8/30/2012 DMA 3 x 5 card directions On one side of the card,
you will write 4 things about yourself: 1. One thing you have in
common with everyone in the class (ex: I am a Kentridge student).
2. One thing you have in common with about half of the class (ex: I
am a boy or I am a girl) 3. One thing you have in common with 3-4
people in this class (ex: I like to snow board). 4. One thing
unique to you! (ex: My birthday is tomorrow).
Slide 3
1. One thing you have in common with everyone in the class I
live in Washington. 2. One thing you have in common with about half
of the class I have a dog and a cat. 3. One thing you have in
common with 3-4 people in this class I have snorkeled in Hanauma
Bay, Hawaii 4. One thing unique to you! I have held a lemur. MY
ANSWERS!
Slide 4
On the other side of your card, answer these questions: 1)What
has been your favorite school subject so far? 2)What has been your
least favorite school subject so far? 3)What is one thing that you
like to do outside of school in your spare time? 4)What is one
extracurricular school sport, club, or activity that you are
participating in currently or are interested in participating in
this school year? 3 X 5 DIRECTIONS: PART 2
Slide 5
Identify and describe the unique criteria for life. Describe
how Earth is unique, among other solar bodies. Understand how
social and technological development contributes to new
discoveries. Describe the factors that contribute to scientific
revolution in the area of astronomy. Understand how technology
improves ones ability to better study the universe. WHAT YOU WILL
LEARN IN ASTRONOMY
Slide 6
Apply data and evaluate varying models of solar system patterns
of movement. Understand what accounts for differences among
established groups of planets. Identify and explain the limits of
human space exploration and travel. Predict the impact of space
exploration on Earth and its inhabitants. Describe the elements in
the universe including stars and galaxies Explain how Earth and the
Solar System fit into the greater universe. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN
ASTRONOMY
Slide 7
Tests and Quizzes 30% Class assignments (Homework/Notebook) 30%
Lab Reports/Notebook 25% Projects/Presentations 15% Total 100%
GRADING
Slide 8
This grade will be based on effort, use of class time,
attendance and behavior. Any missing assignments or poor attendance
(including tardies) will impact this grade. EMPLOYABILITY
Slide 9
Missed tests and quizzes (that arise from excused absences) can
only be made up before or after school in this room. Talk to me to
make other arrangements if your situation requires it! Students
must complete any, and all, make-up assignments/quizzes before the
end of the current unit or they will receive zeroes. All absent
work is due two days later for every day absent, but by the end of
the unit. ABSENT WORK
Slide 10
All work is due by the end of the school day of the assigned
due date. Must be completed by the next day after the due date for
credit. Other wise, it will receive a zero. LATE WORK
Slide 11
Cheating will not be tolerated. This includes copying homework.
See syllabus for school guidelines for Academic integrity. Be
professional in your workdo your best work at all times. ACADEMIC
INTEGRITY
Slide 12
Four hall passes per quarter Ask permission Sign out in hall
pass binder 5 minute limit No visiting vending machines! HALL
PASSES
Slide 13
What I expect from you The KR way To begin Class Each day: On
time In your seat when the bell rings, working on the DMA
independently Have necessary supplies and textbook CLASSROOM
EXPECTATIONS
Slide 14
During Class Dont talk when I am talking-common courtesy
Participate fully in all activities Try your hardest-do your best
work Allow others to do their best work-Respect Treat lab and
classroom supplies, etc. with respect Absolutely no cell phones or
eating! CLASSROOM EXPECTATIONS
Slide 15
Respect Understanding High Expectations WHAT YOU CAN EXPECT
FROM ME.
Slide 16
Composition Notebook These will be used for notes and
assignments Paper Calculator Writing utensils: Pen or Pencil
Highlighters SUPPLIES
Slide 17
Astronomy UNIT 1: ISLAND EARTH
Slide 18
Grab a DMA sheet and a book and turn to page 1 (the beginning
of Chapter 1) Read the 3 paragraphs on page 1 Look at the pictures
on pages 2-3. Answer on your DMA sheet: What do you think a Local
Group is? DMA #1 8/31/12
Slide 19
COSMIC POSTCARD PROJECT
Slide 20
OVERVIEW Goal: apply knowledge of cosmic structures (levels).
Role: Vacationer (to favorite spot on Earth) Audience: Friend or
family (not on vacation with you.) Strong Verb: Explain or describe
Product: Large-scale postcard
Slide 21
Read the section titled 1.1A Modern View of the Universe on
pages 4-5 for help & information. Your task: Think about where
you went OR the best thing you did this summer Where were you? Make
a postcard telling me where you were in the Universe FINISH THIS
TODAY! CH. 1:OUR PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE DETERMINE YOUR COSMIC
ADDRESS
Slide 22
Standards Standards: Graphic: one side Narrative/description of
your trip Emphasize the location and activities done on vacation
Describe the unique traits of Planet Earth Proper address using
cosmic neighborhood concept
Slide 23
DMA 9/04/12 GET OUT YOUR POSTCARD SO WE CAN FINISH THEM. I HAVE
A FEW SUGGESTIONS FOR YOU.GET OUT YOUR POSTCARD SO WE CAN FINISH
THEM. I HAVE A FEW SUGGESTIONS FOR YOU.
Slide 24
Narrative Description of Trip: Destination description: Place
names, geography are described Activities description: Specific and
variety of activities are described with clarity and well-chosen
adjectives. Unique Properties of Earth: Unique and varied aspects
of Earth are emphasized: Atmosphere: gases, winds, colors Geology:
rocky surface Life forms Water FINISHING YOUR POSTCARD
Slide 25
Now, time for a pre-test All you need is a pencil (no pens)
Clear your desk Reminder-test time is quiet time CHAPTER 1: OUR
PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE
Slide 26
COSMIC POSTCARD: GALLERY WALK Purpose: students will carefully
examine and evaluate the work of their peers.
Slide 27
GALLERY WALK PROCESS Please visit each students postcard You
will visit all postcards, however you will give written feedback to
only five students. Using the Post-it notes provided to you, write
at least one constructive suggestion for each student. In addition,
please write a specific praise for him or her.
Slide 28
SUMMARY In short, you will view all students work. Please
choose five students, write two comments per student, for a total
of ten comments. Lastly, select the student whose work is, in your
opinion, the best of the class. Write their name on a Post-it note
and drop it in the Comment Box.
Slide 29
Slide 30
DMA 9/5/12 WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE GALAXY WE LIVE IN? WHAT DO
WE CALL THE GALAXY CLUSTER WE LIVE IN?
Slide 31
Place your post card spread out around the room on the lab
counters Walk around and leave comments for 5 postcards. o 2
comments for each of the 5 you choose o Helpful advice o Positive
commenta compliment Submit comment post-its with your postcard
Submit post-it to vote for Best Card up front. COSMIC ADDRESS POST
CARD GALLERY WALK
Slide 32
DMA 9/6/12 NAME 3 THINGS WE HAVE ON OUR PLANET THAT WE DONT
FIND ON OTHER PLANETS.
Slide 33
Scale in the Universe by Bill Nye Scale in the Universe by Bill
Nye Draw a model of the solar system with a scale in inches (i.e. 3
inches = 1 AU) Draw the sun on one edge of your paper Draw orbits
(partial circles) the appropriate distances for the planets per the
scale. Place a filled circle on the appropriate orbit and label
with the name of the planet. Note: you may have to use several
sheets and stack them to fold out to show the whole system. Comment
upon the size of the Solar System and distances of the planets from
the sun. CHAPTER 1: OUR PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE
Slide 34
Planet Distance (from Sun)1A.U.=3in. Mercury57,910,000 km 0.387
A.U. Venus108,200,000 km 0.723 A.U. Earth149,600,000 km 1.000 A.U.
Mars227,940,000 km 1.524 A.U. Jupiter778,330,000 km 5.203 A.U.
Saturn1,424,600,000 km 9.523 A.U. Uranus2,873,550,000 km 19.208
A.U. Neptune4,501,000,000 km 30.087 A.U. Pluto*5,945,900,000 km
39.746 A.U. DISTANCES OF PLANETS FROM SUN
Slide 35
Comment upon the size of the Solar System and distances of the
planets from the sun. What do you notice about the difference
between the distances to the first 4 planets and the distances to
the last 4 planets? Video: The Solar System: A First Look THE SOLAR
SYSTEM
Slide 36
DMA 9/7/12 Get out a blank sheet of paper or your composition
notebook and copy down the following assignment: Assignment title:
Are we alone? Please respond to the following question: Are we (on
Earth) alone in the universe? Write your opinion and the reasons
you believe this to be true. Include the question and write at
least one paragraph (8 sentences). Use as many reasons, details,
facts, and opinions as you can find in support of your answer. Cite
a minimum 2 websites. We will be going to the library to research
the answer!
Slide 37
DMA 9/8/12 Is there life on another planet? What was the most
convincing argument you read that argued that, yes, there is life
out there?
Slide 38
Tomorrow: Guest lecturer Thursday: Go to the Museum of Flight
to hear about the Mars rover Curiosity for extra credit!! Starts at
7p.m. Saturday: Star party @ Snoqualmie Point park If you dont go
you will have an alternate assignment More details on that from our
Guest lecturer tomorrow ANNOUNCEMENTS
Slide 39
DMA 9/11/12 What is a constellat ion? (Grab your postcard from
the front counter!)
Slide 40
Objectives: Describe the suitability of Earth for study of
astronomy Explain how we use technology to determine the existence
of life on Earth and elsewhere Distant Mirror Read the article
quietly and individually for 15 minutes Answer the Discussion
Questions as a team of 3 Submit one team paper with all names
DISTANT MIRRORS
Slide 41
DMA 9/12/12 How did scientists prove that they could detect
life on other planets?
Slide 42
GO TO THE MUSEUM OF FLIGHT TO HEAR ABOUT THE MARS ROVER
CURIOSITY FOR EXTRA CREDIT!! STARTS AT 7P.M.
Slide 43
Star party @ Snoqualmie Point park 8-10 p.m. If you dont go you
will have an alternate assignment- this will take at least 1-2
hours. STAR PARTY
Slide 44
Objectives: Describe the suitability of Earth for study of
astronomy Explain how we use technology to determine the existence
of life on Earth and elsewhere Distant Mirror Finish answering the
Discussion Questions as a team of 3 Submit one team paper with all
names DISTANT MIRRORS
Slide 45
DMA 9/13/12 What signs of life can be detected from space?
Slide 46
Watch the video and take one page of notes At least 20 facts or
statements STARGAZING
Slide 47
DMA 9/14/12 Get your book and finish your notes on sections 1.1
and 1.2.
Slide 48
Modern View & Scale of the Universe Read Section 1.1 and
1.2 In your notebook: Take 2 pages of notes COSMIC PERSPECTIVE
Slide 49
Star party @ Snoqualmie Point park 8-10 p.m. Carpooling is
strongly recommended. Parking at the Snoqualmie Point Park is very
limited. If the loop parking is filled, visitors will need to park
outside the Park gate and walk in. STAR PARTY
Slide 50
TASK Please title todays assignment on a sheet of notebook
paper: o Name o Date o Period o Title: Privileged Planet film
Create a T-chart on your paper to form two columns. You can also
fold it down the middle.
Slide 51
DMA 9/17/12 When looking at the night sky, how can you find the
North Star?
Slide 52
THE PRIVILEGED PLANET: FILM HYPOTHESES Hypothesis #1 Earth
possesses the conditions that, until proven otherwise, allow for
intelligent life to exist only on Earth. Hypothesis #2 Earths
properties also make it strangely well- suited for viewing and
analyzing the universe; in other words the study of astronomy.
Slide 53
FILM TASK For each of the two stated hypothesis, please
identify, record, and describe the various observations and data
that are used to support them. List a minimum of 3 items per
hypothesis. Feel free to create a list of these items in each
column. These notes will be used as a basis for your post-film
reflection and Mondays class discussion.
Slide 54
PRIVILEGED PLANET: REFLECTION Based on your examination of the
evidence presented in the film, please determine a conclusion for
one hypothesis. In doing so, please include these elements:
Rephrase the hypothesis Indicate what the data say: Support
hypothesis Do not support (cant tell clearly one way or the other)
Contradict (reject) Identify at least two data that your conclusion
relies on.
Slide 55
Slide 56
DMA#1 9/18/12 NAME 4 THINGS THAT ALLOW EARTH TO SUPPORT
LIFE.
Slide 57
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE
DAY
Slide 58
The Earth travels through space at over 60,000 miles per hour!
How long does it take to go around the Sun once? One year, of
course!! How long does it take the Earth to rotate on its axis? 24
hours! SPACESHIP EARTH
Slide 59
The Earth is tilted on its axis by 23.5 o What causes the
seasons? As the Earth goes around the Sun, the Northern and
Southern hemispheres take turns being closer to the Sun. SPACESHIP
EARTH
Slide 60
Winter Solstice Fall Equinox Summer Solstice Spring
Equinox
Slide 61
We are not only traveling around the Sun, our entire solar
system is traveling around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. It
takes us 230 million years to make one rotation, which means Our
Solar system moves around the galaxy at about 600,000 miles per
hour! SPACESHIP EARTH
Slide 62
The Expanding Universe Edwin Hubble discovered 2 surprising
facts: 1. Virtually every galaxy outside the Local Group is moving
away from us 2. The more distant a galaxy is, the faster it appears
to be racing away from us. SPACESHIP EARTH
Slide 63
As our circumstances and technology have advance, so has our
understanding of how the universe works. Weve gone from thinking
the Earth was the center of the Universe, to knowing that we are
part of an infinite and expanding universe. THE ADVENTURE OF
ASTRONOMY
Slide 64
Finish Privileged Planet reflection. Finish your notes on
sections 1.1 and 1.2 Read The Big Picture on page 35. We will have
a quiz on Friday (we will review important concepts before then)
M57 we saw on Saturday! The Ring Nebula FOR THE REMAINDER OF
CLASS
Slide 65
DMA #2 9/19/12 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN EQUINOX AND A
SOLSTICE?
Slide 66
What element was the first to be created during the Big Bang?
DMA#3 9/20/12
Slide 67
1. THE SUN AND PLANETS FORMED FROM A SOLAR NEBULA. The most
successful model of the origin of the solar system is called the
Nebular (or Accretion) Hypothesis; some call it a theory. According
to this hypothesis, the solar system formed from a cloud of
interstellar material called the solar nebula This occurred 4.56
billion years ago (as determined by radioactive age- dating).
Slide 68
2. THIS NEBULA FLATTENED INTO A DISK. The solar nebula, by
mass, was 98% hydrogen and helium; formed shortly after the Big
Bang. The 2% heavier elements were produced much later as heavy
stars died. The nebula flattened into a disk in which all the
material orbited the center in the same direction, just as do the
present-day planets.
Slide 69
The heavier elements were in the form of ice and dust
particles.
Slide 70
The Sun formed by gravitational contraction of the center of
the nebula. Meaning, the center grew by gobbling up the smaller
bits of matter that surrounded it. After 100 million years,
temperatures at the protosuns center became high enough to ignite
nuclear reactions that convert hydrogen into helium (forming a true
star.)
Slide 71
Slide 72
Slide 73
3. THE PLANETS FORMED BY THE ACCRETION (GATHERING) OF
PLANETESIMALS (LITTLE PLANETS) AND THE ACCUMULATION OF GASES IN THE
SOLAR NEBULA.
Slide 74
Slide 75
IN CONCLUSION
Slide 76
Describe accretion. DMA#4 9/21/12
Slide 77
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html ASTRONOMY PICTURE OF THE
DAY
Slide 78
Explore Ch. 9 Answer questions in your composition books TO DO
TODAY
Slide 79
Why is it so difficult to study geology on other Planets? What
types of features are easiest to study? DMA#5 9/24/12
Slide 80
Name 2 differences between Jovian and Terrestrial planets.
DMA#6 9/25/12
Slide 81
What creates Jupiters magnetic field? DMA#7 9/26/12
Slide 82
The magnetic fields of terrestrial planets are produced by
metals such as iron in the liquid state The magnetic fields of the
Jovian planets are generated by metallic hydrogen Also hypothesized
is water with ionized molecules dissolved in it
Slide 83
Finish Extreme Planets Finish your vocabulary-the words can be
found in Chapter 8 on pages 198-211. TO DO TODAY
Slide 84
What is the difference in shape between the Kuiper belt and the
Oort cloud? DMA#8 9/27/12
Slide 85
Where is the asteroid belt located in our Solar System? DMA#2
10/3/12
Slide 86
Which planet is the hottest? Why? Reminders: Pay your $5 Turn
in permission slip a.s.a.p. DMA#3 10/5/12
Slide 87
How do the interiors of planets get hot? Reminders: Pay your $5
Turn in permission THIS WEEK! DMA#4 10/8/12
Slide 88
Mercury Made of: helium, sodium, oxygen No weather-theres not
enough atmosphere! PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES
Slide 89
Venus Made of: mostly Carbon dioxide (96%) and a little
Nitrogen (3.5%) Weather-slow winds with no big storms and lots of
acid rain from sulfuric acid clouds PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES
Slide 90
Earth Made of: mostly Nitrogen (77%) lots of Oxygen (21%),
argon, water vapor, and other trace elements Wind over the whole
planet-global wind patterns, storms, hurricanes Clouds made of
water vapor PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES
Slide 91
Mars Made of: mostly Carbon dioxide (95%), Nitrogen (2.7%) and
Argon (1.6%) Weather-some wind and dust storms, but there is very
little pressure and the atmosphere is very thin PLANETARY
ATMOSPHERES
Slide 92
Video from Discovery Streaming WEATHER ON MARS
Slide 93
What is an atmosphere? the layer of gases that surround a world
can be either molecules or atoms which create pressure-we feel the
pressure of 1 atm, on Venus we would feel the pressure of 90
atmospheres Where does the atmosphere end? Theres not a specific
ending place-it kind of fades away PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES
Slide 94
3 things that would determine how sunlight would heat a planet
with no atmosphere: 1. Distance from the Sun the closer it is, the
more energy from sunlight reaches the surface 2. How much sunlight
the planet absorbs vs. reflects 3. How fast the planet rotates if
it has a short day, the temperatures will be more even than if
there is a really long day ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE
Slide 95
How does an atmosphere keep a planet warm? Gases can absorb
infrared light and heat up Greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation
and this helps heat the lower atmosphere (where we live!) The
greenhouse gases are gases that are good at absorbing infrared
light: Water vapor Carbon dioxide Methane ATMOSPHERIC
STRUCTURE
Slide 96
Is the greenhouse effect a good thing or a bad thing?Explain.
Reminders: Pay your $5 Turn in permission THIS WEEK! DMA#5
10/9/12
Slide 97
Layers of the atmosphere ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE
Slide 98
7. How does the fact that our atmosphere scatters light benefit
us? What would it be like if our atmosphere didnt scatter light?
Without scattering we would be able to see the stars during the
daytime! Also, shadows would be pitch black, so walking down the
alley in a big city would be like night! ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE
Slide 99
Why is the sky blue? Light scattering makes the sky appear blue
Blue light is scattered while the red light goes straight through
the atmosphere ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE
Slide 100
Why do sunsets appear red? Sunlight passes through more
atmosphere to reach you-most of the blue light is scattered away
leaving the red behind. ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE
Slide 101
Describe how the greenhouse effect works and why it is
important to life on Earth. Light from the sun warms the atmosphere
and ground The greenhouse gases absorb heat, then re-emit it in all
directions This helps heat the surface and keeps the troposphere
warm Importance? Because it keeps us warm and regulates our
temperatures so we dont have very extreme temperature shifts
ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE
Slide 102
Why is the stratosphere called the stratosphere? There isnt any
convection, so the air isnt moving much and becomes layered-AKA
stratified Airplanes glide smoothly here because of the lack of air
movement. How does the ozone in the stratosphere benefit us? It
absorbs most of the Suns UV radiation, which is very damaging to us
ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE
Slide 103
Figure 10.9 a. Which one of the three planets shows the biggest
temperature increase due to the greenhouse effect? b. Which planet
has the most uniform temperature from high to low altitude? c. Is
the Earths temperature higher at and altitude of 25km or 50km?
ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE
Slide 104
Why is the magnetosphere so important to us? Solar wind =
charged particles from the Sun The magnetosphere will either divert
those particles or trap them in the Van Allen Belts 10.3
MAGNETOSPHERES AND THE SOLAR WIND
Slide 105
They can produce beautiful auroras in the North and South
poles-where the North and South poles of the magnetosphere come
close to the Earths surface
Slide 106
DMA 10/10/12 WHY IS THE SKY BLUE?
Slide 107
14. What is the difference between weather and climate? Weather
is the varying conditions and combinations of wind, clouds,
temperature, and pressure Can change with the seasons and
atmospheric conditions, can vary dramatically by the month, day or
even hour Climate is the long term average of all the weather in an
area and generally stays the same over long periods of time 10.4
WEATHER AND CLIMATE
Slide 108
15. Why doesnt Venus experience seasons? Because it isnt
tilted! Both hemispheres stay in the same location relative to the
Sun. 10.4 WEATHER AND CLIMATE
Slide 109
What are the 2 major factors affecting global wind patterns? 1.
Atmospheric heating: the air at the equator heats and expands, then
flows towards the poles and sinks, creating convection cells Lets
compare Earth and Venus 10.4 WEATHER AND CLIMATE
Slide 110
The circulation of the Venusian atmosphere is dominated by two
huge convection currents in the cloud layers, one in the northern
hemisphere and one in the southern hemisphere
Slide 111
What are the 2 major factors affecting global wind patterns? 2.
Planetary rotation: basically the rotation of the planet pushes the
air sideways-called the Coriolis effect 10.4 WEATHER AND
CLIMATE
Slide 112
How does the Coriolis effect change the shape and movement of
the circulation pattern of winds on Earth? Breaks up the convection
cells so there are 6 instead of 2 (3 per hemisphere) Causes air to
circulate counter clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and
clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere 10.4 WEATHER AND CLIMATE
Slide 113
Similarities: Sun warms the atmosphere at the equator and
creates convection cells Clouds are always present Clouds contain
water Rain forms and falls Differences: On Venus- Clouds contain
Sulfuric acid mixed with the water(both of these are replenished by
volcanic eruptions) Rain that falls evaporates long before it hits
the ground 10.4 WEATHER AND CLIMATE EARTH VS. VENUS: CLOUDS AND
PRECIPITATION
Slide 114
Mars Clouds can form- especially over its big volcano-Olympus
Mons Barely any water in the atmosphere, but there is some hidden
under the polar CO2 ice caps There may be more water under the
surface that helps form the geologic features of Mars 10.4 WEATHER
AND CLIMATE
Slide 115
How are atmospheres created? From 3 different processes
Outgassing- the outpouring of gases from the earth's interior
Evaporation/sublimation- surface liquids evaporate into the
atmosphere Bombardment-micrometeorites can create only a very thin
atmosphere, this is the main source of atmosphere for the Moon and
Mercury 10.5 ATMOSPHERIC ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION
Slide 116
20. What is outgassing? Why is it important? Its important
because it helps create and replenish atmospheres 21. What are some
ways an atmosphere can lose gas? Thermal escape-a molecule moves
fast enough to escape gravity Bombardment Atmospheric cratering
Condensation Chemical reactions 10.5 ATMOSPHERIC ORIGINS AND
EVOLUTION
Slide 117
What are the 3 things that determine if a gas can be lost by
thermal escape? 1. The planets escape velocity- the larger the
planet the stronger the gravity 2. Temperature-higher temperature
means faster movement 3. Mass-its easier for lighter particles to
move fast enough to escape 10.5 ATMOSPHERIC ORIGINS AND
EVOLUTION
Slide 118
23. The Moon and Mercury: what is their only source of new gas?
Bombardment from micrometeorites How do they lose gas particles?
Both are small so they have low gravitational pull and the
particles can move fast enough to escape Other times they are
stripped away by solar wind 10.6 HISTORY OF THE TERRESTRIAL
ATMOSPHERES
Slide 119
24. Mars: what stripped away the majority of its atmosphere?
its possible that Mars used to have a thick atmosphere from
volcanic outgassing As the planet cooled it lost its magnetosphere
the atmosphere was then stripped away by the solar wind 10.6
HISTORY OF THE TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERES
Slide 120
25. Venus: Why is it hotter than Mercury even though it is
further from the Sun? What is one piece of evidence that Venus may
have once had a lot of water vapor in its atmosphere? An unusually
high amount of deuterium-an isotope of hydrogen that can be left
behind when water molecules are broken apart by UV radiation. 10.6
HISTORY OF THE TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERES
Slide 121
DMA 10/11/12 WHAT IS THE CORIOLIS EFFECT?
Slide 122
The rotation of the planet pushes the air sideways (ocean
currents, too) THE CORIOLIS EFFECT
Slide 123
DMA 10/15/12 WHAT MYSTERY DID ASTRONAUTS SOLVE USING A BAGGIE
OF SUGAR?
Slide 124
Reflection-Answer in your notebooks What makes our atmosphere
so unique and suitable for life? Give at least 4 pieces of evidence
to support your claim. Include information on the atmospheres of at
least 2 other terrestrial planets in comparison with Earth.
TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERES
Slide 125
DMA 10/17/12 OF THE 4 TERRESTRIAL PLANETS, WHAT IS THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SIZE AND THICKNESS OF ATMOSPHERE?
Slide 126
DMA 10/18/12 HOW LONG AGO DID THE BIG BANG OCCUR?
Slide 127
DMA 10/19/12 WHY DID MATTER WIN THE BATTLE WITH
ANTIMATTER?
Slide 128
DMA 10/23/12 HOW CAN AN ATMOSPHERE LOSE GAS?
Slide 129
Thermal escape-a molecule moves fast enough to escape gravity
Bombardment Atmospheric cratering Condensation Chemical reactions
HOW CAN AN ATMOSPHERE LOSE GAS?
Slide 130
You should have turned in: Big Bang review Cosmic Neighborhood
review You need to finish: Unit 1 Review Questions: p. 222:1-4,
6,7,10, 11, 12 P. 284-5: #1,3,4,6,7,10,11,13,14,15 New Unit 1 Test
Review TO DO TODAY
Slide 131
Lunch-bring one or money to buy Dress for the weather-cold and
rainy REMINDERS
Slide 132
When we researched Are We Alone many of you decided that there
is life elsewhere in the Universe, then we watched Privileged
Planet and many of you said there is no life out there. Think about
the evidence you learned in both activities and now tell me what
you think. THINK, PAIR, SHARE
Slide 133
COMPARATIVE PLANETOLOGY: OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
Slide 134
THERE ARE TWO BROAD CATEGORIES OF PLANETS: EARTHLIKE
(TERRESTRIAL) AND JUPITERLIKE (JOVIAN) All of the planets orbit the
Sun in the same direction and in almost the same plane Most of the
planets have nearly circular orbits
Slide 135
DENSITY The average density of any substance depends in part on
its composition The terrestrial (Earth-like) planets are made of
rocky materials and have dense iron cores, which gives these
planets high average densities The Jovian (Jupiter-like) planets
are composed primarily of light elements such as hydrogen and
helium, which gives these planets low average densities
Slide 136
THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS The four innermost planets are called
terrestrial planets Relatively small (with diameters of 5000 to
13,000 km) High average densities (4000 to 5500 kg/m 3 ) Composed
primarily of rocky materials
Slide 137
JOVIAN PLANETS ARE THE OUTER PLANETS Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
and Neptune are Jovian planets Large diameters (50,000 to 143,000
km) Low average densities (700 to 1700 kg/m 3 ) Composed primarily
of hydrogen and helium.
Slide 138
SEVEN LARGEST SATELLITES ARE ALMOST AS BIG AS THE TERRESTRIAL
PLANETS Comparable in size to the planet Mercury The remaining
satellites of the solar system are much smaller
Slide 139
SPECTROSCOPY REVEALS THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE PLANETS
The spectrum of a planet or satellite with an atmosphere reveals
the atmospheres composition If there is no atmosphere, the spectrum
indicates the composition of the surface. The substances that make
up the planets can be classified as gases, ices, or rock, depending
on the temperatures and pressures at which they solidify The
terrestrial planets are composed primarily of rocky materials,
whereas the Jovian planets are composed largely of gas
Slide 140
PHASES AND PHASE DIAGRAM JOVIANS TERRESTRIALS
Slide 141
PLANET COMPOSITION Jupiter Mars Hydrogen and helium are
abundant on the Jovian planets, whereas the terrestrial planets are
composed mostly of heavier elements
Slide 142
ASTEROIDS (ROCKY) AND COMETS (ICY) ALSO ORBIT THE SUN Asteroids
are small, rocky objects Comets and Kuiper Belt Objects are made of
dirty ice All are remnants left over from the formation of the
planets The Kuiper belt extends far beyond the orbit of Pluto Pluto
can be thought of as the largest member of the Kuiper belt But its
still considered a planet by IAU agreement
Slide 143
CRATERING ON PLANETS AND SATELLITES Result of impacts from
interplanetary debris when an asteroid, comet, or meteoroid
collides with the surface of a terrestrial planet or satellite, the
result is an impact crater Geologic activity renews the surface and
erases craters extensive cratering means an old surface and little
or no geologic activity geologic activity is powered by internal
heat, and smaller worlds lose heat more rapidly, thus, as a general
rule, smaller terrestrial worlds are more extensively cratered
Slide 144
Largest Volcano in Solar System (Olumpus Mons)
Slide 145
Craters on the Moon
Slide 146
A PLANET WITH A MAGNETIC FIELD INDICATES AN INTERIOR IN MOTION
Planetary magnetic fields are produced by the motion of
electrically conducting substances inside the planet This mechanism
is called a dynamo If a planet has no magnetic field this would be
evidence that there is little such material in the planets interior
or that the substance is not in a state of motion
Slide 147
THE DIVERSITY OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM IS A RESULT OF ITS ORIGIN AND
EVOLUTION
Slide 148
The planets, satellites, comets, asteroids, and the Sun itself
formed from the same cloud of interstellar gas and dust The
composition of this cloud was shaped by cosmic processes, including
nuclear reactions that took place within stars that died long
before our solar system was formed Different planets formed in
different environments depending on their distance from the Sun and
these environmental variations gave rise to the planets and
satellites of our present-day solar system
Slide 149
Amid this vast and overwhelming space and in these boundless
solar archipelagoes, how small is our own sphere, and the earth,
what a grain of sand! Hippolyte Taine, The Ancient Regime, 1881.
When you're finally up at the moon looking back on earth, all those
differences and nationalistic traits are pretty well going to
blend, and you're going to get a concept that maybe this really is
one world and why the hell can't we learn to live together like
decent people. Frank Borman, Apollo 8, Newsweek, 23 December
1968.
Slide 150
To see the earth as it truly is, small and blue and beautiful
in that eternal silence where it floats, is to see ourselves a
riders on the earth together, brothers on that bright loveliness in
the eternal coldbrothers who know now they are truly brothers.
Archibald MacLeish, American poet, 'Riders on earth together,
Brothers in eternal cold,' front page of the New York Times,
Christmas Day, 25 December 1968 I think the one overwhelming
emotion that we had was when we saw the earth rising in the
distance over the lunar landscape.... It makes us realize that we
all do exist on one small globe. For from 230,000 miles away it
really is a small planet. Frank Borman, Apollo 8, press reports, 10
January 1969.
Slide 151
The view of the Earth from the Moon fascinated mea small disk,
240,000 miles away. It was hard to think that that little thing
held so many problems, so many frustrations. Raging nationalistic
interests, famines, wars, pestilence don't show from that distance.
Frank Borman, Apollo 8, 'A Science Fiction WorldAwesome Forlorn
Beauty,' Life magazine, 17 January 1969. [The Moon] was a sobering
sight, but it didn't have the impact on me, at least, as the view
of the Earth did. Frank Borman, Apollo 8, Interview for the PBS TV
show Nova, 1999.
Slide 152
We learned a lot about the Moon, but what we really learned was
about the Earth. The fact that just from the distance of the Moon
you can put your thumb up and you can hide the Earth behind your
thumb. Everything that you've ever known, your loved ones, your
business, the problems of the Earth itselfall behind your thumb.
And how insignificant we really all are, but then how fortunate we
are to have this body and to be able to enjoy loving here amongst
the beauty of the Earth itself. Jim Lovell, Apollo 8 & 13
astronaut, interview for the 2007 movie In the Shadow of the Moon
It suddenly struck me that that tiny pea, pretty and blue, was the
Earth. I put up my thumb and shut one eye, and my thumb blotted out
the planet Earth. I didn't feel like a giant. I felt very, very
small. Neil Armstrong
Slide 153
If somebody'd said before the flight, "Are you going to get
carried away looking at the earth from the moon?" I would have say,
"No, no way." But yet when I first looked back at the earth,
standing on the moon, I cried. Alan Shepard A Chinese tale tells of
some men sent to harm a young girl who, upon seeing her beauty,
become her protectors rather than her violators. That's how I felt
seeing the Earth for the first time. I could not help but love and
cherish her. Taylor Wang What was most significant about the lunar
voyage was not that man set foot on the Moon but that they set eye
on the earth. Norman Cousins, Cosmic Search magazine, volume 1,
number 1, January 1979.
Slide 154
As we got further and further away, it [the Earth] diminished
in size. Finally it shrank to the size of a marble, the most
beautiful you can imagine. That beautiful, warm, living object
looked so fragile, so delicate, that if you touched it with a
finger it would crumble and fall apart. Seeing this has to change a
man. James B. Irwin No one, it has been said, will ever look at the
Moon in the same way again. More significantly can one say that no
one will ever look at the earth in the same way. Man had to free
himself from earth to perceive both its diminutive place in a solar
system and its inestimable value as a life -fostering planet. As
earthmen, we may have taken another step into adulthood. We can see
our planet earth with detachment, with tenderness, with some shame
and pity, but at last also with love. Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Earth
Shine, 1969.
Slide 155
We were flying over America and suddenly I saw snow, the first
snow we ever saw from orbit. I have never visited America, but I
imagined that the arrival of autumn and winter is the same there as
in other places, and the process of getting ready for them is the
same. And then it struck me that we are all children of our Earth.
Aleksandr Aleksandrov As I looked down, I saw a large river
meandering slowly along for miles, passing from one country to
another without stopping. I also saw huge forests, extending along
several borders. And I watched the extent of one ocean touch the
shores of separate continents. Two words leaped to mind as I looked
down on all this: commonality and interdependence. We are one
world. John-David Bartoe
Slide 156
Viewed from the distance of the moon, the astonishing thing
about the earth, catching the breath, is that it is alive. The
photographs show the dry, pounded surface of the moon in the
foreground, dry as an old bone. Aloft, floating free beneath the
moist, gleaming, membrane of bright blue sky, is the rising earth,
the only exuberant thing in this part of the cosmos. Lewis Thomas,
The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher, 1974. For those
who have seen the Earth from space, and for the hundreds and
perhaps thousands more who will, the experience most certainly
changes your perspective. The things that we share in our world are
far more valuable than those which divide us. Donald Williams
http://www.spacequotations.com/earth.html
http://www.spacequotations.com/earth.html