Voices from The Transatlantic
Slave Trade
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Trans-Saharan Slave Trade
l Betweenthe10th – 14th centuries,AfricancaptivesweresoldinIslamicmarketsaroundtheareaofpresent-daySudan.
l Manyofthecaptiveswerefemale,soldforservantsorconcubines.
l OthercaptiveswereshippednorthacrossthedesertsofnorthwestAfricatotheMediterraneancoast(toMorocco).
l AfricanswerepurchasedtheretoworkasservantsinSpain,Portugal,andothercountries.
l Bythemid-1400’s,PortugueseshipcaptainsweretradingslavesalongthewestcoastofAfricaforworkingonsugarplantations.
l In1492,Columbuslandedinthe“NewWorld.”ThisnewlinkbetweencontinentsopenedthedoorforthebeginningoftheTrans-Atlantic slavetrade.
l SpanishadventurersandconquistadorsarrivedintheAmericasthroughoutthefollowingyears,enslavingNativeAmericanstosearchforgoldandsilver.
l Nativeswereweakenedbydisease,malnutrition,andSpanishcruelty.
l AstheNativeAmericanpopulationdecreased,theSpanishgovernmentturnedtoAfricanslavestoreplacetheenslavedNativeworkforce.
l Around1520,thefirstAfricanslavesarrivedintheAmericasoffofPortugueseships.
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
l Spanish adventurers arrived in the following years, enslaving Natives to search for gold and silver.
l In 1492, Columbus landed in the “New World”, beginning the Trans-Atlantic slave trade.
l Around 1520, the first African slaves arrived in the Americas off of Portuguese ships.
l Natives were weakened by disease, malnutrition, and Spanish cruelty.
TriangleTradeRoute
The Middle Passage
Whatdoyouthinklifeaboardaslaveship
wouldhavebeenlike?
• Peoplewerepackedintoshipsonnumerouswoodenplatformsbetweendecks.
• Thesedecksweregenerallyaround4x6,withlittleheadroom.
• Thecapturedsufferedfromscrapes,bruises,andinfectionsfromlyingonthesebare,unsanitaryplanks.
•Onceenslaved,themenandwomenweretypicallyconfinedbylegironswhileontheship.
•Theywereoftentorturedwithwhipbeatingandironcollars.
• Conditionsbelowdeckwerecrowdedandunsanitary.Thewoodenholdingareaswerecoveredwithexcrement,blood,andfilth.Onlytubswereprovidedforpeopletorelievethemselves.
• Duetothesepoorconditions,manyofthosecapturedsufferedanddiedfromdiseasessuchasdysentery,dehydration,smallpox,andgastrointestinaldiseases.
• Manycommittedsuicidebyjumpingoverboardorrefusingtoeat.Ironpolesweresometimesusedtoforcefeedthoseenslaved.
15%-20%ofenslavedpeopleusuallydiedonthejourneytotheAmericas,atripgenerallytakingseveralmiserable
months.
Imagine:
Whatishethinking?
…hoping?
…wishing?
…remembering?
…seeing?
…feeling?
Assignment:AfricanJournalsAfricanswhoweresoldintotheslave
tradehadidentitiesbeyondbeing“aslave”.Theywerepeoplelivingtheirlives,survivingashumanbeings,andperformingdaytodayactivities.Thesepeoplewereindividualswithskills,hopes,dreams,andfeelings.
Theyhadidentitiesbeyondtheworldtheywereforcedintooncecaptured.
StudentswillassumetheroleofanAfricanandcreatetheirpersonal
journalthatdetailstheirlifebothbeforeandafterbeingsoldintoslavery.
StepforCompletion:
1.Brainstorm
2.ChoosearegionofAfricaandaparticulartimeperiodtoresearch.Inyourresearch,focusonfindingoutinformationthatwillhelpyouinferyourcharactersdaytodaylife.Forexample,youmaywanttofindoutinformationabout:
-Environment-Jobsanddailyhabits-Cultureandtraditions-Religion-Habitat
Womenl Adannal Adetokumbo (ah-Deh-toh-koom-boh) l Adebumi (Ah-day-boo-me) l Adowa (ah-doo-wah) l Aina (eye-nah) l Dacia (day-sha) l Dericia (Dah-ree-sha) l Tanginika (Tann-J-Nee-ka) l Takiyahl Tatul Obax (OH-bah)l Obioma (O-be-o-ma)
Menl Babul Babtundl Bangal Farajil Felal Abimbolal Adisal Adofol Kantigil Kashkal Zahurl Zere
StepforCompletion:
3.ChooseanAfricannameandbegintoimaginethisperson’slife.
NAMEEXAMPLES
4. Asyoubrainstormandimagine,begintocreateyourAfrican’sjournalentries.YourbeginningentriesshouldbesetinyourAfricanhome.
Inyourbeginningentries,consider:
-Whoareyou?-Describewhereyoulive.-Whatdoyoudoeachday?-Whoisaroundyou?Whodoyouspendyourtimewith?-Whatdoyouenjoy?-Whatareyourhopesanddreams?-Whatareyourskills?-Whatdoyoudislike?
5. Middleentries(Afteryourcapture,thevoyageacrosstheMiddlePassage,andyourarrivalintheAmericas)…
-Whereareyouwhilewritingeachentry(onaboat,inacell/stockade,atasale…)?-Howwereyoucaptured?Whocapturedyou?Whatwereyoudoingbeforecaptured?Whatwasyourlifelikebeforecaptured?-Whatishappeningaroundyou?-Whatdoyousee?Smell?Hear?Feel?Hope?Fear?Wish?-Howareyouhandlingthissituation?-Howareothersaroundyouhandlingthissituation?-Whatdoyouthinkisgoingtohappen?-Howareyoumanagingtosurvive?
6.Finalentries…
-Whathaveyoudiscoveredaboutyourself?-Whatareyourreflectionsregardingthisexperiencethusfar?-Whathappenstoyou?(Doesyourjournalhaveanendingentry,doesthewritingsimplydropofthepageandweneverknow,etc.?)
AssignmentDueDate:____________________________
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