PARTICIPANTS
Acharya, S. Arunan Balakrishnan, Rohini Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
Bijlani, V. Bij lani (Mr.) Department of Anatomy All India Institute of
Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029 India.
Blest, A. David Developmental Neurobiology Group Research School of Biological
Sciences The Australian National University P.O.Box 475 Canberra City, A.C.T. 2601 Australia.
Borst, Alexander W. Max-Planck-Institut fUr
Biologische Kybernetik Spemannstrasse 38 D-7400 Tubingen 1 West Germany (F.R.G.).
Bult, R. Laboratorium voor Algemene
Natuurkunde Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Wester:singel 34 9718 CM Groningen The Netherlands.
Carlson, John Department of Biology Kline Biology Tower Yale University P.O.Box 6666 New Haven CT 06511-8112 U.S.A.
Chauhan, H.G. Homi Bhabha Auditorium Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bombay-5, India.
Chopra, Maninder S. Centre for Cellular and Molecular
Biology Hyderabad-500 007.
Datta, Sumana Department of Biology Kline Biology Tower Yale University P.O.Box 6666 New Haven CT 06511-8112 U.S.A.
Deshpande, Seema Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bombay-5, India.
Elepfandt, Andreas Faculty of Biology University of Konstanz D-7750 Konstanz West Germany (F.R.G.).
Fernandes, Joyce Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bombay-5, India.
Fischbach, K.-F. Institut fur Biologie III Schanzlestrasse 1 D-7800 Freiburg im Breisgau West Germany (F.R.G.).
Gayatri, Archana Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bombay-5, India.
Geethabali Department of Zoology Bangalore University Bangalore-560 056, India.
603
Gopina th, G. Gopina th (Mr.) Department of Anatomy All India Institute of
Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029 India.
Gopinathan, Asha Department of Neurobiology SUNY, Stonybro3k N.Y.11794-52.30 U.S.A.
Gotz, Karl G. Max-Planck-Institut fur biologische
Kybernetik, Spemannstrasse .38 D-7400 Tubingen West Germany (F.R.G.).
Gupta, Anil Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
Hardie, R.C. Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 .3EJ U.K.
Hausen, Klaus Hausen, Marguerite Zoologisches Institut der
Universitat Koln 5000 Koln 41 West Germany (F.R.G.).
Hendrickson, Anita E. Department of Biostructure &
Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 U.S.A.
Hensler, Klaus Zoologisches Institut der Universitat Basel Rheinsprung 9 CH-4051 Basel Switzerland.
Horridge, G. Adrian Centre for Visual Sciences Research School of Biological
Sciences The Australian National
University P.O.Box 475, Canberra City, ACT 2601 Australia.
604
Jarvilehto, H. Department of Zoology & Department of Physiology University of Oulu Linnanmaa SF-90570 Oulu Finland.
Jallon, J'.M. Laboratoire de Biologie et
Genetique Evolutives du CNRS F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France.
Joshi, Swati Kakeri M.M. Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
Kankel, Douglas R. Department of Biology Kline Biology Tower Yale University P.O.Box 6666 New Hacen CT 06511-8112 U.S.A.
Kasaiah, A. Department of Zoology Sri Venkateswara University
Post Graduate Centre Kavali-524 202 District Nellore, India.
Kenkare, U.W. National Tissue Culture Facility Zoology Department Poona University Pune, India.
Kokila, S.K. Department of Zoology Bangalore University Bangalore-560 056, India.
Krishna Prasadan, T.N. Department of Biosciences Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar .388 120 Gujarat, India.
Kucheria, K. Department of Anatomy All India Institute of
Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029 India.
Lobo, Cheryl Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
McKay, R. Departments of Biology & Brain
and Cognitive Sciences E 25-435 Massachusetts Institute
of Technology (MIT) Cambridge MA 02139, U.S.A.
Mehra, Raj D. Department of Anatomy All India Institute of
Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029 India.
Mistri, Rashid Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
Mizunami, Makoto Department of Biology Faculty of Science 33 Kuushu University Fukuoka 812 Japan.
Nassel, Dick R. Department of Zoology University of Stockholm Svante Arrhenius v. 14-16 s-106 91 Stockholm Sweden.
Nilsson, Dan -E. Department of Zoology University of Lund Helgonavagen 3 S-223 62 Lund Sweden.
Paranjpe, Jaishri Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
Parelker, M.A. Public Relations Officer Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
Pfluger, Hans -Joachim Freie Universitat Berlin Institut fUr Neurobiologie Konigin-Luise-Strasse 28-30 D-1000 Berlin (F.R.G.).
Pinto, Ludwin Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
Pollak, George D. Department of Zoology The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712-1064, U.S.A.
Ponder, Betty M. School of Graduate Studies & Research University of New Brunswick P.O.Box 4400, Fredericton, N.B. Canada E3B 5A3.
Premani, Chetan Raghuram, V. Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
Raj ashekhar , K.P. C/o. Prof. J.L.Wilkens Department of Biological Sciences The University of Calagary 2500 University Drive, N.W. Calagary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada.
Ramamohan, Y. Electron Microscope Laboratory Department of Neuropathology National Institute of Mental Health
and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore-560 029, India.
Ramaswami, Mani Division of Biology California Institute of Technology Pasadena Ca 91125, U.S.A.
Redkar, V.D. Rodrigues, Veronica Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
Rospars, Jean Pierre Laboratoire de Biometrie Institut National de la Recherche
Agronomique Route de Saint-Cyr F-78000 Versailles, France.
Rudolph, A. C/o. Dr. R.C.Hardie Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ U.K.
605
Subberwal, U. Deapartment of Anatomy All India Institute of
Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029 India.
Sakai, Hiroko M. National Institute of
Basic Biology Okazaki 444 Japan.
Sakai, Masaki Department of Biology Faculty of Science Okayama University Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1 Okayama 700 Japan.
Sasira Babu, K. Department of Zoology Sri Venkateswara University
Post Graduate Centre Kavali 524 202 District Nellore, India.
Seabrook, William D. School of Graduate Studies University of New Brunswick P.O.Box 4400, Fredericton, N.B. Canada E3B 5A3.
Shanbhag, Shubha R. Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
Shikata, Ayako Shikata, Yoshihiro Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Nagoya University Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464 Japan.
Siddiqi, Ashya Siddiqi, Obaid Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
Siddiqui, Shahid S. Laboratory of Molecular Biology Toyohashi University of Technology Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 440 Japan.
Singh, Aalok R. Singh, Kusum Singh, R. Naresh Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
606
Singh, Satpal Department of Biology The University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 52242, U.S.A.
Sinha, Anindya Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
Sivasubramanian, P. Department of Biology University of New Brunswick Bag Service No. 45111 Fredericton, N.B. Canada E3B 6E1.
Sood, Rashmi Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
Srinivasan, M.V. Centre for Visual Sciences Research School of Biological Sciences The Australian National University P.O.Box 475, Canberra City A.C.T. 2601 Australia.
Strausfeld, Camilla Strausfeld, N.J. Division of Neurobiology Arizona Research Laboratories 611 Gould-Simpson Science Building The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721, U.S.A.
Sur, Mriganka Department of Brain and Cognitive
Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Ma 02139, U.S.A.
Sz~l, Agoston Semmelweis University of Medicine Laboratory I of Electron Microscopy H-1450 Budapest, IX. Tuzolt6 Utca 58, Hungary.
Venard, Renee Laboratoire de Biologie et Genetique
Evolutives du CNRS F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Venkataramana, N.K. Department of Neurosurgery National Institute of Mental Health &
Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore-560 029, India.
Vijay Sarthy, P. Department of Ophthalmology,
Physiology and Biophysics University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 U.S.A.
Vishwas Sarangdhar Molecular Biology Unit Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bombay-5, India.
Wadhwa, Shashi Department of Anatomy All India Institute of
Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029 India.
White, Kalpana Department of Biology Brandeis University Bassine 235 Waltham, Massachusetts 02254 U.S.A.
Zeil, Jochen Lehrstuhl fur Biokybernetik Universitat Tlibingen Auf der Morgenstelle 28 D-7400 Tiibingen West Germany (F.R.G.).
607
GLIMPSES OF THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE CONFERENCE
Fig. 1. Left to Right. (a) J.P.Rospars, S.R.Shanbhag, K.Singh, S.D. Deshpande. (b) A.G.Gayatri, S.N.Joshi, R.J.Mistri, M.C.Arunan, L.Pinto. (c) D.R.Nassel, D.-E.Nilsson. (d) J.Zeil. (e) R.N. Singh, M.A.Parelker. (f) S.S.Siddiqui, K.G.Gotz, A.Elepfandt, A.Szel. (g) V.Sarangdhar, M.Sakai, H.M.Sakai. (h) A.Siddiqi, G.D.Pollak, O.Siddiqi, C.Strausfeld. (i) M.Sur, C.Lobo, R.Sood, S.Acharya.
609
Fig. 2. Left to Right. (a) J.M.Paranjpe, A.Gayatri, L.Pinto, M.Jarvilehto. (b) R.Bult, S.Datta, K.White, D.R.Kankel, J.Carlson. (c) A.Kasaiah, K.Sasira Babu, Y.Ramamohan, N.K.Venkataramana, K.P.Rajashekhar, Geethabali. (d) V.Bijlani, Mr. Bijlani, A.Hendrickson, V.Kucheria. (e) K.F.Fischbach, K.Hausen, A.Borst, J.Zeil. (f) D.E.Nilsson, A.Elepfandt, H.J.Pflliger.
610
Fig. 3. Left to Right. (a) S.D.Deshpande, G.A.Horridge, R.N.Singh. (b) G.A.Horridge, R.N.Singh. (c) 1st row: H.G.Chauhan, K.G.Gotz, K. Hausen. 2nd row: J.Fernandes, R.Balakrishnan, A.Gayatri, J.M. Jallon, R.J.Mistri. 3rd row: Y.Raghuram, R.Sood, C.Lobo, J. Paranjpe. (d) 1st row: K.Hensler, A.Szel. 2nd row: A.Borst, A. P.Gupta, M.M.Kakeri, V.D.Redkar. (e) S.D.Deshpande, S.R.Shanbhag, R.N.Singh. 2nd row: M.Jarvilehto, K.Hausen, A.Elepfandt. (f) 1st row: G.D.Pollak. 2nd row: G.A.Horridge, G.Gopinath, S.Wadhwa. 3rd row: D.A.Blest, U.W.Kenkare, P.Vijay Sarthy, K.Singh. (g) P. Vijay Sarthy, R.Mehra, A.Hendrickson, S.N.Joshi, L.Pinto, C.Premani. (h) R.Venard, M.V.Srinivasan, S.S.Siddiqui, V.D.Redkar,G.A.Horridge, A. Elepfandt. (i) R.McKay, A.Gopinathan, T.N.Krishna Prasadan, S.Datta, M.C.Arunan.
611
Fig. 4. Left to Right. (a) G.A.Horridge, R.Mckay. (b) A.Borst,M.
612
Mizunami. (c) R.C.Hardie, J.Zeil. (d) M.V.Srinivasan. (e) H.M.Sakai. (f) D.R.Kankel. (g) K.Hausen, R.N.Singh. (h) G.D. Pollak, J .M.Jallon. (i) M.Ramaswami. (j) K.Hensler.
Fig. 5. Left to Right. (a) M.Jarvilehto. (b) M.Sur. (c) S.Wadhwa. (d) N.J.Strausfeld. (e) D.A.Blest. (f) K.-F.Fischbach. (g) J.Carlson. (h) V.Rodrigues. (i) K.P.Rajashekhar. (j) H.J. Pfliiger.
613
Fig. 6. Left to Right. (a) A.Shikata, B.J.Pflliger, M.Sakai. (b) S.D.
614
Deshpande, C.Lobo, S.R.Shanbhag. (c) M. Hausen, M.Sakai, A. Gayatri, S.R.Shanbhag, H.M.Sakai, C.Strausfeld. (d) A.Gayatri, S.Datta, C.Lobo, K.Singh, A.Shikata. (e) A.Rudolf, H.M.Sakai, R.Sood, K.Singh, U.Subberwal. (f) R.Sood, K.Hensler, A.Sinha, J.Carlson, T.N.Krishna Prasadan, S.Acharya, K.P.Rajashekhar, S.K.Kokila. (g) M.A.Parelker, D.A.Blest, Y.Shikata, A.Gayatri, A.Borst, R.C.Hardie, S.Singh, S.N.Joshi, S.D.Deshpande, P. Vijay Sarthy, K. Singh , R.N.Singh, M.Sur.
INDEX
ACh (Acetylcholine), 38 Acuity (see also Sampling)
in arachnid eye, 164 in crustacean eye, 125-129 in insect eye, 54
Acute zone, 126-129, 337 Acoustic fovea (see Auditory space,
central representation of) Activity staining (see Deoxyglucose) Acoustic centers, 475-477 Adipokinetic hormone (see AKH) AKH-immunoreactive neurons, 306 Amacrine cells (see Local
interneurons) Antenna
ablation, morphological effects of, 336, 391
developmental ·staging of, 390 mutants of, 411-417 receptors on, 327, 328, 377-382
Antennal lobes, 328-332, 355-357, 388-394
comparisons with vertebrate, 332-336
glia cells in, 328-329 neurons of, 329-330, 337, 339 organization in, 328, 329-330 subunits of (see glomeruli)
Antenniform legs, 594-600 Antibodies
for developmental studies, 232, 243, 313
in photoreceptor identification, 35, 270, 275, 276-291
for neuroanatomy, 38, 243, 295, 297-314
Aphrodisiacs, 381-383, 398
Apposition (see Compound eye) Aspartate, 38, 267-268 Auditory pathways
structural organization of, 475-477, 480-485
Auditory perception psychophysiology of, 499-505
Auditory space aural representation of, 478-
480, 486-488 frequency representation of, 477 overrepresentation of, 476 spatial representation of, 488-493
Axons developmental defects of, 176,
247, 251 Behavioral analysis
in auditory perception, 470-471 of copulation, 519-522 of depth/ distance perception, 102-
105, 134-135, 145 of gustation, 441-443 of motion perception, 86-93, 99-105 in olfaction, 377, 397 of target choice, 146-152 of visual course control, 88, 99-
105, 131-133, 140, 144-146, 531-534
Behavioral mutants, 172, 196, 292, 377, 411, 413-417, 419-420, 443-446
Centrophobia, 150-152 Cerci, 336,
role in copulation, 524-527, 529-530
structure of, 336, 525
615
Chemoreceptors (see also Antennae and Gustatory receptors), 328, 377-382, 384, 428, 439
Chromosomes (see Compound chromosomes) Cochlea
central representation of 475-478 resonance frequency of, 471 structure of, 471
Cochlear neurons tuning of, 473-475
Color sensitivity of screening pigments, 17
Color vision, 155-157, 275-276, 278-291
in insects, morphological basis for, 323-324, 326, 327
Compound chromosomes in mutant analysis, 420-421,
423-425 Compound eyes
apposition type of, 17, 322 environmental specializations in,
124-129 in flight control, 532 neural superposition type of, 322 optics of, 20, 109, 133 organization of, 321, 322 predictive coding by, 28-29 superposition type of, 18, 20, 322
Cones, transmitters in, 268-269 Copulation
behavioral sequences of, 522-523 sensory perception of, 520-522
Corpora pedunculata (see Mushroom bodies)
Course control, 531-549 circuitry for, 549
Deoxyglucose ([3Hj2-deoxyglucose) labelling, 335, 392-394
Depth perception, 99, 126, 129, 134-136, 145
Descending neurons, 341 in course control, 337, 534-536 multimodality of, 342, 575 structure of 340, 534
Development of lateral geniculate, 219-228 of neocortex, 237-238
616
of nematode CNS, 242, 244-263 Developmental analysis
use of antIbodies in, 232, 243, 313
use of brain mutants for, 172-190, 195-200, 203-216, 247-259
Directional sensitivity in lateral line, 509-510 in mechanosensory appendages
(see also Cerci), 336 in vision, 11, 12-14, 92, 98, 120,
338 Distance discrimination
in echolocation, 470-471 in vision, 101-105
Dopaminergic neurons, 301 Doppler effect, 470
Echolocation, 469-471 EMDs (elemental motion detectors)
13, 108, 111 contribution to wide-field neurons
by, 112-115 pooling of, 115-120 spatial integration by, 90-93 stimulation of, 110 temporal integration by, 89
Enkephalin in nociceptive pathways, 569-577
Eye glow in moths, 19, 20-21
Eye movement, 3, 129, 129, 157, 164, 166
spatial orientation in, 130, 134 Eyes (see also Compound eyes)
in arachnids, 155-169 in coelenterates, 2 in crustaceans, 124-126, 129-133 in insects, 7-14, 17-22, 23-29,
126-129, 321 in onychophorans, 4 in polycheates, 2 in vertebrates, 278-290
Figure-ground discrimination in vision, 103-105, 325 in auditory (acoustic) perception,
471 Fixation (see Flight control)
Flight control circuitry for, 549 direct muscles for, 141 horizon detection in, 536-539 head movement's role in, 539 identified neurons for, 324, 533-
536, 545-549 object fixation in, 140, 145 visual tracking in, 140
Flight simulation, 141-143, 533 Flow fields, 14, 97 FMRFamide-immunoreactive neurons,
301-306 FMRFamide-related substances, 303-
306 GABA, 38, 221, 334, 567, 575-577
Gamma-amino-butyric acid (see GABA)
Genes (see also Neurological mutants) isolation of, 172-173
Genetic mosaic analysis, 175, 197, 198 Glomeruli
cell types in, 330 development of, 369-371, 390 design of, 338, 342, 388 choline uptake by, 390 in insect antennal lobes, 328, 338,
341-342, 355-371 uniqueness of, 335, 362, 366, 412 size and position constancy of,
357-361, 389 in insect visual system, 338, 341 mechanosensory relationships with,
335,390 monoclonal staining of, 390 odor coding by, 387-390, 392-394
(see also Deoxyglucose labelling)
quantification of, 357-361 as taste centers, 433-436 in vertebrate olfactory bulb, 333
Glutamate, 38, 268 Gustatory receptors, 428
specific identification of, 427, 429-432
Gustatory neuropils, 430-435
Head movements in course control, 539-543 in distance estimation, 98
High acuity zone (see Acute zone) H1-cell (see Motion detection) Histamine, 35-37, 269-270
receptors for, 36 Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP)
chemospecific staining with, 428 5-HT (Serotonin), 38, 297
in descending spinal pathways, 575-577 in insect optic lobes, 299-301
HRP (see Horseradish Peroxidase) Illusions, 147, 149 Image motion, 5 Inferior colliculus
as acoustic center, 475-485, 490-493
ascending projections to, 480-481 binaural representation in, 481 structure of, 476-477
Ion channels, 37, 419, 439, 442, evolution of, 460-461 genetic analysis of, 449-463 mutants of, 449
Ion channel genes cloning of, 449-459
Interaural intensity disparity, 481-486,487
Intraocular transplants (see also Development, of neocortex), 231, 232-237
Labellum, 428, 439 Labial palp (see Labellum)
sensory cells of (see Gustatory receptors)
Lamina (see also Optic lobe) glia barriers in, 67-68 glia types in, 328-329 lateral interaction in, 34, 54,
61-63, 66-68 neurotransmitters in, 35, 309 pharmacology of, 35-39 physiology of, 25-35, 59-63
LMC (lamina monopolar cell), 23-25, 54
signal transformation, 27-31, 60 synaptic transfer to, 29-31, 65-66
LMC conductance, 31 LMC responses, 27, 32-34
617
Landing response, 86-88 spatial integration in, 90-92
Lateral geniculate, 219-228 Lateral inhibition (see Lamina,
lateral interaction in) Lateral line
and auditory system, 514-516 central projections from, 511-513 function of, 509-511, 513-514 structure of, 507-509
Lobula (see Optic lobe) Lobula plate (see Optic lobe) Local interneurons, 300, 301, 323-
324, 330, 388, 558-564 Lumbar neurons (see Development,
of nematode CNS) Maps (see also Retinotopy)
of auditory pathways, 475-477, 488,490-494
in mechanosensory neuropils, 336, 556
in motion detectors, 113-115 in olfactory system, 336, 343
Macroglomerulus (see Sexual dimorphism, olfactory system)
Mechanoreception during copulation, 524-530 in escape reactions, 336 in flight control, 543-545 in locomotion, 556-565, 584-587
Mechanoreceptors functional integration of, 336, 558-564 multiple innervation of, 585, 596 peripheral synapses of, 597 roles in reflex behavior, 558 somatotopy of, 336, 556 types of, 556-560, 582-589
Medulla (see Optic lobe) Molecular genetics, 199-200, 262 Monopolar cells (see LMCs) Motion detectors (see EMDs), 7, 13-15 Motion detection
by acoustic system, 470 distance discrimination in, 101 object/background segregation in,
6, 103-105 parallax, 135 pooling in, 115-120 range estimation by, 99-101 relative movement in, 4, 99, 144
618
wide-field neurons in, 107 resolution of, 14
Motor neurons control of, 547-550, 558-564 circuitry of, 261, 563
Movement detection, 88, 89 behavioral tests for (see Behavioral
analysis) color insensitivity in, 7, 102, 324 of horizon, 536-538 models of
addition type of, 10 gradient type of, 8 Reichardt type of, 9, 88 subtraction type of, 10 summation type of, 12
spatial integration in, 90-93 temporal integration of, 89
Movement direction, 15, 115-117, 536-539
velocity in, 5, 10, 93, 99 Multimodal convergence, 335, 344,
535, 543-546 Mushroom bodies, 337, 343-344 Mutants (see Neurological mutants)
Nematode eNS, 241 neural circuitry of, 260-261
Neuroactive substances in insect vision, 297
Neurogenetics applications of, 171-173
Neurological mutants isolation of, 172, 197, 198, 247,
413-416, 421-425 types of, 144, 173-188, 196, 207,
242, 247-259, 391, 439, 443-446
temperature sensitivity of, 204, 422
Neuromast organs (see Lateral line, structure ot)
Neuropeptides, in insect neurons, 306-309
Neurotransmitters in insect visual system, 297 in photoreceptors, 25-39, 267-270,
298 putative in lamina, 25-39 release at LMC, 29
Nociception, 567-577 neuropils involved in, 569-573
Nociceptive pathways development of, 569-577
Non-spiking local interneurons (see Local interneurons)
Ocelli in course control, 532 L-neurons
functional analysis of, 73-80 responses of, 66, 73, 77-80
Odor coding (see Glomeruli) Object detection, 15, 103 Olfactory lobes (see Antennal lobes) Olfactory bulb in vertebrates, 332-
336 Olfactory mutants, 379, 412-413, 424 Ommatidia (see Compound eyes) Optics
in compound eyes, 133-134 telescopic principle in, 155
Optic cartridges, 54 Optic lobe
cell types in, 24-26, 54, 181-188, 309, 322-325
development of, 174-179 lamina physiology of, 25-39 lamina structure of, 24-25, 54,
309 transmitters in, 25-39, 297 lobula of, 184-187, 304, 309-312 lobula plate of, 107, 183, 324 medulla of, 184-187, 309-312, 323 medulla layering in, 312 mutants of, 179
Optokinesis, 131-133 (see also, Eye movement)
Optomotor responses, 97 (see also Behavioral analysis of motion perception)
Optomotor neurons (see Motion detection)
Parallel processing in mechanosensory system, 564 in olfactory system, 343-344 in visual system, 11, 324-325,
337
Pheromone production genetic control of, 403-405
Pheromones in behavior, 328, 334, 398-403 biosynthesis of, 405-408 detector systems for, 382-384 isolation of, 398-399, 400-402
Photo receptors electrical responses of, 55, 59 gap junctions of, 26 noise in, 29, 56 organization of, 2-5, 124-129,
164-169, 320, 322 signalling by, 26, 27, 55-59 synapse of (see Synaptic transfer
to LMC) transfer functions of, 64 transmitters in, 36-37
Pigment (see Screening pigment) Predictive coding
in insect vision, 28-29 Proprioceptors
in flight control, 539-543 Pupil
control of, 17-22 significance, 21-22
Receptors, central representation of (see Maps)
Reflex control of in locusts, 555-564 circuitry for, 563
Retina of arachnids (see Tiered retinae) of birds, 278, 284 of insects (see Compound eyes) of mammals, 279-283, 286-291 mosaic organization of 278-291
(see also Acute zone) physiology of, 26, 27-31 of reptiles, 278, 284 spike analysis of, 45-50
Retina-lamina projections, 24, 322 Retinotopy, 24, 107, 321, 322-324
Screening pigment migration of, 17, 18, 21-22
Serotonin immunoreactivity (see 5-HT)
619
Semantics in auditory perception, 499-504
Sexual dimorphism in olfactory system, 328, 330,
364-366, 380 in visual system, 337
Sexual specificity in behavior, 334, 337, 382 of olfactory molecules (see also
Aphrodisiacs) in neural networks, 334, 337,
338-340 Sampling, 7-9 Signals
coding of, 55-57 processing in ocelli, 81 transformation of, 77-80
Spikes analysis of, 44-51
Spiking local intemeurons (see Local intemeurons)
Stereopsis, 126 Synapse
formation of, 262 of compound eye
in lamina, 54 of receptor-LMC, 65-66
Synaptic noise, 31 Synaptic transfer
in insect lamina, 29, 30-31, 60, 65-66
Superposition (see Compound eyes) Systems analysis, 55-59
Target recognition by acoustic system, 473
Taste receptors, (see Gustatory receptors)
Taste organ (see Labial palp) Tiered retinae
color-sensitive organization in, 159-160
embryogenesis of, 159 evolutionary aspects of, 160-163,
165-169 light guiding in, 164
Tonotopy (see Maps) Tracking (see Flight control) Transmitters (see Neurotransmitters)
620
Velocity detection, 6, 7-9 Visual pigments
antibodies against, 275, 277, 284-289
in color vision, 275, 276 Visual systems (see also Eyes)
ecological adaptations of, 124-129
neuronal design of, 297, 298, 309, 322-329
theoretical design of, 4-14, 27-29, 57-59
Wave localization (see also Lateral line Function), 510-511
central representation of, 511-513 Wave frequency
directional sensitivity to, 514 discrimination of, 513-514
White noise analysis, 44-47, 56, 73 White noise stimulation, 44, 59, 72
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