OutlinesOutlines
OverviewOverview Wearable vs. UbiquitousWearable vs. Ubiquitous MotivationMotivation I/O Interface, Communication, Power, HeatI/O Interface, Communication, Power, Heat ApplicationsApplications
DefinitionsDefinitions Current State of the IndustryCurrent State of the Industry Trends and LimitationsTrends and Limitations ResourcesResources
Wearable vs. UbiquitousWearable vs. Ubiquitous
Wearable computing: Wearable computing: Computers/sensors on Computers/sensors on peoplepeople
Ubiquitous computingUbiquitous computing Computer/sensors embedded in the Computer/sensors embedded in the
environmentenvironment ComplimentaryComplimentary
Complimentary DualityComplimentary Duality
Wearable: Know more about Wearable: Know more about personspersons privacy, authentication, and security personalized information
Ubiquitous: Know more about Ubiquitous: Know more about environmentenvironment local environment information local environment control resource management
MotivationMotivation
Why do we want/need wearable computers?Why do we want/need wearable computers? To communicateTo communicate
to know to know things you CARE aboutthings you CARE about whenever you can whenever you can To organize/rememberTo organize/remember
to get a hold of the to get a hold of the reality for the BUSYreality for the BUSY people people To get information that we don’t know here nowTo get information that we don’t know here now
I don’t know it but I can get it I don’t know it but I can get it right NOW right right NOW right HEREHERE
As a life style or fashion statementAs a life style or fashion statement I’m I’m coolcool because I’m technologically up-to-datebecause I’m technologically up-to-date
MotivationMotivation
What do we want from a wearable What do we want from a wearable computer?computer? Physical/Hardware FeaturesPhysical/Hardware Features Application/Software FeaturesApplication/Software Features
Hardware FeaturesHardware Features
light-weight (small)light-weight (small) durabledurable comfortablecomfortable long battery lifetimelong battery lifetime easy to useeasy to use affordableaffordable cool (invisible, hidden, disappearing)cool (invisible, hidden, disappearing)
Application FeaturesApplication Features
person-to-person person-to-person communicationcommunication personal organization/personal organization/remembranceremembrance
aidaid contextcontext awareness awareness effortlesseffortless usage usage
natural, intuitivenatural, intuitive
VisualVisual
InputInput computer visioncomputer vision
OutputOutput overlaying thingsoverlaying things
Example: Eyeglass Example: Eyeglass DisplayDisplay
Human factors studiesHuman factors studies health and safetyhealth and safety social acceptancesocial acceptance
Concentrating on bi-Concentrating on bi-ocular displaysocular displays for viewing 2D text and for viewing 2D text and
imagesimages
AudioAudio
InputInput speech recognitionspeech recognition background noise separationbackground noise separation speaker identity (voice fingerprint)speaker identity (voice fingerprint)
OutputOutput speech synthesisspeech synthesis
Speech InteractionSpeech Interaction
Speech-driven user Speech-driven user interfacesinterfaces
large vocabulary large vocabulary recognition (Cambridge recognition (Cambridge University)University)
dialog for interfaces (MIT)dialog for interfaces (MIT)
Speech as data Speech as data efficient codingefficient coding word spottingword spotting
Communication Communication RequirementRequirement
SecuritySecurity short range -> low probability of short range -> low probability of
leakingleaking EnergyEnergy
low frequency -> low powerlow frequency -> low power
Far-field vs. Near-field Far-field vs. Near-field CommunicationCommunication
examplesexamples radio vs. bluetooth (kind of)radio vs. bluetooth (kind of)
signal strengthsignal strength 1/d1/d2 2 vs. 1/dvs. 1/d33
carrier requirement for devices size carrier requirement for devices size of a watch or credit cardof a watch or credit card gigahertz vs. 0.1 to 1 megahertzgigahertz vs. 0.1 to 1 megahertz
Local Communication Local Communication ExamplesExamples
Transfer data between:Transfer data between: wearable and handheldwearable and handheld wearable and desktopwearable and desktop wearable and environmentwearable and environment
Power RequirementPower Requirement
The traditional bigger ones: 5 WThe traditional bigger ones: 5 W head mount display, 2GB hard disk, 133 head mount display, 2GB hard disk, 133
MHz Pentium, 20 MB RAMMHz Pentium, 20 MB RAM The improved smaller ones: 0.7 WThe improved smaller ones: 0.7 W
MicroOpticMicroOpticTMTM eye-glass display, Flash eye-glass display, Flash memory (.5 GB), StrongArm memory (.5 GB), StrongArm microprocessor (.3 W at 115 MIPs)microprocessor (.3 W at 115 MIPs)
without communicationwithout communication Must come with the person Must come with the person
wearing the deviceswearing the devices
Heat DispensingHeat Dispensing
requirementrequirement -15 -15 intolerably coldintolerably cold 15 - 34 15 - 34 OKOK 34 - 39 34 - 39 hothot 39 - 43 39 - 43 pain pain 43 - 43 - tissue damagetissue damage
Wearable Computer Wearable Computer DefinitionsDefinitions
Simple DefinitionSimple Definition Packet or clothing based computingPacket or clothing based computing Peripheral s distributed around the Peripheral s distributed around the
sensors and actuators of the body, sensors and actuators of the body, connected wirelesslyconnected wirelessly
Runs entire dayRuns entire day
Wearable Computer Wearable Computer DefinitionsDefinitions
Formal DefinitionsFormal Definitions Rhodes (1997) Rhodes (1997)
Portable while operationalPortable while operational Enable hands-free or hand-limited useEnable hands-free or hand-limited use Capable of getting user’s attentionCapable of getting user’s attention Always “on”Always “on” Sense the user’s context in order to serve him betterSense the user’s context in order to serve him better
Starner (1999)Starner (1999) Persists and provides constant accessPersists and provides constant access Senses and models contextSenses and models context Augments and mediatesAugments and mediates Interacts seamlesslyInteracts seamlessly
Human-Computer Human-Computer EvolutionEvolution
Mainframe->mini->PC->wearableMainframe->mini->PC->wearable Initially lose on featuresInitially lose on features
Less CPU capacityLess CPU capacity Lower bus speedLower bus speed Less disk storageLess disk storage
BUT Gain on interfaceBUT Gain on interface PersonalizationPersonalization InteractivityInteractivity (Starner PhD 1999)(Starner PhD 1999)
Application AreasApplication Areas
Warehouse pickingWarehouse picking InspectionInspection MaintenanceMaintenance RepairRepair SecuritySecurity Military (Land Warrior)Military (Land Warrior)
TrendsTrends
Computation in the wildComputation in the wild Working in hostile or uncontrolled environmentWorking in hostile or uncontrolled environment Continuous monitoringContinuous monitoring
Trends Trends
Personal Server ( at Intel )Personal Server ( at Intel ) Always with youAlways with you Uses outside interfacesUses outside interfaces Represents you to ubiquitous computing worldRepresents you to ubiquitous computing world
TrendsTrends
Interactive lifestyleInteractive lifestyle Seamless integration into everyday lifeSeamless integration into everyday life Augment the senses and the mindAugment the senses and the mind See as you see, hear as you hearSee as you see, hear as you hear
Challenges for the Challenges for the Wearable PCWearable PC
Seamless connectionSeamless connection across different across different
kinds of networkkinds of network Occasional connectionOccasional connection
in and out of rangein and out of range Local communicationLocal communication
ad-hoc peripheralsad-hoc peripherals
Modes of interactionModes of interaction visual and vocalvisual and vocal
Health and safetyHealth and safety strain on the sensesstrain on the senses
UnobtrusiveUnobtrusive socially acceptablesocially acceptable
ConnectivityUsability
Situatedness
AwarenessAwareness capturing contextcapturing context
InterpretationInterpretation use of context datause of context data
AugmentationAugmentation personal assistantpersonal assistant
Technical
Social
ResourcesResources
Charmed Technologies (Charmed Technologies (www.charmed.comwww.charmed.com ) )
IEEE Wearable Information Systems IEEE Wearable Information Systems Technical CommitteeTechnical Committee
www.cc.gatech.edu/~thadwww.cc.gatech.edu/~thad www.bradleyrhodes.comwww.bradleyrhodes.com www.zary.comwww.zary.com
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