Warm Up

• Watch the clips from Mona Lisa Smile, as you watch think about: –What has changed today?–What has stayed the same?

Objectives

• Content: Predict why women would not be paid the same amount as men.

• Learning: List two focus areas for Women’s Rights organizations after 1920.

The Women's Movement

Changing Role of Women

• Since the 1970’s, an increase of women in the workforce, politics, and media has changed the role of women in society.

–Increases in:»Education level »Income»Leadership positions»Elected government positions

Common Workplace Disadvantages

• Discrimination against women in hiring practices

• Lower wages for women than for men doing the same job

Women’s Movement Legislation

• Title IX (Title Nine) –Passed in 1972–Schools and colleges must give women

equal academic and athletic opportunities if the school receives federal financial assistance.

–Results in increased opportunities for women

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vonn-lindsey_08-03-08_-_008.jpg

ERA (Equal Rights Amendment)

• Men and women shall have equal rights under the law.

• The amendment failed to pass, but brought attention to equal employment opportunities for women.– Why did many women not want this amendment to pass?

• Discussion about the amendment has also helped women to gain better pay, better working conditions and advancement opportunities.

http://youtu.be/NXPLirJRGDQ

National Organization for Women (NOW)

• Largest women’s rights organization in the country

• Began in 1966 to fight for passage of the ERA

• Today focuses heavily on fighting against all forms of oppression worldwide– Economic– Personal

Objectives

• Content: Hypothesize how to change unfair situations.

• Learning: Explain the problems and solutions to Jim Crow effects.

Civil Rights Movement and Its Origins

After World War II

• President Truman signed Executive Order 9981 in 1948– It abolished racial discrimination in the

military – It eventually desegregated the military– Encouraged African Americans’ aspirations

(hopes) for equal opportunities

Civil Rights Movement (1954 – 1968)

• Fought for equal opportunities in jobs, housing, and education for African Americans.

• Also, the Civil Rights Movement fought against segregation

• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)• Expands and becomes leading

organization fighting for African American civil rights.

3 Major Effects of Jim Crow

1. Separate educational facilities and resources for White and African American students2. Separate public facilities3. Social isolation of races

1. “Separate But Equal”

• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)– Supreme Court case upholds that “separate but

equal” is OK– No one has to prove equality– Justification for Jim Crow laws

Solution: Separate and UNequal• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

– Overturns Plessy court case– “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." – Paves the way for school integration and the Civil

Rights Movement – Only desegregates schools. Other court cases

follow that desegregate other public places (ex: 1956 buses).

2. Separate Public Facilities

• Buses• Restaurants• Restrooms• Water Fountains

Rosa Parks• December 1, 1955• Refused to give up her seat on a bus to a

white man and was arrested

• Park’s arrest led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott where African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama boycotted the buses for a little over 1 year

• This ultimately led to a Supreme Court decision which desegregated all forms of public transportation (December 1956)

Solution: Desegregation of Public Facilities

3. Social Isolation of Races

• The Little Rock 9– Nine African American students tried to integrate

Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas– On September 4, 1957, a white mob and the

Arkansas National Guard prevented the students from entering

– After a court order police escorted the students in on September 23 but they were still socially separated from the other students.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VT9VRXwahz8&feature=related

Solution: Tolerance

• Breaking social barriers takes time and requires effort on both sides

http://youtu.be/hEJaz3sinEs

Objectives

• Content: Name forms of non-violent protest.

• Learning: Explain your position on standing up for a cause.

Non-Violent Tools of The Civil Rights Movement

• Organized protests–Sit-ins –Marches–Freedom Ridershttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/freedomriders/watch

The Risks

• A large part of the Civil Rights Movement was about non-violent protest….however the protesters faced many dangerous risks!– Protesters were:

»Arrested»Assaulted»Threatened»Possibly murdered

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

• He was highly involved in the bus boycott and the NAACP

• Became a leader in the Civil Rights Movement

• Delivered the famous “I Have a Dream” speech

• Advocated passive resistance and non-violent protest as a way to end segregation https://youtu.be/lOig2v7ZfcA

Martin Luther King Jr. James Earl RayKilled April 4, 1968 The Assassin

Challenges to Non-Violence

• Not everyone agreed with using non-violence

• Many individuals thought that they had waited too long and been through too much

Challenges to Non-Violence

• Malcolm X– Vibrant public speaker focusing on black pride– African Americans should get rid of racism “by

any means necessary” (including violence)– Assassinated after he left the Nation of Islam

and started considering other options

Challenges to Non-Violence

• Black Panther Party– Preached in “revolutionary

war” (violence) to get what people have been denied for so long

– 4 goals: equality in education, housing, employment and civil rights (goals are not just for African Americans)

Which economic system does this sound like? Capitalism or Communism? Why?

1) "Freedom; the power to determine the destiny of the Black and oppressed communities.2) Full Employment; give every person employment or guaranteed income.3) End to robbery of Black communities; the overdue debt of forty acres and two mules as promised to ex-slaves during the reconstruction period following the emancipation of slavery.4) Decent housing fit for the shelter of human beings; the land should be made into cooperatives so that the people can build.5) Education for the people; that teaches the true history of Blacks and their role in present day society.6) Free health care; health facilities which will develop preventive medical programs.7) End to police brutality and murder of Black people and other people of color and    oppressed people.8) End to all wars of aggression; the various conflicts which exist stem directly from the United States ruling circle.9) Freedom for all political prisoners; trials by juries that represent our peers.10) Land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice, peace and community control of modern industry."

The Civil Rights Movement Success

• Resulted in laws that ensured constitutional rights to all citizens regardless of race

1. Civil Rights Act of 1964» Outlawed racial discrimination

against men and women and made all forms of segregation illegal

2. Voting Rights Act of 1965» Outlawed discriminatory voting

practices (no more literacy tests)

The Civil Rights Movement

• Civil Rights legislation led to increased educational, economic, and political opportunities for women and minorities.