Warm-up Josie wants to find out if beeswax candles burn faster
than regular candles. What is the independent variable? The
dependent variable? Max wants to test the speed of a motor with a 9
volt battery and a 24 volt battery. What is the independent
variable? The dependent variable?
Slide 2
Heat (SOL 7) Chapter 2, pages 50-56 (change of state) and
Chapter 4 (kinetic theory of matter, temperature scales, thermal
expansion, energy flow, convection, conduction, radiation)
Slide 3
HEAT!! And change of state The speed at which atoms move is
called? Kinetic Energy!
Slide 4
If the pressure stays the same, Everything expands when heated
and shrinks (contracts) when cooled Except... Water!!! Water
expands when it cools!!!!
Slide 5
Kinetic Theory of Matter Matter is made up of particles which
are in continual random motion.
Slide 6
hot liquid cold liquid
Slide 7
Temperature Temperature is the Measurement of how fast
molecules are moving.
Slide 8
Celsius the SI unit for temperature 0 is freezing point of
water (at sea level) 100 is boiling point of water (at sea level)
Do I have to know this? YES!!!
Slide 9
Farenheit Freezing is 32 degrees Boiling is 212 degrees. Do I
have to know this? NO!!!
Slide 10
Kelvin Freezing point is 273 Boiling point is 373 Why these
crazy numbers? Because in the Kelvin scale 0 = absolute zero. The
temperature at which all matter turns solid. (freezes) and motion
stops. Do I have to memorize these numbers? NO!!!!
Slide 11
Slide 12
.
Slide 13
Temperature Game
Slide 14
How does a thermometer work? When something becomes hot, its
molecules move faster and take up more space. (It expands). When
the liquid in a thermometer gets hot it expands and moves up!
Slide 15
How it works
Slide 16
Moving atoms move atoms The transfer of this motion of
atoms/molecules is called HEAT. This energy flows from where it is
HOT to where it is NOT. Even cold things have heat energy! What is
an example of heat going from where its hot to where its not? ice
heat
Slide 17
How do hats and gloves work?
Slide 18
Matter Can Exist in Different States: ENERGY, Pressure &
Volume
Slide 19
Properties of Water Water coheres, which means water molecules
are atrracted to each other. Why? Because one end of a water
molecule has a positive charge And the other end has a negative
charge so there is magnetic attraction.
Slide 20
Coheres sticks to itself Causing Surface Tension
Slide 21
THATS A FACT ---- Water is the only substance that can be found
as a solid, liquid and gas at normal surface temperatures on
Earth.
Slide 22
Change of State When a substance changes state (solid, liquid,
gas) its identity does not change and the process can be reversed.
All three of these Pictures are of iron in different States.
Slide 23
Warm-up 1.What holds more heat a glass of water or a lake (if
they are at the same temperature) 2.What is the name for the
process by which a liquid becomes a solid? 3.What is the SI unit of
measurement for temperature? 4.In the heating curve on the right,
what is the boiling point temperature? 5.What letter is the melting
point? 6.What letter represents a gas? 7.What is the freezing
point? 8.What is the condensation point? 9.What is the difference
between Conduction and convection? 10. What is absolute zero?
Slide 24
Change of State: Heating matter ADD ENERGY (heating) and atoms
can speed up enough to change state: Melting solid changes to
liquid. The temperature at which this happens is the melting
point.
Slide 25
Slide 26
Why doesnt wood melt? Heat of combustion is lower than the
melting point. (Combustion is the temperature at which something
burns). Some things burn before they melt
Slide 27
Vaporization a liquid is heated and turns to a gas
Slide 28
Two kinds of vaporization: 1. Evaporation occurs only at the
surface of a liquid.
Slide 29
2. Boiling is vaporization that occurs throughout a liquid.
**Boiling point is the temperature at which boiling begins.
Slide 30
Slide 31
MatterMatter Brainpop-States of MatterBrainpop-States of
Matter
Slide 32
Sublimation solid turns to a gas (no liquid phase)
Slide 33
Change of State (Cooling) REMOVE ENERGY (cooling) and atoms
move slower, this can cause a change of state Condensation a gas
becomes a liquid. Freezing A liquid becomes a solid.
Slide 34
Cooling Curve
Slide 35
Heating and Cooling curves on the same graph
Slide 36
Slide 37
What Determines the State of Matter? Energy of the Atoms
(measured as Temperature) Energy Pressure on the Atoms Pressure
Volume The amount of space the atoms are given.
Slide 38
Thermal Expansion When an object is heated, its atoms move
faster and take up more space so the size of the object expands
Water is the exception. It gets smaller when heated and larger when
frozen
Slide 39
Asphalt
Slide 40
Warm-up What do you think holds more heat? Which would be
easier to increase or decrease the heat of? Why? Which of these
heats up Faster? Why Rubber tire Copper Cube
Slide 41
Heat... 1.Large substances hold more heat than smaller
substances and its more difficult to change their heat. 2.Specific
heat The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required
to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. What substances do
you think have a high specific heat? A low specific heat?heat per
unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree
Celsius.
Slide 42
Atom Motion is Transferred Classzone - Conduction, Convection,
Radiation Classzone ConductionRadiation
Slide 43
Slide 44
Slide 45
Slide 46
Convection Currents Heat moves from where its hot to where its
not Because hot fluids and gases are LESS dense than cold fluids
and gases, they rise. Cold sinks Hot rises
Slide 47
Convection Currents
Slide 48
Earths Energy Budget 50% absorbed by earths surface 19%
absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds 20% reflected by the clouds
4% reflected by the earths surface 6% reflected by the
atomosphere