and/or pressure. Due

to the hazardous nature of these, safety precautions must be utilized while doing any type of

welding. Safety equipment for welding includes items to reduce the exposure to heat, fumes and

flying debris. Items that should be worn during welding operations include but are not limited to,a welding face shield with special lenses, flame resistant clothing; including, gloves and a coat,

and high topped steel toed boots. While doing any welding operations proper ventilation must be

ensured to prevent possible air particulate matter and fumes from entering the lungs of the

welder and nearby personnel. Though welding involves many different hazards, by taking proper

precautions, accidents and injuries can be prevented.