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understanding the biological responses

Kevin Cailleauda, Anne Bassèresa, Patrick Baldoni-Andreya, Klaas Den Haanb Miriam Leon Paumenc, Mike Comberd, Andy Girlinge and Graham Whalef

a: Pôle d’études et de Recherche de Lacq, TOTAL, RN 117 BP47 64170 Lacq, Franceb: CONCAWE, The European Oil Companies’ Association for Environment, Health and Safety in Refining and Distribution, Boulevard du Souverain 165, B-1160 Brussels, Belgiumc: ExxonMobil Petroleum and Chemical. Hermeslaan 2, 1831 Machelen, Belgiumd: Mike Comber Consulting, Wheal Augusta, Bridford, Exeter, EX6 7LD, UKe: Consultant, Canterbury, CT4 8JT, UK f: SHELL Technology Centre, Thornton, P.O. Box 1, Chester CH1 3SH, UK

REFERENCESCailleaud, K., et al., 2013, Assessing petrochemical effluents using mesocsoms - Designing large scale experiments, SETAC Glascow

Comber, M., et al., 2013c, Assessing petrochemical effluents using mesocosms: Comparison of predicted toxicity and laboratory and mesocosm measured toxicity of petrochemical effluents, SETAC Glasgow

Leslie, H., et al., 2005, Prioritization in WEA : Screening whole effluents using solid-phase microextraction. SETAC Lille

Lenat, D. R., and D. L. Penrose. 1996. History of the EPT taxa richness metric. Bulletin North NorthAmerican Benthological Society 13: 305-307.

INTRODUCTION The data described in this poster are derived from a project jointly organised by TOTAL and CONCAWE. The project was designed to determine whether Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) data obtained from laboratory tests and assessments can be used to predict effects in outdoor artificial stream mesocosms. The project was undertaken in three successive stages which were 1) experimental design and feasibility assessment; 2) understanding the biological responses in effluents and mesocosms and 3) comparing predicted, laboratory and mesocosm effects. In this, the second of three posters, the biological data obtained from the mesocosm experiments is described. Data are presented on benthic invertebrate abundance and bio-diversity, diatom abundance and biodiversity, chlorophyll concentration. Results from short-term (acute) invertebrate (Daphnia magna) and bacteria (Microtox) and longer-term (chronic) green algae (Pseudokirchneriellia subcapitata) bioassays conducted on samples of the unfortified and fortified effluent samples collected from the flexible storage tanks over the treat-ment period are also described. The other two stages of the project are described in Cailleaud et al. (2013) and Comber et al. (2013).

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

--

-

--

Bacteria μalgae Invertebrates

Site A effluent

Site C effluent

+ Kerosene

Site B effluent+ Diesel

Site A effluent

Site C effluent

+ Kerosene

Site B effluent+ Diesel

Site A effluent

Site C effluent

+ Kerosene

Site B effluent+ Diesel

Bioa

ssay

s

Acute

Non toxic toxic toxic - - - Non toxic No effect No effect

Chronic

- - - Non toxic Non toxic Slightly toxic Non toxic Slightly toxic toxic

Ecol

ogic

alin

dica

tors

Acute

No effect Low effectobserved

Low effectobserved No effect Low effect

observedLow effectobserved No effect No significant

effectNo significant

effect

Chronic

No effect Low effectobserved

Low effectobserved No effect Low effect

observedeffect

observed No effect effectobserved

effectobserved

0

50

100

150

200

0 7 14 21 49

% (v

s con

trol

gro

up)

Days

Relative EPT index

ctrl Site A effluent Site B effluent + Diesel Site C effluent + Kerosene

0

50

100

150

0 7 14 21 49

% (v

s con

trol

gro

up)

Days

Relative French IBGN index

ctrl Site A effluent Site B effluent + Diesel Site C effluent + Kerosene

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

0 10 20 30 40 50

Can

onic

al c

oeffi

cien

t

Days

Ctrl Site A ef f luent

Site B ef f luent + Diesel Site C ef f luent + Kerosene

Site B effluent + Diesel

Site C effluent + Kerosene

Site A effluent

Exposure phase Restoration phase Exposure phase Restoration phase

Coefficient of variation of the control streams

Laboratory toxicity studies of whole effluents (WET)15/30 min Microtox acute toxicity24 h Daphnia magna acute toxicity72 h Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata chronic toxicity

Ecosystem studies of effluents in the streamsStatistical multivariate analysis of diatoms and benthic invertebrate using

CANOCO software (Principal Response Curve)Ecological indices based on biodiversity and abundances (French IBGN,

Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera (EPT, Lenat & Penrose 1996) index forbenthic invertebrates, and IBD for diatoms)

Flexible tanksExperimental Design

PRC for benthic invertebrates (CANOCO)

P=0.081 <0.1

*** ****** ***

Chemical analyses in the streamsTPH analyses PBS analyses using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) (Leslie et al. 2005)2D-GC analyses (not presented in the poster)

Stream mesocosms fed continuously with natural water from the Gave de Pau River

Gave de Pau RiverNursery

Artificial streams

Benthic invertebrate trap

Aquatic plants

The following biological and chemical analyses were performed during theexperiment:

Exposure phase Restoration phase

0

20

40

60

80

100

T0 T7 T14 T21

Toxi

c Uni

t (10

0/EC

50)

Days

Toxicity in the flexible storage tanks - Microtox

Site A 1 effluent Site A 2 effluent Site B 1 effluent + Diesel

Site B 2 effluent + Diesel Site C 1 effluent + Kerosene Site C 2 effluent + Kerosene

0

5

10

15

20

T0 T21

Toxi

c Uni

t (10

0/N

OEC

)

Days

Toxicity in the flexible storage tanks - Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Site A 1 effluent Site A 2 effluent Site B 1 effluent + Diesel

Site B 2 effluent + Diesel Site C 1 effluent + Kerosene Site C 2 effluent + Kerosene

0

2

4

6

T0 T21To

xic U

nit

(100

/LC5

0)

Days

Toxicity in the flexible storage tanks - Daphnia magna

Site A 1 effluent Site A 2 effluent Site B A effluent + Diesel

Site B effluent + diesel Site C 1 effluent + Kerosene Site C 2 effluent + Kerosene