Web 2.0: Social Software Foundations and Implications
Kevin R. GuidryIndiana University
Agenda
Part 1: Web 2.0
Part 2: Social Network Sites
Part 3: Technical Foundations and Examples
The Machine is Us/ing Us
Part 1: Web 2.0
Examples of Web 2.0
Exercise: For 2 minutes, silently list the best examples of Web 2.0 tools on a piece of scrap paper
Conceptions of Web 2.0
Source: Thomas Milne, http://flickr.com/photos/thomasmilne/275889463/
Conceptions of Web 2.0
Source: hlb, http://flickr.com/photos/hlb/153483394/
Conceptions of Web 2.0
Source: sensesmaybenumbed, http://flickr.com/photos/johannahobbs/452395359/
Properties of Web 2.0
Exercise: For 2 minutes, silently list the properties common to many of our identified Web 2.0 tools. Write each property on a separate Post-It note.
Properties of Web 2.0
Exercise: For 3 minutes, silently place the properties into meaningful groups. Do this in groups.
Properties of Web 2.0
Exercise: For 2 minutes, continue placing the properties into meaningful groups and label those groups. You may now talk.
Properties of Web 2.0Tim O’Reilly’s definition of Web 2.0:
“Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the internet as platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform. Chief among those rules is this: Build applications that harness network effects to get better the more people use them. (This is what I've elsewhere called ‘harnessing collective intelligence.’)”
O’Reilly, T. (2006, Dec 10). Web 2.0 compact definition: Trying again. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2006/12/web-20-compact-definition-tryi.html
Properties of Web 2.0
Other Tim O’Reilly rules of Web 2.0:1. The perpetual beta
O’Reilly, T. (2006, Dec 10). Web 2.0 compact definition: Trying again. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2006/12/web-20-compact-definition-tryi.html
Properties of Web 2.0
Other Tim O’Reilly rules of Web 2.0:2. Small pieces loosely joined
O’Reilly, T. (2006, Dec 10). Web 2.0 compact definition: Trying again. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2006/12/web-20-compact-definition-tryi.html
Properties of Web 2.0
Other Tim O’Reilly rules of Web 2.0:3. Software above the level of a single device
O’Reilly, T. (2006, Dec 10). Web 2.0 compact definition: Trying again. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2006/12/web-20-compact-definition-tryi.html
O’Reilly, T. (2006, Dec 10). Web 2.0 compact definition: Trying again. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2006/12/web-20-compact-definition-tryi.htmlImages: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Network_effect.png
Other Tim O’Reilly rules of Web 2.0:4. The law of conservation of attractive profits
Properties of Web 2.0
Properties of Web 2.0
Other Tim O’Reilly rules of Web 2.0:5. Data is the Intel Inside
O’Reilly, T. (2006, Dec 10). Web 2.0 compact definition: Trying again. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2006/12/web-20-compact-definition-tryi.html
Draw of Web 2.0
Fighting Disinhibition• You don’t know me
Suler, J. (2004). The Online Disinhibition Effect. Retrieved October 5, 2008, from http://www-usr.rider.edu/~suler/psycyber/disinhibit.html
Draw of Web 2.0
Fighting Disinhibition• You can’t see me
Suler, J. (2004). The Online Disinhibition Effect. Retrieved October 5, 2008, from http://www-usr.rider.edu/~suler/psycyber/disinhibit.html
Draw of Web 2.0
Fighting Disinhibition• See you later
Suler, J. (2004). The Online Disinhibition Effect. Retrieved October 5, 2008, from http://www-usr.rider.edu/~suler/psycyber/disinhibit.html
Draw of Web 2.0
Fighting Disinhibition• It’s all in my head
Suler, J. (2004). The Online Disinhibition Effect. Retrieved October 5, 2008, from http://www-usr.rider.edu/~suler/psycyber/disinhibit.html
Draw of Web 2.0
Fighting Disinhibition• It’s just a game
Suler, J. (2004). The Online Disinhibition Effect. Retrieved October 5, 2008, from http://www-usr.rider.edu/~suler/psycyber/disinhibit.html
Draw of Web 2.0
Fighting Disinhibition• We’re equals
Suler, J. (2004). The Online Disinhibition Effect. Retrieved October 5, 2008, from http://www-usr.rider.edu/~suler/psycyber/disinhibit.html
Part 2: Social Network Sites (SNSes)
Undergraduate Use of SNSes
ECAR (N=12,007)
Salaway, G., & Caruso, J. B. (with Nelson, M. R.). (2008). The ECAR study of undergraduate students and information technology, 2007. Retrieved October 12, 2008, from http://connect.educause.edu/Library/ECAR/TheECARStudyofUndergradua/45075
Undergraduate Use of SNSes
CIRP YFCY (N= 31,500)
Higher Education Research Institute. (2007). College freshmen and online social networking sites(HERI research brief). Retrieved October 12, 2008, from http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/heri/PDFs/pubs/briefs/brief-091107-SocialNetworking.pdf
Undergraduate Use of SNSes
2008 Profile of Today's College Student (N=12,790)
NASPA. (2008). Technology use (Results from 2008 Profile of Today’s College Student survey). Retrieved October 12, 2008, from http://www.naspa.org/2008%20technology%20use.pdf
SNS Definition
Exercise: For 2 minutes, silently list the best examples of social network sites on a piece of scrap paper
SNS Definition
Exercise: For 3 minutes, collaborate with your group to identify common characteristics of the SNSes we just identified
SNS Definition
Web-based services that allow individuals to:1.Construct a public or semi-public profile
within a bounded system2.Articulate a list of other users with whom they
share a connection3.View and traverse their list of connections and
those made by others within the system.
boyd, d. m., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social Network Sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1). Retrieved October 5, 2008, from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/boyd.ellison.html
Properties of SNSes
Properties of SNSes
• Persistence• Searchability• Replicability• Invisible audiences
boyd, d. (2007). Why youth social network sites: The role of networked publics in teenage ♥
social life. In Youth, Identity, and Digital Media (D. Buckingham, ed.). Retrieved October 5, 2008, from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/toc/dmal/-/6
Why Youths Use SNSes
Why Youths Use SNSes
Friendship and Relationships
Source: carf, http://flickr.com/photos/beija-flor/25095929/
Friendship and Relationships
Sources: the other Martin Taylor, http://flickr.com/photos/martintaylor/409644464/Hamed Saber, http://flickr.com/photos/hamed/363297882/ B Tal, http://flickr.com/photos/b-tal/2602028012/
What Undergrads Do With SNSes
“The highest area for use on Facebook is staying connected to high school friends. One would expect more people using Facebook to connect to college peers; however a very small percentage (21.1%) are using it for this purpose.”
Vanden Boogart, M. R. (2006). Uncovering the social impacts of Facebook on a college campus. Unpublished Master of Science Thesis, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.
What Undergrads Do On Facebook
Bumgarner, B. A. (2007). You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults. First Monday, 12(11).Photo: carf, http://flickr.com/photos/beija-flor/25095929/
What Undergrads Do On Facebook
Bumgarner, B. A. (2007). You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults. First Monday, 12(11).Photo: Jill, http://flickr.com/photos/lij/122525716/
What Undergrads Do On Facebook
Bumgarner, B. A. (2007). You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults. First Monday, 12(11).Photo: ASurroca, http://flickr.com/photos/asurroca/51024419/
What Undergrads Do On Facebook
Bumgarner, B. A. (2007). You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults. First Monday, 12(11).Photo: Darwin Bell, http://flickr.com/photos/darwinbell/522032651/
What Undergrads Do On Facebook
Bumgarner, B. A. (2007). You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults. First Monday, 12(11).Photo: vidrio, http://flickr.com/photos/thatrileygirl/12657073/
What Undergrads Do On Facebook
Bumgarner, B. A. (2007). You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults. First Monday, 12(11).
Why Undergrads Do On Facebook
Bumgarner, B. A. (2007). You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults. First Monday, 12(11).Photo: dan taylor, http://flickr.com/photos/dantaylor/2044337954/
Why Undergrads Do On Facebook
Bumgarner, B. A. (2007). You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults. First Monday, 12(11).Photo: mjecker, http://flickr.com/photos/mjecker/247922018/
Why Undergrads Do On Facebook
Bumgarner, B. A. (2007). You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults. First Monday, 12(11).Photo: mjasonprickett, http://flickr.com/photos/mjasonprickett/83624085/
Why Undergrads Do On Facebook
Bumgarner, B. A. (2007). You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults. First Monday, 12(11).Photo: donjuanna, http://flickr.com/photos/donjuanna/1345795150/
Why Undergrads Do On Facebook
Bumgarner, B. A. (2007). You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults. First Monday, 12(11).Photo: labnol, http://flickr.com/photos/amit-agarwal/798831806/
Why Undergrads Do On Facebook
Bumgarner, B. A. (2007). You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults. First Monday, 12(11).Photo: stop.down, http://flickr.com/photos/stopdown/1766847225/
Why Undergrads Do On Facebook
Bumgarner, B. A. (2007). You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults. First Monday, 12(11).Photo: Lizzie engeance, http://flickr.com/photos/lizzievengeance/2240219099/
Is Anyone Not Using SNSes?
“Neither gender, ethnicity, nor income appeared to relate to propensity to join Facebook. Older students, and those who have been at school longer are significantly less likely to be on Facebook, probably reflecting an effect of the recency which with the MSU Facebook community began.”
Ellison, N., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2006). Spatially bounded online social networks and social capital: The role of Facebook. Dresden, Germany: Annual Conference of the International Communication Association.
Is Anyone Not Using SNSes?
SES matters
Hargittai, E. (2007). Whose space? Differences among users and non-users of social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1). Retrieved October 5, 2008, from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/hargittai.html
Part 3: Technical Foundation and Examples
Technical Foundation of Web 2.0
Tim O’Reilly rules of Web 2.0:1. The perpetual beta
O’Reilly, T. (2006, Dec 10). Web 2.0 compact definition: Trying again. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2006/12/web-20-compact-definition-tryi.html
Technical Foundation of Web 2.0
Other Tim O’Reilly rules of Web 2.0:2. Small pieces loosely joined
O’Reilly, T. (2006, Dec 10). Web 2.0 compact definition: Trying again. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2006/12/web-20-compact-definition-tryi.html
Technical Foundation of Web 2.0
Other Tim O’Reilly rules of Web 2.0:3. Software above the level of a single device
O’Reilly, T. (2006, Dec 10). Web 2.0 compact definition: Trying again. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2006/12/web-20-compact-definition-tryi.html
Technical Foundation of Web 2.0
Other Tim O’Reilly rules of Web 2.0:4. The law of conservation of attractive profits
O’Reilly, T. (2006, Dec 10). Web 2.0 compact definition: Trying again. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2006/12/web-20-compact-definition-tryi.html
Technical Foundation of Web 2.0
Other Tim O’Reilly rules of Web 2.0:5. Data is the Intel Inside
O’Reilly, T. (2006, Dec 10). Web 2.0 compact definition: Trying again. Retrieved October 8, 2008, from http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2006/12/web-20-compact-definition-tryi.html
Technical Foundation of Web 2.0
Source: CraftyGoat, http://flickr.com/photos/craftygoat/2758072270/
Implementation of Web 2.0
Source: http://aaweb.gallaudet.edu/Bobs_Vlog/2008-09-23_Gallaudets_Future.html
Implementation of Web 2.0
Source: http://wiki.case.edu/Main_Page
Implementation of Web 2.0
Source: http://oregonstate.edu/webprojects/wiki/osu/index.php/OSU_Computer_Helpdesk
Implementation of Web 2.0
Source: http://resnetsymposium.org/wiki/index.php/ResNet_Testimonials
Implementation of Web 2.0
Source: http://connect.educause.edu/
Implementation of Web 2.0
Source: http://www.netvibes.com/wesch#Digital_Ethnography
Implementation of Web 2.0
Your examples?
Summary
Summary
Let’s watch “The Machine is Us/ing Us” again, this time with a critical eye…
Summary
• No agreement on Web 2.0 or social software• Many powerful uses closely tied to
fundamental human actions• Glue is good
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